Yiddishcha Perelman kabi oilaviy familiyadan ibroniycha Ben-Yehuda kabi familiyaga o'tish Falastindagi ko'plab sionist ko'chmanchilarga o'zini qayta yaratish va o'zini mahalliylashtirish jarayonida taqlid qilish uchun namuna bo'ldi. Bu jarayon Bosh vazir va Mudofaa vaziri Devid Ben-Gurionni ham ilhomlantirdi; u 1948 yildan keyin Isroil armiyasidan oilaviy va shaxsiy ismlarni umumiy ravishda ibroniylashtirish va tozalash tartiblarini joriy etish uchun foydalandi. Ben-Gurionning o'zi Rossiyada Devid Grün nomi bilan tug'ilgan; uning onasining ismi Sheindel edi; Rossiyada tug'ilgan rafiqasi Pauline Munweis esa Nyu-Yorkda Ben-Gurion bilan tanishib, turmush qurganida shunday atalgan (keyinchalik u ismini Paulaga o'zgartirdi); Falastinga ko'chib kelganidan keyin Devid Grün Devid Grin bo'ldi; keyinchalik u familiyasini Injil ohangidagi, so'zma-so'z shersifat va yirtqich ma'noli Devid Ben-Gurion (so'zma-so'z «sher bolasining o'g'li») nomiga almashtirdi. Shuningdek, u qizi Geula («qutqarish») va o'g'li Amos ismlarini tanladi; Amos Ibroniy Injilidagi kichik payg'ambar nomi bilan atalgan.

The change from a Yiddish family name such as Perelman, to a Hebrew family name such as Ben-Yehuda, provided many Zionist settlers in Palestine with a prototype for emulation in a process of self-invention and self-indigenisation. This process also inspired Prime Minister and Defence Minister David Ben-Gurion who used the Israeli army after 1948 to impose general Hebraicisation and purification procedures of family and personal names. Ben-Gurion himself was born David Grün in Russia; his mother was called Scheindel and his Russian-born wife was called Pauline Munweis when she met and married Ben-Gurion in New York (she later changed her name to Paula); after immigrating to Palestine David Grün became David Green; and he subsequently changed his family name to the biblical- sounding, and literally lionised and predatory, name David Ben-Gurion (literally ‘son of the lion cub’). He also chose a biblical-sounding name for his daughter Geula (‘redemption’) and his son Amos, after a minor prophet in the Hebrew Bible.

Ben-Gurion uchun ibroniy an'anasini yaratish va millatni birlashtirish shuni anglatardiki, Ibroniy Muqaddas Kitobi endi diniy hujjat yoki ilohiy da'volar to'plami bo'lib qolmadi; u milliylashtirilgan va irqiylashtirilgan muqaddas matnga aylanib, dunyoviy sionizmning zamonaviy asosiy mifologiyasining markaziy qismiga aylandi. Yahudiy millatchiligining qadimiyligini tasdiqlovchi dunyoviy millatchilikning primordialistik mafkurasi sifatida (Smith, A. 1986, 1989: 340‒367) hamda Yevropaga xos völkisch va irqiy mafkuralardan ilhomlangan Ben-Gurionning sionizmi Muqaddas Kitobga butunlay funksional nuqtai nazardan qaradi: Bibliya tili, hikoyalari va joy nomlari safarbarlik qiluvchi mif va yahudiylarning "yerga bo'lgan huquqi" haqidagi "tarixiy hisobot" vazifasini bajardi – bu da'vo so'nggi arxeologik topilmalar bilan doimo tasdiqlanmaydi. Ben-Gurion uchun Bibliya hikoyasi va joy nomlari haqiqiy tarixiy voqealar va o'tmishning obyektiv va to'g'ri aks etishi bo'lgan-bo'lmagani muhim emas edi. Ben-Gurion Isroil davlati qayta tiklayotgan qadimgi voqealar haqiqatan sodir bo'lgan deb hisoblaganmi-yo'qmi, bu aniq emas. Lekin u tushuntirganidek: "[Bibliyadagi] hikoya biror voqeaning haqiqiy yozuvimi yoki yo'qmi, bu muhim emas. Muhim shuki, yahudiylar Birinchi Ibodatxona davrigacha aynan shunga ishonishgan" (Pearlman 1965: 227; shuningdek, Rose 2004: 9).

For Ben-Gurion, the invention of a Hebrew tradition and the synthesising of a nation meant that the Hebrew Bible became not a religious document or a repository of theological assertions; it was reinvented as a nationalised and racialised sacred text central to the modern foundational myths of secular Zionism. As a primordialist ideaology of secular nationalism, asserting the antiquity of Jewish nationalism (Smith, A. 1986, 1989: 340‒367), and inspired by Eurocentric völkisch and racial ideologies, Ben-Gurion’s Zionism viewed the Bible in an entirely functional way: the biblical language, narrative and place names functioned as a mobilising myth and as an ‘historical account’ of Jews’ ‘title to the land’ – a claim not necessarily borne out by recent archaeological findings. For Ben-Gurion, it was not important whether the biblical narrative and place names were an objective and true record of actual historical events and the past. It is not entirely clear whether Ben-Gurion assumed that the ancient events the Israeli state was re-enacting had actually occurred. But, as he explains, ‘It is not important whether the [biblical] story is a true record of an event or not. What is of importance is that this is what the Jews believed as far back as the period of the First Temple’ (Pearlman 1965: 227; also Rose 2004: 9).

Ben-Gurion va boshqa ko'plab dunyoviy mehnat-sionistlar dinga nisbatan boshidanoq chuqur ziddiyatli munosabatda bo'lishgan. Harakat nomi "Sion" so'zidan olingan bo'lsa-da, bu so'z dastlab Quddusdagi qal'aning nomi bo'lgan, sionizm yahudiylikni qayta talqin qildi va yahudiy mavzularini siyosiy harakatga aylantirdi. Bundan tashqari, sionizm yahudiylar diasporasidagi hayotdan farq qiladigan yangi ibroniy jamiyatini yaratishni maqsad qilgan va ko'p dinli hamda plyuralistik Quddusni bunday yangi jamiyat asos solinadigan munosib joy deb hisoblamagan. Bu shahar nafaqat begona unsurlar (mahalliy falastinlik arablar) bilan to'la edi, balki tinch "eski yahudiy yishuv" vakillari yashardi, ular esa sionizmga qarshi bo'lgan ultra-pravoslav jamoaga mansub edi. Shuning uchun sionistlar yangi (va sof) yahudiy shahri Tel-Avivni O'rta er dengizi sohilida, Falastinning Yoffa shahridan tashqarida qurishni afzal ko'rishgani ajablanarli emas. Tel-Aviv 1910-yilda Muqaddas Kitobga ko'ra isroilliklar emas, balki filistlar hukmronlik qilgan hudud­da asos solingan.

