8.3.2 Malengo ya Mfumo wa Kijamii - Utangulizi wa Mfumo wa Uislamu | Quran Course

8.3.2 Malengo ya Mfumo wa Kijamii - Utangulizi wa Mfumo wa Uislamu | Quran Course

Mwanaume anaweza kuchukua nafasi mbalimbali kuhusiana na uhusiano wake na watu walio karibu naye. Uislamu unabainisha haki na wajibu tofauti kwa mwanaume kulingana na nafasi anayotenda. Baadhi ya nafasi anazoweza kuwa nazo ni kama:

A man can take different roles with regard to his relationship with those around him. Islam defines different rights and duties for the man depending on which capacity he is acting in. Some of the roles he could have are as :

Babu.

Grandfather.

Mjomba wa upande wa mama / Mjomba wa upande wa baba

Maternal/ Paternal Uncle.

Baba.

Father.

Ndugu.

Brother.

Mwana.

Son.

Mume

Husband.

Mpwa wa Mama / Mpwa wa Baba.

Maternal / Paternal Nephew.

Mwanaume asiyehusiana.

Unrelated man.

Baadhi ya mifano ya haki na wajibu mbalimbali unaoangukia mwanamume kulingana na uwezo wake ni:

Some examples of the different rights and duties incumbent upon the man depending on his capacity are :

Baba ana wajibu wa kuwapa watoto wake chakula, makazi na mavazi, mpaka wakati watakapofikia umri wa kubalehe na kuweza kujitegemea. Baada ya hapo, msaada wake unakuwa sadaka.

The father must provide food, shelter and clothing for his children, until such a time that they are mature, and able to support themselves, after which his support becomes a charity.

‘A’isha (ra) amesimulia kwamba Hind binti Utbah alimwendea Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, akasema, “Ee Rasulullah, Abu Sufyan ni mtu bakhili, na sina chochote kutoka kwake isipokuwa kile ninachojichukulia mwenyewe.” Nabii ﷺ akasema, “Chukua kinachokutosha wewe na mtoto wako kwa haki.” Kitab al Umm, Imam Shafi‘i.

‘A’isha (ra) narrated that Hind bint Utbah came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and she said, “Oh Rasul Allah, Abu Sufyan is a miserly man and I have nothing from him except what I take for myself.” The Prophet (saw) said, “Take what is sufficient for you and your child with justice.” Kitab al Umm, Imam Shafi‘i.

Mtoto analazimika (yaani ni fardhi) kuwatii mama au baba katika mambo yanayoruhusiwa (mubah) na ambayo ni haki ya mzazi, kwa mfano kuwahudumia au kuwatunza; na inapendekezwa (mandub) kuwatii katika mambo ambayo ni chaguo la mtoto, kwa mfano ni nani wa kuoa, na nini cha kuvaa n.k. Ni haramu kwake kuwatii wazazi wake iwapo wataamuru kumwasi Allah (SWT).

The son is obliged (i.e. it is fard) to obey the mother or father in those areas which are mubah (permitted) and are the right of the parent, e.g. to serve them or look after them, and is mandub (recommended) to obey them in areas which are the choice of the son, e.g. who to marry, what to wear etc. It is forbidden for him to obey his parents if they order him to disobey Allah (swt).

“Na tumemuusia mwanadamu awatendee wema wazazi wake. Mama yake alimbeba kwa taabu juu ya taabu, na kumnyonyesha kwake kulikuwa ndani ya miaka miwili: (Sikilizeni amri hii) Nishukuruni Mimi na wazazi wenu; marejeo yenu ni kwangu. Lakini wakikutaka umshirikishe Mimi na kitu ambacho huna ujuzi nacho, usiwatii.” [TMQ 31:14-15].

“And we have enjoined upon man to be good to his parents. In travail upon travail did his mother bear him. And in years twain was his weaning : (Hear the command) Show gratitude to Me and your parents : To me is (your final) goal. But if they strive to make you join in worship with me things of that which you have no knowledge, obey them not.” [TMQ 31:14-15].

Ni haramu kwa mwanamume asiye mahusiano ya kifamilia na mwanamke kumtazama kwa nia ya tamaa.

It is forbidden for an unrelated man to gaze at a woman with lustful intentions.

Jarir bin ‘Abdullah alisimulia, “Nilimuuliza Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ kuhusu kutazama kwa ghafla (kunakotokea) usoni (mwa mtu asiye mahram). Aliniamuru nigeuze macho yangu.” Muslim.

