Mfumo wa mahakama katika Uislamu unategemea Sharia pekee. Tunapaswa kukumbuka kwamba haki haiwezi kutolewa kikamilifu mpaka Uislamu utekelezwe kwa ukamilifu wake. Kufanya vinginevyo kungemaanisha kuacha sehemu za amri za Allah na kukubali utawala wa binadamu kama wenye uwezo zaidi wa kushughulikia suala lililopo. Hili halisababishi tu kuvurugika kwa ustawi wa jamii, bali pia ni kukiri kwamba Allah (SWT) si Mtawala wa kweli. Tunasoma katika Qur'ani kwamba Allah (SWT) anamwambia Mtume ﷺ:

The judicial system in Islam is solely based on the Shari‘ah. We must be mindful of the fact that justice cannot be fully served until and unless Islam is applied in its totality. To do otherwise, would mean leaving parts of Allah’s commandments and accepting the rule of man as better able to cope with the issue at hand. This not only leads to the disruption of the society’s well-being but is also an acknowledgement that Allah (swt) is not truly the Sovereign. We find in the Qur’an, Allah (swt) says to the Prophet (saw) :

"Lakini hapana, naapa kwa Mola wako, hawataamini kweli mpaka wakufanye hakimu katika mambo yote wanayozozana, kisha wasione uzito ndani ya nafsi zao kuhusu hukumu zako, bali wayakubali kwa imani kamili." [TMQ 4:65]

“But no by your Lord they can have no (real) faith until they make you judge in all disputes between them and in their souls find no resistance against your decisions but accept them with the fullest conviction.” [TMQ 4:65].

Maelezo ya mfumo wa mahakama ya Kiislamu yanajadiliwa mahali pengine (ona Mfumo wa Mahakama), lakini ni vyema hapa kujadili uhusiano wa mfumo wa utawala na mahakama.

The details of the Islamic judicial system are discussed elsewhere (see the Judicial System), but it is useful to discuss here the relationship of the ruling system with the courts.

Aina hii ya majaji ndani ya mfumo wa utawala wa Kiislamu inajumuisha majaji wanaosuluhisha mizozo inayotokea kati ya watu na Dola. Jaji huyu ana mamlaka ndani ya mahakama iitwayo Mahkamat al-Madhaalim (Mahakama ya Vitendo vya Dhulma) katika Dola ya Kiislamu. Kimsingi, jaji wa Mahakama ya Vitendo vya Dhulma anateuliwa ili kuondoa vitendo vyote vya dhulma ndani ya Dola ya Kiislamu, iwe vinafanywa na Khalifa, magavana, au afisa mwingine yeyote wa Dola. Katika kesi za mizozo kati ya watu na maafisa wa Dola ya Kiislamu, jaji wa mahakama hii ana haki ya kumwondoa afisa wa Dola pale uzembe wake katika Shari‘ah au dhulma aliyowatendea watu inapothibitika.

This category of judges within the ruling system of Islam consists of judges who settle disputes arising among the people and the State. This judge has jurisdiction within a court called Mahkamat al-Madhaalim (the Court of Unjust Acts) in the Islamic State. In essence, this judge of the Court of Unjust Acts is appointed to remove all unjust acts within the Islamic State, whether they are committed by the Khaleefah, governors, or any other official of the State. In cases of disputes between the people and the officials of the Islamic State, the judge of this court has the right to dismiss the official of the State once his negligence of the Shari‘ah or injustice committed upon the people is established.

Kwa mfano, mahakama hii inaweza kuchunguza mambo yote yanayofanywa na Dola ya Kiislamu yanayohusisha ubaguzi dhidi ya raia, utekelezaji usio sahihi wa Shari‘ah, tafsiri isiyo sahihi ya Shari‘ah au Katiba ya Dola ya Kiislamu, uzembe wa Khaleefah katika kuzingatia ushauri aliopewa, kutoza kodi isivyo halali kwa raia wa Dola ya Kiislamu, n.k.

As examples, this court may investigate all matters executed by the Islamic State involving discrimination upon citizens, improper application of the Shari‘ah, improper interpretation of the Shari‘ah or the Constitution of the Islamic State, negligence by the Khaleefah of the opinions given to him, forcing a tax unduly upon the citizens of the Islamic State, etc.

Hali ya kuvutia hutokea wakati kesi inapochunguzwa inayohusu uzembe wa Khalifah katika kutekeleza Shari‘ah. Qadi al-Madhaalim atalazimika either kutoa hukumu inayounga mkono vitendo vya Khalifah au inayopinga. Ikiwa hukumu ni ya kumuunga mkono Khalifah, basi wadhifa wa Khalifah utaendelea kuwa halali, na hilo litafanya kesi hiyo kuonekana kuwa sahihi na si uzembe. Kwa upande mwingine, ikiwa jaji ataamua dhidi ya Khalifah, jambo linalomaanisha uzembe wa Shari‘ah, Khalifah lazima atii hukumu ya jaji. Akishindwa kufanya hivyo, jaji atakuwa na mamlaka ya kumuondoa Khalifah katika nafasi yake kwa msingi wa uzembe wa Shari‘ah.

An interesting situation arises when a case is studied involving the Khaleefah’s negligence of the Shari‘ah. The Qadi al-Madhaalim will have to either pass a judgement in favour of the actions of the Khaleefah or against him. If it is in favour of the Khaleefah, then the Khaleefah’s mandate will remain, and will, in fact, render the case as being proper and not negligence. If, on the other hand, the judge decides against the Khaleefah, which entails negligence of the Shari‘ah, the Khaleefah must abide by the judgement of the judge. If he fails to do so, the judge will be authorised to remove the Khaleefah from his position on the grounds of negligence of Shari‘ah.