Like Ben-Gurion, many secular labour Zionists displayed from the outset a deeply ambivalent attitude towards religion. Although the movement’s name is derived from the word ‘Zion’, which was originally the name of a fortress in Jerusalem, Zionism reinvented Judaism and translated Jewish themes into political action. Furthermore, Zionism had ambitions to create a new Hebrew society that would be different from Jewish life in the diaspora and did not see multi-religious and pluralistic Jerusalem as the appropriate place for the founding of such a new society. Not only was it full of aliens (native Palestinian Arabs), but it was also inhabited by the peaceful ‘old Jewish Yishuv’, whose members were part of the anti-Zionist ultra-Orthodox community. It is no wonder, therefore, that the Zionists preferred to build the new (and pure) Jewish city of Tel Aviv on the Mediterranean coast, just outside the Palestinian city of Jaffa. Tel Aviv was founded in 1910 in a region which, according to the Bible, was ruled by the Philistines (not the Israelites)

12-asrdan boshlab, ya'ni miloddan avvalgi 12-asrdan boshlab. Bu nom Ezekiel kitobida (3:15) eslatilgan bobil shahri nomi bilan atalgan. Ammo Yevropadan kelgan yahudiy koloniyasi, ya'ni Yangi Yishuvning etnik-diniy "tozaligi" shundan yaqqol ko'rindiki, Mandat davrida uning sionistik rahbarlari ko'p dinli Quddus yoki Yaffo o'rniga demografik jihatdan yakka xalqli Tel-Avivda yashashni afzal ko'rdilar.

from the 12th century BC onwards. It was named after a Babylonian city mentioned in Ezekiel (3:15). But the ethno-religious ‘purity’ of the European Hebrew colony, the New Yishuv, was best illustrated by the fact that during the Mandatory period its Zionist leaders preferred to live in the demographically exclusive Tel Aviv rather than in multi-religious Jerusalem or Jaffa.

Quddus shahriga joylashib olgan o'sha sionistlik muhojirlar tarixiy shahardan tashqarida yashab, yangi yahudiy mahallalarini hamda birinchi yahudiy universitetini — Quddus Ibroniy universitetini qurdilar. Tel-Avivda esa (ibroniy) Histadrut va barcha ibroniy kunlik gazetalari joylashgan edi. Yangi yishuv sionistik rahbarlari Quddus nomi bilan qasam ichishda davom etsalar-da, ular o'sha yerda yashamas edilar, Falastinga kelgan yahudiy muhojirlarning aksariyati, taxminan 80 foizi, O'rta er dengizi sohili bo'ylab joylashdi. Ibroniy universitetining Avishay Margalit ma'lumotiga ko'ra, bu mintaqa hech qachon yahudiy xalqining tarixiy vatani bo'lmagan.25

Those Zionist immigrants who chose to live in Jerusalem settled outside the historic city and built new Jewish neighbourhoods and the first Jewish university: the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Tel Aviv remained home to the (Hebrew) Histadrut and all the Hebrew daily papers, and while Zionist leaders of the New Yishuv continued to swear by the name of Jerusalem, they did not live there and most of the Jewish immigrants to Palestine, about 80 per cent, settled along the Mediterranean coast, a region that (according to Avishai Margalit, of the Hebrew University) had never been the historic homeland of the Jewish people.25

Yangi erkaklik xotirasini yaratish gegemonik davlat hokimiyatiga asoslangan edi: "Yangi ivrit" tili, "Yangi ivrit erkagi", yangi va harbiylashtirilgan jamiyat hamda faqat yahudiylardan iborat "Ivrit shahri" (Tel-Aviv), "Yangi Yishuv" joylashuvchi koloniyasi va Eretz-Isroildagi Umumiy ivrit ishchilari federatsiyasi — Histadrutning yangi, qurollangan ivrit ishchilari. 1920 yilda tashkil etilgan harbiylashtirilgan Histadrut va harbiy xizmat zabt etish bo'yicha sionistik loyihaning markazida turardi. Ular yangi qurilgan mushak kuchiga ega va jangovar milliy o'zlikni ifodalardi. Ayniqsa, harbiylashtirilgan Histadrut sionistik Yishuvning iqtisodiy va harbiy-xavfsizlik infratuzilmasiga hukmronlik qilar, muhojirlik, yer joylashtirish va mustamlakachilik, iqtisodiy faoliyat, mehnat bandligi hamda harbiy tashkilot va mudofaada (Hagana) katta rol o'ynardi; kasaba uyushma faoliyati uning faoliyatining faqat bir qismi edi.26 Isroil fuqarosi bo'lgan falastinliklar 1959 yilgacha a'zo bo'lishga qabul qilinmadi. Histadrut qon va umumiy nasl-nasab asosida "Yangi joylashuv"ni yaratish va "muqaddas tuproqni" bosib olish orqali qaytarib olishga qaratilgan bu harakatning markaziga aylandi. 1920-yillarda sionistik mehnat rahbariyati Falastinda boykot strategiyasini ishlab chiqa boshladi. Shunday qilib, 1929 yilda Ben-Gurion har bir ivrit shahri va qishlog'ini, izolyatsiyalangan nuqtalarni bog'laydigan yer va inson ko'prigini o'rab turuvchi [sionistik] ishchilar joylashuvlaridan iborat "Temir devor" zarurligi haqida yozdi, bu devor yagona "ivrit mehnati" ('avoda 'ivrit) va "ivrit tuproqi" (adama 'ivrit) doktrinasini amalga oshirishga qodir bo'lishi kerak edi (Masalha 1992: 24‒25).

