Na farko: Barin Qiyaas Jaliy (bayyananne) zuwa Qiyaas Khafiy (ɓoyayye ko ɓoyayyen qiyas), kuma ana kiran wannan da Al-Ihtisaan Al-Qiyaasiy.
The First: Departure from a Qiyaas Jaliy (evident analogy) to the Qiyaas Khafiy (hidden or concealed analogy) and they call this Al- Ihtisaan Al-Qiyaasiy.
Misali na wannan:
An example of this:
Idan abokan hulda biyu suka sayi mota daga abokan hulda biyu bisa bashi da ke kansu, sannan daya daga cikin abokan hulda biyun da ake bin su kudi ya karbi wani bangare na wannan bashi, sannan ya rasa wannan adadin da ya karba kafin abokin huldarsa ya karbi nasa rabon, menene Hukuncin hakan dangane da Qiyaas Al-Jaliy da Qiyaas Al-Khafiy da masu bin Istihsaan suke riko da su?
If two partners purchased a car from two partners in the form of a debt due upon them, then one of the two partners who were owed money took possession of a part of this debt and he then lost this amount that he had taken possession of before the partner took his share, what is the Hukm for that in respect to the Qiyaas Al-Jaliy and the Qiyaas Al-Khafiy which the followers of Istihsaan hold.
Dangane da Qiyaas Al-Jaliy:
In respect to the Qiyaas Al-Jaliy:
Qiyaas Al-Jaliy (wanda ke wakiltar Qiyaas mai inganci) ya tanadar cewa kudin da daya daga cikin abokan hadin gwiwa biyu ya rasa za a dauke shi a matsayin daga asusun abokan hadin gwiwar biyu, don haka asarar ta rabu daidai tsakanin su biyun.
The Qiyaas Al-Jaliy (which represents the sound Qiyaas) dictates that the money lost by one of the two partners is to be considered to be from the account of the two partners so that the loss is shared equally between the two of them.
Bisa ga Qiyaas Al-Khafiy:
In accordance to the Qiyaas Al-Khafiy:
Ana ɗaukar kuɗin da aka rasa a matsayin daga rabon wanda ya karɓe shi shi kaɗai, abokin tarayyarsa kuwa ba ya ɗaukar kason asarar saboda Istihsaan. Hakan ya faru ne saboda, a ra'ayinsu, ba wajibi ba ne a gare shi ya raba da wanda ya karɓe tun farko, sai dai haƙƙinsa ne ya bar kuɗin da mai karɓa ya riƙe, sannan ya bi mai bin bashi don neman rabonsa ba tare da biyan wani abu ba saboda kuɗin da abokin tarayyarsa ya karɓa ya ɓace.
The lost money is considered to be from the share of the one who took possession alone whilst the partner does not share in the cost of the loss as a result of Istihsaan. That is because, in their view, it was not binding for him to share with the one who took possession in origin but rather it was his right to leave the money that had been taken possession of by the possessor and then pursue the indebted for his share without paying any consideration to the lost money that his partner had taken possession of.
Na biyu: Keɓance wani ɓangare na ƙa'ida ta gaba ɗaya (Kulliy Daleel) saboda wata hujja wadda ranta (nafs) na mujtahid ya gamsu da ita, kuma take nuna wannan keɓancewa.
The Second: The exemption of a partial issue from a Kulliy Daleel due to a Daleel that the Nafs of the Mujtahid is contented by that dictates this exemption.
Idan mai sayarwa da mai saye suka sabawa juna game da farashin kaya ko kayan ciniki bayan an kai shi, inda mai sayarwa ya ce farashinsa dinari 50 ne, shi kuma mai saye ya ce dinari 40 ne, to menene Hukuncin Shari'a game da hakan?
If the seller and buyer differ in regards to the price of a commodity or goods after its delivery, where the seller claims that its price is 50 Deenaar whilst the purchaser claims that it is 40 Deenaar, then what is the Hukm Ash-Shar’iy in respect to that?
Kulliy Asl (asali):
The Kulliy Asl (origin):
Cewa ana hukunta su bisa ka'idar shari'a wacce ita ce nassin Hadisin Manzon Allah ﷺ:
That they are judged by the Qaa’idah Ash-Shar’iyah which is the text of the Hadeeth of the Messenger of Allah (saw):