Jarir ibn ‘Abdullah reported, “I asked Allah’s Messenger about the sudden glance (that is cast) on the face (of a non-mahram). He commanded me that I should turn away my eyes.” Muslim.

Mwanamke pia anaweza kuchukua nafasi tofauti. Majukumu yake hutofautiana kulingana na nafasi anayotenda.

The woman too can take different roles. Her duties vary depending on which capacity she acts in.

Miongoni mwa nafasi ambazo mwanamke anaweza kuzichukua, zifuatazo ni baadhi ya muhimu:

Among the roles that a woman can take, these are some of the important ones :

Mama.

Mother.

Shangazi wa Mama / Shangazi wa Baba.

Maternal/ Paternal Aunt.

Bibi

Grandmother.

Dada.

Sister.

Binti.

Daughter.

Mke

Wife.

Mpwa wa kike wa upande wa mama / Mpwa wa kike wa upande wa baba.

Maternal / Paternal Niece.

Mwanamke asiye mahusiano ya ndoa naye (ghayr mahram).

Unrelated woman.

Mnyonyeshaji (yaani mama wa kunyonyesha).

Wet-nurse (i.e. mother by breast-feeding).

Hapa kuna mifano ya baadhi ya majukumu haya yanaweza kuhusisha:

Here are a few examples of what some of these roles may entail:

Mama ana haki zaidi ya utii na heshima kutoka kwa watoto wake kuliko baba.

The mother has more right of obedience and respect from her children than the father.

Abu Hurayrah alisimulia kwamba mtu mmoja alimjia Mtume ﷺ akasema: “Ee Rasul wa Allah, ni nani kati ya watu wote mwenye haki zaidi ya wema wangu na kuandamana naye vizuri?” Akajibu: “Mama yako.” Mtu huyo akauliza: “Kisha ni nani?” Akasema: “Mama yako.” “Na baada yake?” Akajibu: “Mama yako.” “Na baada yake?” Akajibu: “Baba yako.” Imepokewa na Bukhari na Muslim.

Abu Hurayrah related that a man came to the Prophet (saw) and asked, “O Rasul Allah, which of all the people is best entitled to kind treatment and good companionship from me? He answered, ‘your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then who?’ He said, ‘Your mother.’ ‘And after her?’ He replied, ‘Your mother.’ ‘And after her?’ He replied, ‘Your father.’ .” Bukhari and Muslim.

Binti anahitaji idhini ya waliy wake (mlezi wake), ambaye kwa kawaida ni mume wake au baba yake, ili kutoka nyumbani. Baihaqi alisimulia kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema: "Si halali kwa mwanamke anayemwamini Allah na Siku ya Mwisho kumruhusu mtu aingie katika nyumba ya mumewe ikiwa mume amepinga, wala kutoka nje ikiwa mume anachukizwa nalo." Shangazi wa upande wa mama ana haki kubwa zaidi ya malezi kwa mpwa wake mdogo wa kiume au wa kike kuliko jamaa yeyote mwingine, isipokuwa mama na baba.

The daughter needs the permission from her waliy (guardian), who is usually her husband or father, to leave the house. Baihaqi narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to allow someone into her husband’s house if he is opposed, or to go out if he is averse.” The maternal aunt has more right of custody over her young nephew or niece, than any other relation apart from the mother and father.

Muhammad ﷺ alisema, “Khala (shangazi wa upande wa mama) ana haki sawa na mama baada ya mama.” Hadithi hii ilihusu malezi ya mtoto.

Muhammad (saw) said, “The khala (maternal aunt) has equal rights after the mother.” The hadith was regarding custody of a child.

Kila jukumu ambalo mwanaume au mwanamke anaweza kulitekeleza lina maelezo na ufafanuzi wake mahsusi. Hata hivyo, kwa kutekeleza majukumu ambayo kila mmoja anayo kuhusiana na watu walio karibu naye, maelewano yatatawala ndani ya muundo wa familia. Migogoro inayoweza kutokea itatatuliwa kwa Shari‘ah, iwe ndani ya muundo wa familia au katika jamii nzima.

Each role that the man or woman may fulfil has its own details and explanations. However, by fulfilling the roles that each has with regards to the other people around them, harmony will prevail within the family structure. Disputes which may arise will be solved by the Shari‘ah, whether they are within the family structure, or in the society as a whole.