9 Dialek dan Bacaan
9 Dialects And Recitations
Walaupun bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa yang digunakan secara meluas di seluruh Semenanjung Arab, keadaan persekitaran dan sejarah yang berbeza bagi pelbagai suku kaum telah melahirkan pelbagai dialek. Dalam sesetengah keadaan, setiap suku menggunakan perkataan yang berbeza untuk menyebut objek yang sama. Contohnya, sesetengah suku memanggil singa sebagai "asad", manakala suku lain memanggilnya "layth", "hamzah", "hafs", atau "ghadanfar". Dalam keadaan lain, perbezaan berlaku dalam cara sebutan huruf-huruf tertentu disebabkan perbezaan baris dan bunyi vokal. Namun, lama-kelamaan dialek suku Quraysh muncul dari kalangan pelbagai dialek sebagai dialek yang paling menonjol. Dialek Quraysh menjadi dialek yang paling dihormati daripada semua dialek atas sebab-sebab asas berikut:
Although Arabic was the common language throughout the Arabian peninsula, the different environments and histories of the various tribes produced a wide variety of dialects. In some cases, each tribe used different words to describe the same object. For example, some tribes called the lion an “ asad,” while other tribes called it a “ layth,” “hamzah,” “hafs,” or a “ghadanfar.” In other cases, differences occurred in the way certain letters were pronounced due to vowelling differences. However, in time the dialect of the tribe of Quraysh emerged from among the various dialects as the most prominent dialect. The Qurayshee dialect became the most respected of all the dialects for the following basic reasons:
1. Makkah dan kawasan sekitarnya, termasuk tempat suci Ka‘bah, merupakan sebahagian daripada tanah suku kaum Quraysh. Setiap suku kaum yang berbeza mempunyai berhala yang mewakili tuhan-tuhan suku mereka, yang diletakkan di dalam dan di sekitar Ka‘bah. Oleh itu, Ka‘bah dianggap sebagai pusat kerohanian bagi semua suku kaum Arab, dan ziarah ke tempat suci tersebut dilakukan sepanjang tahun.
1. Makkah and its surrounding area, including the shrine of the Ka‘bah, were part of the tribal lands of the Quraysh. Each of the various tribes had idols representing their various tribal gods placed in and around the Ka‘bah. Thus the Ka‘bah was considered the spiritual center for all of the Arabian tribes, and pilgrimage to the shrine was made throughout the year.
2. Pada bulan haji, jemaah dari semua suku datang ke Makkah untuk melaksanakan upacara-upacara haji. Amalan ini dimulakan oleh Nabi Ibrahim dan anak-anaknya ketika mereka pertama kali membina Ka'bah, dan ia kekal sebagai amalan dalam kalangan keturunan mereka di Tanah Arab; namun, banyak upacara palsu yang melibatkan syirik dan khurafat telah ditambah kepada upacara asal. Kaum Quraisy mengambil tanggungjawab peribadi untuk membekalkan air minuman (siqaayah) kepada semua jemaah dan haiwan mereka. Ini dilakukan secara percuma sebagai bukti kemurahan hati dan kemuliaan mereka. Dengan itu, kaum Quraisy memegang kedudukan yang amat terpuji di kalangan bangsa Arab.
2. During the month of hajj, pilgrims from all of the tribes used to come to Makkah in order to perform the rites of hajj. This practice was started by Prophet Ibraheem and his sons when they first built the Ka‘bah and it remained a practice among their Arabian descendants; however, many false rituals involving idolatry and superstition were added to the original rites. The Quraysh took personal responsibility for supplying drinking water (siqaayah) for all of the pilgrims and their animals. This was done free of charge as evidence of their generosity and nobility. Thus, the Quraysh were held in a highly praiseworthy position among the Arabs.
3. Makkah terletak di persimpangan semua laluan perdagangan utama antara Syria di utara dan Parsi, serta Yaman dan Afrika di selatan. Akibatnya, golongan peniaga Quraisy menjadi golongan terkaya dalam kalangan keluarga di Semenanjung Arab, yang seterusnya membawa kepada penghormatan besar yang diberikan kepada suku Quraisy oleh pelbagai suku di Arab.
3. Makkah stood at the junction of all the major trade routes between Syria and Persia to the north, and Yemen and Africa to the south. As a result, the Qurayshee trading class became the richest class among the families in Arabia, which in turn led to the great respect that was given to the Qurayshee tribe by the various tribes of Arabia.