Yiwuwar faruwar Al-Ijmaa'
The possibility of the occurrence of Al-Ijmaa’
1 – Kammala ijma'in al-Ummah Musulunci a wani zamani ko wani zamani na musamman, ko ijma'in masu ijtihadi daga cikin Ummah, ba zai yiwu ba a zahiri. Wannan saboda mutane sun warwatsu a yankuna daban-daban. Wadannan yankuna suna nesa da juna, kuma nisan da ke tsakaninsu yana mayar da ijma'insu abin da ba zai yiwu ba. Banda kawai shi ne ijma'insu (yarjejeniya da amincewarsu) a kan nassi Qat'i wanda aka isar musu daga Wahayi, kamar fuskantar Alkibla a Salla, wajibcin Azumi, Zakka, Hajji da Jihadi. Duk da haka, hujjar wadannan hukunce-hukunce tana komawa ga nassi tabbatacce (Qat'i) da kuma Akhbaar Al-Mutawaatirah (rahotanni tabbatattu), ba ta komawa ga Al-Ijma'i ba.
1 – Concluding an Ijmaa’ (consensus) of the Islamic Ummah in a certain time period or era or the Ijmaa’ of the Mujtahideen from amongst the Ummah is not actually possible. This is because the people were dispersed across different regions. These regions are far away from each other and their distance apart makes their Ijmaa’ an impossibility. The exception to that is their Ijmaa’ (agreement and consensus) upon the Qat’iy text that has been transmitted to them from the Wahi like facing towards the Qiblah in the Salaah, the obligation of Siyaam, Zakaah, Hajj and Al-Jihaad. Despite that, the Hujjiyah (proof) in respect to these Ahkaam returns back to the definite (Qat’iy) text and to the Akhbaar Al-Mutawaatirah (definite reports) whilst it does not return to Al-Ijmaa’.
2 – Game da Ijma'un Sahabbai kuwa, wasu daga cikinsa an isar da su zuwa gare mu ta hanyar Tawaatur, wasu kuma an isar da su ta hanyar Akhbaar Al-Aahaad, dangane da abin da ijma'insu ya tabbata a kansa. Misalan wannan su ne ijma'insu game da kakar da take karɓar kashi na shida a gado; cewa idan ita kaɗai ce tana da dukan kason, kuma idan akwai fiye da ɗaya to suna raba kashi na shida.
2 – As for Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah, then some of it has been transmitted to us by way of Tawaatur whilst some of it has been transmitted by Akhbaar Al-Aahaad in respect to what their consensus has fallen upon. Examples of this include their Ijmaa’ in respect to the grandmother taking a sixth in inheritance; that she has the whole share if she is one and shares in the sixth if there are more than one.
Sun kuma kuma yi ijma'i a kan tattara Alkur'ani da kuma rubuta shi a cikin Mushaf. Haka kuma sun yi ijma'i a kan nadin Abu Bakr (ra) a matsayin Khalifah (magaji) ga Manzon Allah ﷺ, baya ga yin ijma'i a kan wasu hukunce-hukunce masu yawa na Shari'a masu amfani da ke cikin littattafan Fiqhu, waɗanda ake danganta su ga Ijma'in Sahabbai.
They also held a consensus upon the collection of the Qur’aan and upon it being copied down into a Mushaf. They also agreed upon the appointment of Abu Bakr (ra) as the Khalifah (successor) to the Messenger of Allah (saw) in addition to holding an Ijmaa’ upon many other practical Ahkaam Ash-Shar’iyah which are present within the books of Fiqh and are attributed to Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah.