Hujjiyat ul-Ijmaa’ (hujjar Ijma'i a matsayin Daleel Shar'iy)
Hujjiyat ul-Ijmaa’ (the proof of its validity as a Daleel Shar’iy)
Hujjiyyar Ijma'i a matsayin tushen hukunce-hukuncen Musulunci wuri ne da galibin malaman fiqhu da malaman usulul-fiqhi suka yarda a kansa, tare da abin da aka gina a kan hakan dangane da wajabcin bi da kuma rashin keta hukuncin da aka dogara a kansa. Sai dai sun sabawa juna dangane da wadanne Musulmi ne ake daukar ijma'in daga gare su.
The Hujjiyah of Al-Ijmaa’ as a source for the Islamic Ahkaam is a place of agreement amongst the majority of the Fuqahaa and ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh in addition to what is built upon that in terms of the obligation to follow and not violate a ruling based upon it. However, they differed in respect to which Muslims the Ijmaa’ is taken from.
Mafi shahara daga cikin Ijma'in da malaman Usul al-Fiqh da Fuqahaa suka amince da shi sune:
The most well-known Ijmaa’s that the ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh and Fuqahaa adopted are:
Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah, Ijmaa’ Ahl ul-Madinah, Ijmaa’ Al-Ummah Al-Islaamiyah a wani zamani ko lokaci, Ijmaa’ Al-Mujtahideen a wani zamani ko lokaci, da Ijmaa’ Ahl ul-Bait a fahimtar ’yan Shi’ah.
Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah, Ijmaa’ Ahl ul-Madinah, Ijmaa’ Al-Ummah AlIslaamiyah in a certain era or period, Ijmaa’ Al-Mujtahideen in a certain era or time and Ijmaa’ Ahl ul-Bait in the view of the Shee’ah.
Zan fara magana kan hujjatuwar Ijma'in Sahabbai ne tun da yawancin malaman Usulliyyuna da Fukahawa sun ƙidaya shi a matsayin Ijma'i na halal kuma ingantacce, sannan zan yi magana kan Ijma'in al'ummar Musulunci.
I will first deal with the Hujjiyah of Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah because most of the ‘Ulamaa from the Usooliyeen and Fuqahaa counted it as a legitimate and valid Ijmaa’ and then I will address the Ijmaa’ of the Islamic Ummah.
Hujjiyah Ijmaa' As-Sahaabah
Hujjiyah Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah
Ijmā' aṣ-Ṣaḥābah an ɗauke shi a matsayin Ḥujjah (hujja) saboda waɗannan dalilai:
The Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah is regarded as a Hujjah (proof) due to the following evidences:
1 - Yabon Allah da yabo da godiyarsa (Thanaa') ga sahabbai (Sahaabah) na Manzon Allah ﷺ a cikin Alqur'ani:
1 - Allah’s commendation and praise (Thanaa’) upon the companions (Sahaabah) of the Messenger of Allah (saw) in the Qur’aan:
Muhammad ﷺ ne Manzon Allah, kuma waɗanda suke tare da shi suna da tsauri ga kafirai, masu jin ƙai a tsakaninsu (Al-Fat'h 29).
Muhammad (saw) is the Messenger of Allah, and those who are with him are severe against the disbelievers and merciful among themselves (Al-Fat’h 29).
Kuma a cikin Suratul Hashr Allah Ta'ala ya ce:
And in Soorah Al-Hashr Allah Ta’Aalaa said:
Suna neman falala daga wurin Allah da yardarsa, suna taimakon Allah da ManzonSa. Waɗancan su ne masu gaskiya. (Al-Hashr 8) Note: "There is also a share" is part of the original English bracketed phrase, which corresponds to a Qur'anic context; I translated it as it appears in the source text's sense.
They seek a bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure and supporting Allah and His Messenger, [there is also a share]. Those are the truthful (Al-Hashr 8).
Kuma Ya ce Ta'ala a cikin wannan Aya ta Suratul Hashr:
And He Ta’Aalaa said in the following Aayah of Soorah Al-Hashr:
Waɗancan su ne masu rabauta (Al-Hashr 9).
It is those who will be successful (Al-Hashr 9).
Kuma Ya ce Ta'ala: "Kuma waɗanda suka fara riga-kafi daga cikin Muhajirai da Ansar, da waɗanda suka bi su da kyakkyawan aiki, Allah ya yarda da su, su ma sun yarda da Shi, kuma Ya shirya musu gonaki da koguna ke gudana a ƙarƙashinsu, za su dawwama a cikinsu har abada. Wannan ita ce babbar rabo." (Suratut Taubah, 100)
And He Ta’Aalaa said: And the first forerunners [in the faith] among the Muhajireen and the Ansar and those who followed them with good conduct - Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him, and He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. That is the great attainment (AtTaubah 100).
2 – Sahabbai (ra) su ne waɗanda suka tattara Alƙur'ani, su ne waɗanda suka kiyaye shi, suka watsa shi kuma suka yi kwafensa.
2 – The Sahaabah (rah) are those who gathered together the Qur’aan, they are those who preserved it, transmitted and made copies of it.
Kuma Allah Ta'ala ya ce:
And Allah Ta’Aalaa says:
Lalle ne, Mu ne Muka saukar da Ambato (wato Alkur'ani), kuma lalle ne Mu ne Masu tsare shi (Al-Hijr 9).
Verily it is We Who revealed the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur'an) and verily We will safeguard it (Al-Hijr 9).
Saboda haka, idan har Sahabbai (rah) ne suka kula da Alkur'ani a aikace ta hanyar Ijma'in su, alhali Allah Ta'ala ya riga ya ɗauki nauyin kiyaye shi, to, Ayar tana nuni zuwa ga gaskiya da ingancin Ijma'in su.
Therefore, in the case where it was the Sahaabah (rah) who (practiacally) attended to the Qur’aan through their Ijmaa’ whilst Allah Ta’Aalaa had assumed its preservation, then the Aayah guides to the truthfulness and veracity of their Ijmaa’.
3 – Bisa ga Shari'a, ba zai yiwu ga Sahabbai su yi ijma'i a kan kuskure ba. Idan hakan ya halatta, to zai halatta a sami kuskure ko kuskure a cikin addini, domin su ne suka isar da wannan addini zuwa gare mu ta hanyar ijma'insu.
3 – It is impossible in accordance to the Shar’a for the Sahaabah to have an Ijmaa’ upon an error. If that was permissible, then it would be permissible for there to be an error or mistake in respect to the Deen because they are those who have transmitted this Deen to us via their Ijmaa’ (consensus).
4 – Ijma'u As-Sahaba yana nuna wata hujja ta shari'a. Wannan saboda ba su yarda ba, ba kuma su yi ijma'i a kan wani hukunci a matsayin hukunci ba sai da suna da hujja daga maganar, aikin ko amincewar (taqrir) Manzon Allah ﷺ. Wannan gaskiya ba ta shafi kowa ba face Sahabbai (rah), domin su rayu a lokaci guda da Manzon Allah ﷺ, sun taru kewaye da shi kuma sun karɓi daga gare shi.
4 – The Ijmaa’ As-Sahaabah discloses and is revealing of a Daleel Shar’iy. That is because they did not agree and hold a consensus upon a certain Hukm being a Hukm unless they had a Daleel from the statement, action or Taqreer (approval and consent) of the Messenger of Allah (saw). This reality does not apply to any other than the Sahaabah (rah) because they lived at the same time as the Messenger (saw), gathered around him and transmitted from him.
Daga wadannan hujjojin da aka ambata a sama, a bayyane yake cewa Ijma'in Sahabbai shi ne Ijma'in da dalilai suka nuna cewa tabbataccen Thubuti ne (wanda aka tabbatar da shi a bayyane kuma babu shakka). Wannan saboda hujjojinsa daga ayoyi ne bayyanannu, kuma suna da Qat'iyyar Dalala (bayyananniyar ma'ana wadda ba ta da wata ma'ana ta daban) dangane da yabo da girmamawar da aka yi wa Sahabbai 135
From these evidences above it becomes evident that the Ijmaa’ AsSahaabah is the Ijmaa’ which the Adillah (evidences) have guided to being Qat’iy Ath-Thuboot (established and proven decisively). That is because its evidences are from the definite Aayaat and they are Qat’iy Ad-Dalaalah in respect to the commendation and praise upon their 135
gaskiya. Wannan kuma gaskiya ne dangane da hujja ta huɗu wadda ita ce ta 'Aqliy (ta hankali).
Mafi alherin zamani shi ne zamanina, wanda aka aiko ni a cikinsa (Abu Daawood).
The best generation is my generation that I have been sent amongst them (Abu Daawood).
Sahabbaina kamar taurari ne. Duk wanda kuka bi ɗaya daga cikinsu, za a shiryar da ku (Al-Baihaqi da Ad-Dailamiy ne suka ruwaito shi daga Ibn ‘Abbaas).
My companions are like the stars. Any one of them you follow you are guided (Al-Baihaqi and Ad-Dailamiy related it from Ibn ‘Abbaas).