The invention of a new masculine collective memory was based on hegemonic state power: the ‘New Hebrew’ language, the ‘New Hebrew Man’, a new and militarised society and an exclusively Jewish ‘Hebrew City’ (Tel Aviv), a ‘New Yishuv’ settler colony, and the new and armed Hebrew workers of the Histadrut, the General Federation of Hebrew Workers in the Land of Israel. Established in 1920, the militarised Histadrut and military service were central to the Zionist project of conquest. They represented that newly constructed muscular and militant national identity. The militarised Histadrut, in particular, dominated both the economic and military- security infrastructure of the Zionist Yishuv and played a major role in immigration, land settlement and colonisation, economic activities, labour employment and military organisation and defence (the Haganah), with trade union activity as only one part of its activities.26 Palestinian citizens of Israel were not admitted as members until 1959. The Histadrut became central to this drive designed to create a ‘New Settlement’ of blood and common descent and redeem the ‘biblical soil’ by conquest. In the 1920s the Zionist Labour leadership also began to develop a boycott strategy in Palestine. Thus, in 1929, Ben-Gurion wrote of the need for an ‘Iron Wall of [Zionist] workers’ settlements surrounding every Hebrew city and town, land and human bridge that would link isolated points’ and which would be capable of enforcing the doctrine of exclusive ‘Hebrew labour’ (‘avoda ‘ivrit) and ‘Hebrew soil’ (adama ‘ivrit) (Masalha 1992: 24‒25).

Garchi chuqur dunyoviy bo‘lsa-da, Ben-Gurionning sionizmi vaqti-vaqti bilan yahudiy dinini va yahudiy "etnik" o‘ziga xosligini ta'kidlab, qadimgi Isroil va Injildagi janglar kultini hamda afsonalarini targ‘ib qildi, deyarli o‘lib ketgan deb hisoblangan ibroniy tilining qayta tiklanishiga ko‘maklashdi, kuchli armiyani barpo etdi, "etnik" jihatdan eksklyuziv, "sof" koloniya bo‘lgan Yishuvni "Temir devor" bilan o‘rab oldi (Shlaim 2000; Masalha 2000) hamda Falastin zaminida siyosiy mustaqillik va hududiy kengayish uchun shafqatsiz kurash olib bordi. Isroillik siyosiy geograflar Maoz Azaryahu va Arnon Golan "(Qayta) nomlash landshafti: Isroilning ibroniycha xaritasining shakllanishi, 1949–1960" nomli maqolasida shunday yozadilar:

Although deeply secular, Ben-Gurion’s Zionism instrumentally emphasised Jewish religion and Jewish ‘ethnicity’, promoted the cult and mythologies of ancient Israel and biblical battles, promoted the revival of a seemingly dead language, Hebrew, built up what became a powerful army, surrounded its ‘ethnically’ exclusive, ‘pure’ colony, the Yishuv, with an ‘Iron Wall’ (Shlaim 2000; Masalha 2000) and waged a bitter struggle for political independence and territorial expansion throughout the land of Palestine. In an article entitled: ‘(Re)naming the Landscape: The Formation of the Hebrew Map of Israel 1949–1960’, Israeli political geographers Maoz Azaryahu and Arnon Golan write:

Hebrew, as the language and culture of national revival, was also given great importance in the emphasis on the purity of Hebrew and in procedures for Hebraicization. Hebraicization included the introduction of Hebrew nomenclature in various fields of scientific knowledge, for example botany or zoology. Of special political significance, and with far-reaching personal consequences, was the Hebraicization of the family names of Jewish immigrants. This measure belonged to the construction of a new Hebrew identity. In the first years of Israeli independence, Ben-Gurion, the founding father of modern Israel, used his authority to promote Hebrew family names. In his capacity as Defence Minister, he made the Hebraicization of family names obligatory for Israeli officials serving in representative positions, for example high-ranking army officers and diplomats. (Azaryahu and Golan 2001: 182)

The importance assigned to Hebrew as the language and culture of national revival was also manifest in the emphasis upon Hebrew purity and Hebraicization procedures. Hebraicization included the introduction of Hebrew nomenclatures in various fields of scientific knowledge e.g. botany or zoology. Of special political bearing and with far reaching personal consequences was the Hebraicization of family names of Jewish immigrants. This measure belonged to the construction of a new Hebrew identity. In the first years of Israeli independence, Ben-Gurion, the founding father of modern Israel, used his authority to promote Hebrew family names. In his capacity as a Defence Minister, he made the Hebraicization of family names obligatory for Israeli officials serving in representative positions e.g. high ranking army officers and diplomats. (Azaryahu and Golan 2001: 182)

Antroponomastika (yoki antroponimika) — shaxs nomlarini o‘rganuvchi fan.

Anthroponomastics (or anthroponymy) is the study of personal names.

Sionistik toponimik va antroponimik loyihalar Falastindagi sionistik aholi-mustamlakachilik strategiyalarining markazida turardi. Bularga mamlakatni ivriylashtirish, Injilga xoslashtirish va yahudiylashtirish, shuningdek, o'zini mahalliylashtirish va o'zini qadimiylashtirish kabi jarayonlar kiradi. Allon (emon; arabcha:

Zionist toponymic and anthroponymic projects were central to Zionist settler-colonisation strategies in Palestine and these included not only Hebrewisation, biblicisation and Judaisation of the country, but also self-indigenisation, self-antiquation. Personal names such Allon (oak; Arabic:

ballut) va Aloni (mening emanim) Sionistik ko‘chmanchilarning mahalliylashtirish strategiyalarida juda mashhur bo‘ldi. "Falastin emani" (بلوط فلسطين, Quercus Calliprinos) va Pistacia Palaestina xalqaro miqyosda mashhur, Falastin, sharqiy O‘rta er dengizi mintaqasi va Levantda (ayniqsa Falastin, Suriya va Livanda) keng tarqalgan mahalliy daraxtlardir. "Pistacia Palaestina" Galiliya manzarasiga yorqin qizil rang bag‘ishlaydi. Hozirgi Falastinda uchraydigan uch turdagi emanning ichida eng ko‘p tarqalgani "tikanli doimiy yashil emon" (Quercus Coccifera)dir. U Falastinning toshloq tepaliklarini zich butazor daraxtlar bilan qoplaydi. Ko‘p asrlar davomida urug‘ sepishga tayyorlashda yoki tuproqni yumshatish yoki ag‘darish uchun ishlatiladigan an’anaviy falastin omoch emon yog‘ochidan yasalgan. Falastin zaytuni singari, "Falastin emani" ham Falastin va falastinliklar hayotining muhim ramzlaridan biridir.

ballut) and Aloni (my oak) became very popular in Zionist settlers’ indigenising strategies. ‘Palestine Oak’ ( بلوط فلسطين , Quercus Calliprinos) and Pistacia Palaestina are internationally famous, indigenous trees common to Palestine, the eastern Mediterranean region and the Levant (especially Palestine, Syria and Lebanon). ‘Pistacia Palaestina’ adds brilliant red to the Galilee landscape. Of the three species of oak found in modern Palestine, the ‘prickly evergreen oak’ (Quercus Coccifera) is the most abundant. It covers the rocky hills of Palestine with dense brushwood of trees. And for many centuries the traditional Palestinian plough, used in preparation for sowing seeds or to loosen or turn the soil, was made of oak wood. Like the Palestinian olive tree, ‘Oak Palestine’ is another key symbol of Palestine and Palestinian life.

Falastin archa daraxti Falastin bolalar hikoyalarida va umuman Falastin madaniy xotirasi hamda xalq og'zaki ijodida muhim o'rin tutgan.

The oak tree of Palestine played a major part in Palestinian stories for children and generally in Palestinian cultural memory and folklore.

Within the Zionist strategies, there is a long list of Zionist leaders who formally changed their names from Russian and East European to Hebrew-sounding names. Many changed their names following Ben-Gurion’s military directives after the establishment of Israel in 1948. While only a small minority of East European Jews who had migrated to the US or Britain chose voluntarily to anglicise their names, members of almost the entire Zionist elite of Israel were pressurised after May 1948 to change their European names to ‘authentic’-sounding biblical ones. In fact this intense pressure was applied almost immediately after the establishment of Israel in May 1948. It was applied top down by Prime Minister and Defence Minister David Ben-Gurion, who effectively ordered all senior officers of the Israeli army to change their European surnames. Yigael Sukenik, chief of operations and acting chief of staff of the army in 1948, was the first to comply: ‘On June 28, 1948, Ben-Gurion swore in the members of the IDF high command, insisting that each one adopted a Hebrew last name. Since most chose their Haganah code names, Yigael Sukenik became Yigael Yadin’ (Pasachoff 1997: 220).

Within the Zionist strategies, there is a long list of Zionist leaders who formally changed their names from Russian and East European to Hebrew-sounding names. Many changed their names following Ben- Gurion’s military directives after the establishment of Israel in 1948. While only a small minority of East European Jews who had migrated to the US or Britain chose voluntarily to anglicise their names, members of almost the entire Zionist elite of Israel were pressurised after May 1948 to change their European names to ‘authentic’-sounding biblical ones. In fact this intense pressure was applied almost immediately after the establishment of Israel in May 1948. It was applied top down by Prime Minister and Defence Minister David Ben-Gurion, who effectively ordered all senior officers of the Israeli army to change their European surnames. Yigael Sukenik, chief of operations and acting chief of staff of the army in 1948, was the first to comply: ‘On June 28, 1948, Ben-Gurion swore in the members of the IDF high command, insisting that each one adopted a Hebrew last name. Since most chose their Haganah code names, Yigael Sukenik became Yigael Yadin’ (Pasachoff 1997: 220).

Quyidagi biblizatsiya ro'yxatiga Isroilning deyarli butun siyosiy, harbiy va intellektual elitasi kiradi — chap, o'ng va markaziy yo'nalishdagilar.

The following biblicisation list includes almost the entire political, military and intellectual Israeli elite, left, right and centre:

• Devid Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), Isroilning Bosh vaziri va Mudofaa vaziri, 1948 yildan keyin armiyadan umumiy ravishda ibroiylashtirish va oila hamda shaxsiy ismlarni tozalash uchun foydalangan. U Rossiyada Devid Grün nomi bilan tug'ilgan; onasining ismi Sheindel edi, Rossiyada tug'ilgan rafiqasi esa Nyu-Yorkda u bilan tanishib turmush qurganda Pauline Munweis deb atalgan (keyinchalik ismini Paula deb o'zgartirgan).

• David Ben-Gurion (1886–1973), Israeli Prime Minister and Defence Minister, used the Israeli army after 1948 to impose general Hebraicisation and purification of family and personal names. He was born David Grün in Russia; his mother was called Scheindel and his Russian-born wife was called Pauline Munweis when she met and married him in New York (she later changed her name to Paula).

Mosheh Sharett 1894-yilda Rossiyada Moshe Shertok nomi bilan tug'ilgan; u 1948-yilda Isroilning tashqi ishlar vaziri bo'ldi; 1949-yilda, Isroil davlati tashkil topgandan so'ng, o'z familiyasini ivrit tiliga moslashtirishni tanladi.

• Moshe Sharett was born Moshe Shertok in Russia in 1894; he became Israel’s Foreign Minister in 1948; he chose to Hebraicise his last name in 1949, following the creation of the State of Israel.

Golda Meir 1898 yilda Kiyevda Golda Mabovitch nomi bilan tug'ilgan; keyinchalik u Golda Meyerson deb atalgan. Qiziqarli tomoni shundaki, u familiyasini ibroniy tiliga moslashtirgan, bu 1956 yilda tashqi ishlar vaziri bo'lganidan keyin sodir bo'lgan. U 1969–1974 yillarda Bosh vazir bo'lgan.

• Golda Meir was born Golda Mabovitch in Kiev in 1898; later called Golda Meyerson. Interestingly, she Hebraicised her last name only after she became Foreign Minister in 1956; she was Prime Minister 1969–1974.

• Yitzhak Shamir27 1915-yilda Sharqiy Polshada Icchak Jeziernicky nomi bilan tug'ilgan; u 1981–1982-yillarda Tashqi ishlar vaziri, 1983–1984 va 1988–1992-yillarda esa Bosh vazir bo'lgan.

• Yitzhak Shamir27 was born Icchak Jeziernicky in Eastern Poland in 1915; he was Foreign Minister 1981–1982 and Prime Minister 1983–1984 and 1988–1992.

Ariel Sharon 1928 yilda mustamlaka Falastinda Ariel Scheinermann nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Ariel Sharon was born Ariel Scheinermann in colonial Palestine in 1928

(Shmuel va Vera bilan, keyinchalik Dvora deb ivritlashtirilgan, Rossiyadan Falastinga ko'chib kelgan muhojirlar); u 2001–2006 yillarda Bosh vazir bo'lgan.

(to Shmuel and Vera, later Hebraicised to Dvora, immigrants to Palestine from Russia); he was Prime Minister 2001–2006.

• Yitzhak Ben-Tzvi 1884-yilda Ukrainada Yitzhak Shimshelevich sifatida tug'ilgan, otasi Tzvi Shimshelevich bo'lib, keyinchalik u Tzvi Shimshi ismini olgan; u Isroilning ikkinchi prezidenti bo'lgan.

• Yitzhak Ben-Tzvi was born in 1884 in the Ukraine as Yitzhak Shimshelevich, the son of Tzvi Shimshelevich, who later took the name Tzvi Shimshi; he was the second President of Israel.

• Yigal Allon, 1948-yilda Palmax qo'mondoni va keyinchalik Isroil Bosh vaziri vazifasini vaqtincha bajargan shaxs, Peykovits Yigal nomi bilan Masha (Kfar Tavor) posyolkasida tug'ilgan. Uning otasi 1890-yilda Sharqiy Yevropadan Falastinga ko'chib kelgan.

• Yigal Allon, Commander of the Palmah in 1948 and later acting Prime Minister of Israel, was born Yigal Peikowitz in the settlement of Masha (Kfar Tavor). His father immigrated to Palestine from Eastern Europe in 1890.

• Hozirgi hukmron Likud partiyasining asoschisi va Isroilning oltinchi Bosh vaziri Menaxem Begin Rossiya imperiyasining tarkibida bo‘lgan Brest-Litovsk shahrida Mieczysław Biegun ismi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Menahem Begin, the founder of the current ruling Likud party and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel, was born in Brest-Liovsk, then part of the Russian Empire, as Mieczysław Biegun.

• Yitzhak Ben-Tzvining rafiqasi Rahel Yanait Ukrainada Golda Lishanskiy sifatida tug'ilgan va 1908-yilda Falastinga ko'chib kelgan. U mehnatkash sionizm yetakchisi bo'lgan hamda 1967-yilda Katta Isroil Yerlari harakatining asoschilaridan biri bo'lgan.

• Yitzhak Ben-Tzvi’s wife, Rahel Yanait, born in the Ukraine as Golda Lishansky and immigrated to Palestine in 1908. She was a labour Zionist leader and a co-founder of the Greater Land of Israel Movement in 1967.

Ko‘rinishidan, u o‘z ismini Rahel Yanayt deb ivrit tiliga moslashtirgan, bu bilan Hasmoniy shohi Aleksandr Yannay (yunoncha shaklda Aleksandr Yannay) (miloddan avvalgi 126–76 yillar) xotirasini abadiylashtirgan. U hududlarni kengaytirishga intilgan hukmdor bo‘lib, yigirma yetti yillik hukmronligi davomida deyarli doimiy harbiy to‘qnashuvlarda ishtirok etgan hamda Hasmoniylar shohligini kengaytirgan. Uning Britaniya mandat davrida tug‘ilgan ikki o‘g‘liga Muqaddas Kitobdagi ismlar berilgan: Musо va Horun payg‘ambarlarning otasi nomi bilan atalgan Amram va bosh ruhoniy Eli nomi bilan atalgan Eli.

Apparently she Hebraicised her name to Rahel Yanait in memory of the Hasmonean King Alexander Jannaeus (Hellenised name of Alexander Yannai) (126–76 BC), a territorial expansionist, who during a twenty-seven- year reign was almost constantly involved in military conflict and who enlarged the Hasmonean Kingdom. Her two sons, born during the British Mandatory period, were given biblical names: Amram, named after the father of Moses and Aaron, and Eli, named after the High Priest Eli.

Levi Eshkol 1895-yilda Ukrainada Levi Skolnik nomi bilan tug'ilgan; u 1963–1999-yillarda Isroilning uchinchi Bosh vaziri bo'lgan.

• Levi Eshkol was born in the Ukraine in 1895 as Levi Skolnik; he was Israel’s third Prime Minister, 1963–1999.

Pinhas Lavon (1904–1976) Ukrainada hozirgi nomi bilan ataladigan hududda Pinhas Lubianiker nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1929 yilda Falastinga ko'chib kelgan; 1954 yilda mudofaa vaziri bo'lgan, shuningdek mehnat yetakchisi bo'lgan.

• Pinhas Lavon (1904–1976) was born Pinhas Lubianiker in what is now Ukraine and moved to Palestine in 1929; he was Defence Minister in 1954 and labour leader.

• Yitzhak Ben-Aharon (1906–2006) — Isroil siyosatchisi bo‘lib, Histadrut bosh kotibi lavozimini egallagan va vazirlar mahkamasida o‘rin olgan. U hozirgi Ruminiya hududida Yitzhak Nussenbaum nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1928-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Yitzhak Ben-Aharon (1906–2006) was an Israeli politician who became a general secretary of the Histadrut and held a cabinet post. He was born Yitzhak Nussenbaum in what is today Romania and immigrated to Palestine in 1928.

• Dov Yosef (1899‒1980, Isroilning Mehnat partiyasi siyosatchisi bo‘lib, to‘qqizta Isroil hukumatida vazir lavozimlarida ishlagan, Kanadaning Monreal shahrida Bernard Juzef nomi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Dov Yosef (1899‒1980, an Israeli Labour politician who held ministerial positions in nine Israeli governments, was born Bernard Joseph in Montreal, Canada.

