Al-Fiqh
Al-Fiqh
Ma'anar Al-Fiqh:
The meaning of Al-Fiqh:
Al-Fiqh a harshe yana nufin: ‘Al-Fahm’ (fahimta). Allah Ta'ala ya ce ta bakin Musa (as):
Al-Fiqh linguistically means: ‘Al-Fahm’ (understanding). Allah Ta’Aalaa said upon the tongue of Mousaa (as):
Kuma ka warware ƙullin da ke harshena (domin) su fahimci maganata (Ta-Ha 28).
And untie the knot from my tongue (so that) they understand (Fiqh) my speech (TaHa 28).
Wannan yana nufin cewa suna 'fahimtar' abin da nake gaya musu.
Which means that they ‘understand’ what I say to them.
Ma'anar Al-Fiqh bisa ga Istilaahi (ma'anar ƙa'ida ta ilimi) na malaman Usool ul-Fiqh shi ne:
The meaning of Al-Fiqh in accordance to the Istilaah (terminological definition) of the ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh is:
Shi ne ‘Ilmi (ilimi) na Ahkaam Ash-Shar'iyyah na aiki, wanda aka karɓo daga cikakkun hujjojinsa.
‘It is the ‘Ilm (knowledge) of the practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah taken from its detailed evidences’.
Bayanin ma'anar:
Explanation of the definition:
Al-Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah:
Al-Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah:
Abin da ake nufi da wannan shi ne: Al-Waajib, Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Makrooh da Al-Haraam.
What is intended by this is: Al-Waajib, Al-Mandoob, Al-Mubaah, Al-Makrooh and Al-Haraam.
Abin da ake nufi kuma shi ne: As-Sabab, Ash-Shart, Al-Maani', Al-'Azeemah, Ar-Rukhsah da As-Sihhah, Al-Fasaad da Al-Butlaan.
What is intended is also: As-Sabab, Ash-Shart, Al-Maani’, Al- ‘Azeemah, Ar-Rukhsah and As-Sihhah, Al-Fasaad and Al-Butlaan.
Al-'Amaliyyah (mai amfani):
Al-‘Amaliyyah (practical):
Abin da yake da alaƙa da ayyukan bayi (Ibaad) kamar Salla, Jihadi, cinikayya da naɗin Khalifa ga Musulmai.
That which has a relationship to the actions of the ‘Ibaad (slaves) like the Salaah, the Jihaad, the trade and appointing a Khalifah for the Muslims.
Al-Mustafaadah:
Al-Mustafaadah:
Abin da ake karɓa ba tare da Istinbaat (fitar da hukunci ta hanyar ijtihadi) ba, da abin da ake karɓa ta hanyar Istinbaat.
That which is taken without Istinbaat (deduction) and that which is taken by way of Istinbaat.
Al-Adillah At-Tafseeliyah (hujjojin dalla dalla):
Al-Adillah At-Tafseeliyah (the detailed evidences):
Waɗannan su ne Adillah Al-Juz'iyah (hujjojin juz'i), kamar Aayah ko Hadith ko wani ɓangare daga cikinsu duka biyu, kamar: "Aqeemu-s-Salaah" (ku tsayar da salla) da kuma kamar: "Allah ya halatta ciniki (Bai')."
These are the Adillah Al-Juz’iyah (partial evidences) like the Aayah or the Hadeeth or a part from them both like: “Aqeemu-s-Salaah” (establish the prayer) and like: “Allah has made Bai’ (trade) Halaal”.