Al-Istishaab da Dokokin Mutane
Al-istishaab And The Man-made Laws
Ana ba al-Istishaab muhimmanci (ko nauyi) a cikin dokokin da mutane suka yi, kuma wannan yana bayyana a cikin al'amura masu zuwa:
Al-Istishaab is given consideration (or weight) within the man-made laws and this is apparent in the following matters:
1 – Ana amfani da Al-Istishaab a fagen dokar hukunci, kuma yana aiki a matsayin Asl (tushe) a cikinta, saboda al'amura suna kan Ibaahah (halaccin aikata su) muddin ba a kawo nassi da ke kafa ko tabbatar da hukuncin ba. Haka nan, wanda ake tuhumaba shi da laifi har sai an kawo hujja da ke tabbatar da tuhumar (ko laifin), ko kuma har sai an fitar da nassi game da hukuncin. Wadannan al'amura an gina su ne a kan Al-Istishaab, kuma wannan shi ne Istishaab Al-Baraa'ah Al-Asliyah (ci gaba da kasancewar 'yanci daga hakki na asali).
1 – Al-Istishaab is taken in respect to the penal code and it acts as an Asl (origin) within it because the matters remain upon Ibaahah (permissibility) as long as a text is not brought establishing or proving the punishment. Also, the accused is innocent until an evidence is brought to prove the accusation (or guilt) or until a text is issued for the punishment. These matters are based upon Al-Istishaab and this is Istishaab Al-Baraa’ah Al-Asliyah (The continuance of the original non-liability).
2 – Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen dokokin da mutane suka tsara an gina su ne a kan Asali (tushe ko asali) na halalci. Misali, halaccin kwangila tsakanin bangarorin biyu masu yin kwangila an gina shi ne a kan asalin halalci dangane da kwangiloli. Saboda haka, asali a wajen masu tsara dokokin mutane dangane da kwangiloli shi ne halalci, kuma ana riko da shi har sai an kafa nassi da ya hana ko ya haramta hakan.
2 – Many of the rulings of the man-made law are built upon the Asl (origin or basis) of permissibility so for instance the issue of the legality of the contract between two contracting parties is based upon the basis of the original permissibility in respect to contracts. Therefore, the origin amongst the man-made law makers in respect to contracts is permissibility and is committed to until a text is established that prevents of forbids that.
3 – Mataki na 180 daga kundin tsarin kotuna a ƙasar Masar an gina shi ne bisa tushen Al-Istishaab, kuma ya ce: "Shaidar Dain (bashi) ta isa, koda kuwa ba a bayyana ci gaba da wanzuwarsa ba dangane da wanda ake bi bashin, haka nan dangane da shaidar 'Ain (ido)".
3 – Article 180 from the code related to the arrangement of tribunals in Egypt was based upon the basis of Al-Istishaab and it states: “The testimony of the Dain (debt) is sufficient and even if its remaining (continuance) has not been declared in respect to the one owed, and similarly in respect to the testimony of the ‘Ain (eye)”.
Kuma mataki na 181 ya bayyana cewa: "Shaidar Wasiyya (wasiyya/wasiyyi) ko Al-Iesaa'u (ba da umarni na ƙarshe) ta isa ko da ba a bayyana matsayin wanda ya ba da Wasiyyar ba har zuwa lokacin mutuwarsa."
And article 181 states: “The testimony by Wasiyah (will/testament) or Al-Iesaa’u (disposition) is sufficient even if the insistence of the one granting the Wasiyah had not been declared until the time of the death”.
4 – Ƙa'idodi masu zuwa an gina su ne bisa Al-Istishaab:
4 – The following Qawaa’id (principles) have been based upon Al-Istishaab:
Asali yana nan a kan abin da yake a kai har sai an tabbatar da canjinsa.
- The origin remains upon what it was upon until its change has been established (or proven).
Asalin abubuwa shi ne Ibaahah (halaccin abu), kuma wannan ya haɗa, a ra'ayinsu, duka abubuwa da ayyuka.
- The origin in respect to things is Ibaahah (permissibility) and this comprises in their view both the things and the actions.
- Abin da aka tabbatar ko aka kafa shi da yaƙini (tabbaci) ba ya ɓacewa ko ba ya soke shi da shakka.
- That which is established or proven by Yaqeen (certainty) is not removed (or cancelled) by Shakk (doubt).
Asalin matsayi a game da mutum shi ne Baraa'ah (rashin laifi ko kasancewa cikin kuɓuta daga zargi).
- The original position (Asl) in respect to the person is Baraa’ah (non-liability or innocence).