Devid Remez 1886 yilda Belarusda Devid Drabkin sifatida tug'ilgan; u Isroilning birinchi transport vaziri bo'lgan.

• David Remez was born David Drabkin in Belarus in 1886; he was Israel’s first Minister of Transportation.

• Zalman Shazar, Isroilning uchinchi Prezidenti (1963-yildan 1973-yilgacha), 1921-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan, Rossiya imperiyasida Shneur Zalman Rubashov nomi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Zalman Shazar, the third President of Israel (from 1963 to 1973), who immigrated to Palestine in 1921, was born in the Russian empire as Shneur Zalman Rubashov.

• Pinxas Rutenberg (1879–1942), taniqli sionist rahbar va Falastin Elektr kompaniyasining asoschisi, keyinchalik u Isroil Elektr korporatsiyasiga aylangan, Ukrainada Pyotr Moiseyevich Rutenberg nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Pinhas Rutenberg (1879–1942), a prominent Zionist leader and the founder of the Palestine Electric Company, which became the Israel Electric Corporation, was born in the Ukraine as Pyotr Moiseyevich Rutenberg.

• Avraham Granot (1890–1962), Yahudiy milliy fondi (Jewish National Fund) bosh direktori va keyinchalik uning kengashi raisi, bugungi Moldovada Abraham Granovskiy nomi bilan tug‘ilgan; u 1948-yildan keyin ismini o‘zgartirgan.

• Avraham Granot (1890–1962), Director-General of the Jewish National Fund and later chairman of its board, was born in today’s Moldova as Abraham Granovsky; he changed his name after 1948.

Fayge Ilanit (1909‒2002) — Rossiya imperiyasida Fayge Hindes nomi bilan, Sharaga Hindes va Hannah Shkopning farzandi sifatida tug‘ilgan isroillik Mapam siyosatchisi. U 1929-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Fayge Ilanit (1909‒2002) was an Israeli Mapam politician born in the Russian Empire as Fayge Hindes, to Sharaga Hindes and Hannah Shkop. She immigrated to Palestine in 1929.

Shimon Peres 1923 yilda Polshada Szymon Perski nomi bilan tug'ilgan; u Isroilning sakkizinchi Bosh vaziri bo'lgan va 2007 yilda uning to'qqizinchi Prezidenti etib saylangan.

• Shimon Peres was born in Poland in 1923 as Szymon Perski; he was Israel’s eighth Prime Minister and in 2007 was elected as its ninth President.

• O‘ng qanot rus sionistlari yetakchisi Zeev Jabotinskiy (1880–1940), revizionist sionizm asoschisi, Mandat davrida o‘z ismini Vladimir Yevgenyevich Jabotinskiydan o‘zgartirdi va yirtqich nom tanladi: Zeev («bo‘ri»).

• Right-wing Russian Zionist leader Zeev Jabotinsky (1880–1940), the founder of Revisionist Zionism, changed his name from Vladimir Yevgenyevich Zhabotinsky during the Mandatory period, choosing a predatory name: Zeev (‘wolf ’).

• Taniqli mehnat yetakchisi Xaim Arlozorov (1899–1933) tug'ilganda Vitaliy Arlozorov nomi bilan atalgan.

• Prominent Labour leader Haim Arlozoroff (1899–1933) was born Vitaly Arlozoroff.

• General Yigael Yadin (1917–1984), armiyaning ikkinchi shtab boshlig‘i va Isroil bibliya arxeologiyasining asoschilaridan biri, asli Yigal Sukenik deb tug‘ilgan; 1948-yil maydan keyin Ben-Gurion uni familiyasini o‘zgartirishga buyurgan.

• General Yigael Yadin (1917–1984), the army’s second chief of staff and a founding father of Israeli biblical archaeology, was born Yigal Sukenik; he was ordered to change his surname by Ben-Gurion after May 1948.

• Eliahu Elat (1903–1990) — Isroil diplomati va sharqshunosi, Isroilning Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlaridagi birinchi elchisi, asli ismi Eliahu Epstein bo‘lib, Rossiyada tug‘ilgan va 1924-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Eliahu Elat (1903–1990), an Israeli diplomat and Orientalist and the first Israeli ambassador to the United States, was born Eliahu Epstein in Russia and immigrated to Palestine in 1924.

Yisrael Galili (1911‒1986) — Isroil hukumatining vaziri edi. 1948 yilgacha u Hagana tashkilotining shtab boshlig'i vazifasida ishlagan. U hozirgi Ukraina hududida Yisrael Berchenko nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Yisrael Galili (1911‒1986) was an Israeli government minister. Before 1948 he had served as chief of staff of the Haganah. He was born Yisrael Berchenko in today’s Ukraine.

• Meir Amit (1921–2009) — Isroil siyosatchisi va vazir, 1963 yildan 1968 yilgacha Mossad rahbari bo‘lgan. U Mandat davridagi Falastinda, Rossiyadan kelgan ko‘chmanchi ota-onada Meir Slutskiy nomi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Meir Amit (1921–2009) was an Israeli politician and cabinet minister and head of the Mossad from 1963 to 1968. He was born in Mandatory Palestine as Meir Slutsky to settler parents from Russia.

• Meir Argov (1905–1963), Isroil siyosatchisi va Isroil Mustaqillik Deklaratsiyasining imzolovchilaridan biri, Moldova (o'sha paytda Rossiya imperiyasi)da Meyer Grabovskiy nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1948 yildan keyin ismini o'zgartirgan.

• Meir Argov (1905–1963), Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence, was born Meyer Grabovsky born in Moldova (then Russian empire) and changed his name after 1948.

• Pinhas Rosen (1887‒1978), Isroilning birinchi adliya vaziri va Isroil Mustaqillik deklaratsiyasini imzolagan shaxs, nemis tilida Felix Rosenbluth nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1948 yildan keyin ismini o‘zgartirgan.

• Pinhas Rosen (1887‒1978), the first Israeli Minister of Justice and a signatory to the Israeli Declaration of Independence, was born in German as Felix Rosenbluth and changed his name after 1948.

