Wannan yana nufin yadda mutanen harshe suka canja ma'anar da aka fara tanadar wa kalma, zuwa wata ma'ana daban wadda ta yaɗu ta kuma sananne ga kowa, har ma ma'anar farko da aka nufa ta zama an yi watsi da ita. Misali a kan haka shi ne kalmar (Daabbah). Larabawa sun fara sanya ta don nuna duk abin da ke tafiya (a hankali ko kusa da ƙasa) a bisa ƙasa, ciki har da mutum da dabba. Sannan suka canja wannan kalma zuwa nuna waɗancan halittu kawai da ke tafiya a kan ƙafafu huɗu, suka kuma watsar da ma'anar farko. Ta haka ne kalmar (Daabbah)
This relates to what the people of the language have transferred the originally provided and set meaning to another meaning that became widespread and widely known. That is whilst the initial indicated meaning was disregarded. An example of this is the Lafzh (Daabbah) as the Arabs first placed it down to indicate everything that moves (slowly or close to the ground) upon the land including the human and the animal. Then they transferred this Lafzh to indicate those creatures which move on four legs alone whilst they cast aside the original meaning. In this way the Lafzh Daabbah)
ya zama ana amfani da shi bisa ma'anarsa ta sabuwa, wadda ke wakiltar Haqeeqah Lughawiyah ‘Urfiyah (hakikanin ma'ana ta harshe bisa al'ada).
came to be applied upon its new meaning which represents a Haqeeqah Lughawiyah ‘Urfiyah (customary linguistic reality).
Akwai kuma Haqeeqah ‘Urfiyah Khaassah (ma'anar kalma ta al'ada ta musamman ko ta fanni na musamman) ga mutanen wasu fannoni ko sana'o'i. Wannan ya hada da ka'idojin ilmi (Istilaahaat) na malamai na Usool ul-Fiqh. Misali, kalmar Lafzh (Illah) an sanya ta a harshe don nuna cuta ko lahani. Sai malamai suka yi amfani da ita a cikin ilminsu don nuna abin da yake dalili ko abin da ke motsa hukuncin shari'a (Hukm). Haka kuma a cikin wannan rukuni na Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah ta musamman akwai ka'idojin ilmi da ake karba a ilmin taurari, ilimin magani, ilimin kasa da sauran irin wadannan fannoni.
There is also a Haqeeqah ‘Urfiyah Khaassah (specific or specialised customary literal usage or application) for the people of specific arts or skills. This includes the terminological conventions (Istilaahaat) of the ‘Ulamaa of Usool ul-Fiqh. So for instance, the Lafzh (Illah) was set and provided in the language to indicate an illness (or defect). The ‘Ulamaa then used it in their terminology to indicate the matter that is the reason or motivating factor for the Hukm (legal ruling). Also within this category of the specific or specialised Haqeeqah Al- ‘Urfiyah are the terminological conventions that are adopted in astronomy, medicine, geography and other such areas.
Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Khaassah (Haqeeqar ‘Urfi ta Musamman) ta bambanta da Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Lughawiyah (Haqeeqar ‘Urfi ta Harshe) ta fuskoki biyu.
The Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Khaassah (The specific customary Haqeeqah) differs from the Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Lughawiyah (The linguistcic customary Haqeeqah) in two matters:
1 - Ana iya ga mutanen kowane fanni, sana'a ko ƙwarewa, a kowane zamani, su kafa ma'anonin ƙayyadaddun kalmomi (tsararrun ma'ana) ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin harshe, su mayar da su ga ma'anoni na musamman da suka shafi fagensu. Amma haƙiƙanin ma'anar al-'urfiyyah al-lughawiyyah ta kasance ne ga mutanen asali na harshen, wanda ga harshensu ake dogara wajen kafa hujja ko shaida. Saboda haka, a yau bai halatta a mayar da kalmar Larabci wadda asali ko farko take da wata ma'ana zuwa wata ma'ana ba. 556
1 - It is possible for the people of any particular skill, art or expertise and in any time period to set terminological conventions utilising the Alfaazh (worded expressions) of the language and transfer them to specific meanings associated to their field. That is whilst the Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Lughawiyah is specific to the (original) people of the language upon whose language is relied upon for proof or evidence. And so it is not permissible today to transfer an Arabic word that had been originally or initially been 556
an sanya shi ƙasa, aka tsara shi don takamaiman ma'ana, zuwa sabuwar ma'ana, domin a mayar da shi haqeeqah 'urfiyyah lughawiyyah daga gare ta.
placed down and set down for a specific meaning, to a new meaning, so as to make a Haqeeqah ‘Urfiyah Lughawiyah from it.
2 – Dangane da Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Khaassah (ma'anar al'ada ta musamman), ma'anar asali ta lafzi ba a watsar da ita ko a jefar da ita ba, sai dai tana ci gaba da kasancewa ana amfani da ita a rubuce da magana kamar yadda Larabawa suka tanada kuma suka kafa ta. Misali, lafzin ‘Faa’il, wanda masana ilimin nahawun Larabci suka ba shi ma'anar ta'arifi ko ma'anar ilimi don nuna kalmar da aiki ke dangantuwa da ita, yana ci gaba da kasancewa ana amfani da shi da ma'anarsa ta asali da Larabawa suka tanada masa tun farko.
2 – In respect to the Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Khaassah (The specific customary Haqeeqah) the first (or original) meaning of the Lafzh is not disregarded or cast away but rather remains utilised in writing and speech just as it was provided and set by the Arabs. So for example, the Lafzh ‘Faa’il) which has been given a terminological convention or definition by the scholars of Arabic grammar to indicate the word that the action is attributed to, remains utilised in its originally meaning that the Arabs provided for it initially.
Yayin da ake magana kan Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Lughawiyah, ma'anar farko da aka yi amfani da Lafzh wajen nuna ta ana watsi da ita kuma ba a la'akari da ita. Misali, Lafzh wanda ma'anarsa ta asali ita ce ƙasa mai ƙasƙanci ko ƙasa, an canja shi zuwa sabuwar ma'ana wadda ita ce najasar mutum. Sai a yi amfani da shi a cikin ma'anarsa ta biyu kawai, ba a cikin ma'anarsa ta farko ba.
That is whilst in regards to the Haqeeqah Al-‘Urfiyah Al-Lughawiyah, the first meaning which the Lafzh was used to indicate is cast aside and disregarded. So for instance, the Lafzh which held the original meaning of the low lying land or ground was transferred to a new meaning which is the human excrement. It is then (only) utilised in its second meaning and not in its first meaning.