Nau'o'in Ash-Shart
Types Of Ash-shart
Sharadi a fagen Mashrooʼi (abin da aka sanya masa sharuɗɗa) yana da nau'i biyu:
The Shart in respect to the Mashroot (the matter that has conditions placed upon it) is of two kinds:
1 – Sharadin da ake cika su zuwa ga Musabbab (abin da aka sanya): Wannan shi ne Sharadin Fi'l (aiki).
1 – The Shart that is completing to the Musabbab (caused matter): This is the Shart of the Fi’l (action).
Misali: Rufe al-'awrah sharaɗi ne (Shart) a cikin Salla, domin shi siffa ce (Wasf) da ke cika abin da ake sanya sharuɗɗa a kansa (Al-Mashroot), wato aikin Salla.
Example: Covering of the ‘Awrah is a condition (Shart) in the Salaah as it is a Wasf (description) completing the matter that has conditions applied to it (Al-Mashroot) and that is the action of the Salaah.
Sharuɗɗan wannan nau'i ko irin Shart suna komawa ga Hukm At-Takleefiy, kamar At-Tahaarah, Al-Wudoo', rufe 'Awrah, da tsaftar tufafi, waɗanda duk sharuɗɗa ne a cikin Salaah, alhali Salaah Hukm Takleefiy ce. 2 – Shart wanda ke cika Sabab: Wannan shi ne Shart na Sabab na Fi'l (aiki).
The Shuroot (conditions) in this kind or type of Shart returns back to the Hukm At-Takleefiy like At-Tahaarah, Al-Wudoo’, the covering of the ‘Awrah, the purity of clothing which are all Shuroot (conditions) within the Salaah whilst the Salaah is a Hukm Takleefiy. 2 – The Shart which completes the Sabab: This is the Shart of the Sabab of the Fi’l (action).
Misali:
Example:
'Al-Ihsaan' (حصانْ لِا) (watau aure) sharadi ne na Zinaa wanda shi ne sababi na jifa da duwatsu (Ar-Rajm). Saboda haka, Al-Ihsaan shi ne sharadin da ke cika sababin jifa da duwatsu, alhali sababin shi ne Zinaa.
‘Al-Ihsaan’ (حصانْ لِا) (i.e. marriage) is a Shart for the Zinaa which is the Sabab (cause) for stoning (Ar-Rajm). Consequently, Al-Ihsaan is the Shart that completes the Sabab for the stoning whilst the Sabab is Zinaa.
Haka kuma, ɗaukar dukiya daga wurin da aka ajiye ta lafiya sharɗi ne dangane da Sariqa (sata), wadda ita ce sabab ɗin yanke hannun ɓarawo.
Similarly, taking property from a safely stored location is a Shart in respect to the Saraqah (theft) which is the Sabab for cutting the hand of the thief.
Sharuɗɗan irin wannan suna komawa ga Hukm Al-Wad'iy (ba At-Takleefiy ba). Su sharuɗɗa ne na Asbaab (sanadi), kuma Sabab wani nau'i ne daga cikin nau'ikan Hukm Al-Wad'iy.
The Shuroot (conditions) of this kind return back to the Hukm Al-Wad’iy (and not At-Takleefiy). They are Shuroot for the Asbaab (causes) and the Sabab is a type from amongst the types of the Hukm Al-Wad’iy.