• Abba Hushi (1898–1969) — Isroil siyosatchisi va Haifa shahrining uch yildan ko‘proq vaqt davomida, aniqrog‘i o‘n sakkiz yil meri bo‘lgan shaxs; u Polshada Abba Schneller (Aba Khoushy deb ham) nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1920 yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Abba Hushi (1898–1969), an Israeli politician and mayor of Haifa for eighteen years, was born Abba Schneller (also Aba Khoushy) in Poland and immigrated to Palestine in 1920.

Mordechai Bentov (1900‒1985) — siyosatchi va vazir.

• Mordechai Bentov (1900‒1985) was a politician and cabinet minister.

U Rossiya imperiyasida Mordexay Gutgeld nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1920-yilda Falastinga ko'chib ketgan.

He was born in the Russian Empire as Mordechai Gutgeld and immigrated to Palestine in 1920.

Peretz Bernstein (1890‒1971) — sionistik yetakchi, isroillik siyosatchi va 1948 yilda Isroil Mustaqillik deklaratsiyasini imzolagan shaxslardan biri. U Germaniyada Fritz Bernstein nomi bilan tug'ilgan, 1936 yilda Falastinga ko'chib kelgan va Isroil davlati tashkil topgandan keyin ismini o'zgartirgan.

• Peretz Bernstein (1890‒1971) was a Zionist leader, Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. He was born in Germany as Fritz Bernstein, immigrated to Palestine in 1936 and changed his name after the establishment of Israel.

• Avraham Granot (1890–1962), Isroil siyosatchisi, JNF Direktorlar kengashining raisi va Isroil Mustaqillik e'lonining imzolovchilaridan biri, hozirgi Moldova hududida Abraham Granovskiy nomi bilan tug'ilgan; u 1924-yilda Falastinga ko'chib kelgan va 1948-yildan keyin ismini o'zgartirgan.

• Avraham Granot (1890–1962), Israeli politician, chairman of the JNF Board of Directors and a signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence, was born in (today) Moldova as Abraham Granovsky; he immigrated to Palestine in 1924, and changed his name after 1948.

• Mordexay Bentov (1900‒1985), Isroillik jurnalist va siyosatchi, Polshada Mordexay Gutgeld nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va Mandat davrida Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Mordechai Bentov (1900‒1985), Israeli journalist and politician, was born Mordechai Gutgeld in Poland and immigrated to Palestine in the Mandatory period.

• Herzl Vardi (1903–1991), Isroil siyosatchisi, Isroil Mustaqillik e'lonining imzolovchilaridan biri va Isroilning "Yediot Aharonot" kundaligi muharriri, Litvada Herzl Rozenblum nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1948 yildan keyin ismini o'zgartirgan.

• Herzl Vardi (1903–1991), Israeli politician, a signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence and editor of the Israeli daily Yediot Aharonot, was born Herzl Rosenblum in Lithuania and changed his name after 1948.

• Professor Benyamin Mazar, Isroil bibliya arxeologiyasining asoschilaridan biri, Polshada Benyamin Maysler sifatida tug‘ilgan va Germaniyada ta’lim olgan; u 1929-yilda mustamlakachi Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan va ismini ibroiylashtirgan.

• Professor Benyamin Mazar, co-founder of Israeli biblical archaeology, was born Benyamin Maisler in Poland and was educated in Germany; he immigrated to colonial Palestine in 1929 and Hebraicised his name.

• Yitzhak Sadeh (1890–1952), Haganah zarba kuchi — Palmah qo‘mondoni va 1948-yildagi asosiy armiya qo‘mondonlaridan biri, Rossiyada Isaac Landsberg nomi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Yitzhak Sadeh (1890–1952), commander of the Haganah’s strike force, the Palmah, and one of the key army commanders in 1948, was born in Russia as Isaac Landsberg.

General Yitzhak Rabin, Isroilning birinchi mahalliy tug'ilgan Bosh vaziri, 1974–1977 va 1992–1995 yillarda, Quddusda Ukrainadan kelgan siyonist muhojir oilasida Nexemiya Rubitzov nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• General Yitzhak Rabin, the first native-born Israeli Prime Minister, 1974–1977 and 1992–1995, was born Nehemiah Rubitzov in Jerusalem to a Zionist settler from the Ukraine.

General Yigal Allon (1918–1980), 1948-yilda Palmax qo'mondoni, hukumat vaziri va Isroilning vaqtincha Bosh vaziri, Allon rejasining muallifi sifatida eng yaxshi tanilgan, Falastinda Yigal Paykovich nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• General Yigal Allon (1918–1980), commander of the Palmah in 1948, government minister and acting Prime Minister of Israel, best known as the architect of the Allon Plan, was born in Palestine as Yigal Paicovitch.

Uning bobosi 1880-yillarda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan dastlabki Sharqiy Yevropalik muhojirlardan biri edi. 1948-yilda Isroil davlati e’lon qilingandan so‘ng u ismini ibroniycha Allon (“emon” daraxti) deb o‘zgartirdi.

His grandfather was one of the early East European settlers who immigrated to Palestine in the 1880s. After Israel was proclaimed in 1948 he changed his name to the Hebrew Allon (‘oak’ tree).

• Efraim Katsir (1916–2009), Isroilning to‘rtinchi prezidenti (1973–1978), Yehuda va Tsila Katchalskining o‘g‘li bo‘lib, Kiyevda Efraim Katchalski nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1925-yilda Britaniya mandati ostidagi Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Ephraim Katzir (1916–2009), the fourth President of Israel from 1973 to 1978, was born Efraim Katchalski, son of Yehuda and Tzila Katchalski, in Kiev and immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1925.

• Abba Eban (1915‒2002), Isroil tashqi ishlar vaziri va bosh vazir o‘rinbosari, Keyp-Taunda (Janubiy Afrika) litva yahudiy ota-onasidan Aubrey Solomon Meir Eban nomi bilan tug‘ilgan; 1947-yilda Mandat Falastinga ko‘chib kelganidan so‘ng, ismini Abba deb o‘zgartirgan (ibroniycha:

• Abba Eban (1915‒2002), Israeli Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, was born Aubrey Solomon Meir Eban in Cape Town, South Africa, to Lithuanian Jewish parents; in 1947, after immigrating to Mandatory Palestine, he changed his first name to Abba (Hebrew:

Ota) Solomon Meir Eban.

father) Solomon Meir Eban.

Umumiy Tzvi Tzur (1923–2004), Isroil armiyasining oltinchi shtab boshlig'i, Sovet Ittifoqidagi Zaslavda Czera Czertenko nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• General Tzvi Tzur (1923–2004), the Israeli army’s sixth chief of staff, was born in the Zaslav in the Soviet Union as Czera Czertenko.

General Haim Bar-Lev, 1968–1971 yillarda armiya shtabi boshlig'i va keyinchalik hukumat vaziri bo'lgan, 1924 yilda Venada Haim Brotzlewsky nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• General Haim Bar-Lev, army chief of staff in 1968–1971 and later a government minister, was born Haim Brotzlewsky in Vienna in 1924.

• Ben-Tzion Dinur (1884–1973), Isroilning 1950-yillardagi Ta'lim va madaniyat vaziri, Ukrainada Ben-Tsion Dinaburg nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1921-yilda Falastinga ko'chib kelgan.

• Ben-Tzion Dinur (1884–1973), Israel’s Minister of Education and Culture in the 1950s, was born Ben-Tzion Dinaburg in the Ukraine and immigrated to Palestine in 1921.

Isroilda 1950-yilda Moshe Smilanskiy nomi bilan tug'ilgan general Moshe Ya'alon, Isroil armiyasining sobiq bosh shtab boshlig'i.

• General Moshe Ya’alon, former army chief of staff, was born in Israel in 1950 as Moshe Smilansky.

• Taniqli isroil yozuvchisi va jurnalisti Amos Elon (1926–2009) Venada Amos Shternbax nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Prominent Israeli author and journalist Amos Elon (1926–2009) was born in Vienna as Amos Sternbach.

• Yisrael Bar-Yehuda (1895–1965) — Isroil Bar-Yehuda, ishchi partiyasining Isroil siyosatchisi bo‘lib, bir qator vazirlik lavozimlarida ishlagan; u Ukrainaning hozirgi hududida Yisrael Idelson sifatida tug‘ilgan va 1926-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Yisrael Bar-Yehuda (1895–1965) was an Israeli labour politician who held a number of ministerial posts; he was born Yisrael Idelson in present-day Ukraine and immigrated to Palestine in 1926.

Izroilning yetakchi romannavisi Amoz Oz 1939 yilda Mandat Falastinida Amos Klausner nomi bilan tug'ilgan. Uning ota-onasi, Yehuda Klausner va Fania Mussman, Sharqiy Yevropadan Mandat Falastiniga kelgan sionistik muhojirlar edi.

• Israel’s leading novelist Amoz Oz was born in Mandatory Palestine in 1939 as Amos Klausner. His parents, Yehuda Klausner and Fania Mussman, were Zionist immigrants to Mandatory Palestine from Eastern Europe.

• Gershom Scholem — nemis tug'ilgan yahudiy faylasufi va tarixchisi, Kabbala (yahudiy tasavvufi) ni zamonaviy akademik o'rganishning asoschisi. U Mandat Falastiniga 1923-yilda ko'chib ketgach, ismini Gerhard Scholemdan Gershom Scholemga o'zgartirgan.

• Gershom Scholem, a German-born Jewish philosopher and historian and the founder of the modern academic study of Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism), was born Gerhard Scholem; he changed his name to Gershom Scholem after he emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1923.

• Moshe Kol (1911‒1989), Isroil siyosatchisi va Isroil Mustaqillik Deklaratsiyasini imzolagan shaxs, Rossiya imperiyasidagi Pinsk shahrida Moshe Kolodniy nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1948 yildan keyin ismini o'zgartirgan.

• Moshe Kol (1911‒1989), Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence, was born Moshe Kolodny in Pinsk (Russian Empire) and changed his name after 1948.

• Avraham Nissan — Mandat davridagi Falastinda sionistik siyosiy arbob bo‘lib, 1948-yilda Isroil mustaqillik deklaratsiyasini imzolagan. U 1888-yilda hozirgi Belarus hududida Avraham Kats­nelson nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1948-yildan keyin ismini o‘zgartirgan.

• Avraham Nissan was a Zionist political figure in Mandatory Palestine and a signatory to the Israeli Independence Declaration in 1948: He was born Avraham Katznelson in 1888 in what is now Belarus and changed his name after 1948.

• Tsvi Shiloah (1911–2000), Isroil Mehnat (Mapai) siyosatchisi, 1967 yildan keyin Butun Isroil yerlari harakatiga asos solganlardan biri bo‘lgan va 1980-yillarda Tehiya partiyasidan Knesset a’zosi bo‘lib xizmat qilgan, Ukrainada Tsvi Langsam nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1932 yilda Mandat davridagi Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Tzvi Shiloah (1911‒2000), an Israeli Labour (Mapai) politician, who was one of the founders of the Whole Land of Israel Movement after 1967 and served as a member of the Knesset for Tehiya in the 1980s, was born Tzvi Langsam in the Ukraine and immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1932.

• Ben-Tsion Shternberg (1894–1962), Isroil Mustaqillik deklaratsiyasining imzolovchisi va sionistik faol bo'lib, Avstriya-Vengriya imperiyasida Benno Shternberg nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Ben-Tzion Sternberg (1894–1962), a Zionist activist and a signatory to the Israeli Declaration of Independence, was born Benno Sternberg in the Austro-Hungarian empire.

• Yigal Tumarkin, Tel-Avivdagi Holokost xotirasi haykali bilan tanilgan nemis tug'ilgan isroillik rassom, 1993 yilda Drezdenda Peter Martin Gregor Heinrich Hellberg nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Yigal Tumarkin, a German-born Israeli artist known for his memorial sculpture of the Holocaust in Tel Aviv, was born in Dresden in 1993 as Peter Martin Gregor Heinrich Hellberg.

• Isroilning eng buyuk shoiri Yehuda Amixay (1924–2000) (ivritcha “Xalqimni tirik deb maqta” ma’nosida) Germaniyada Ludvig Pfoyffer nomi bilan tug‘ilgan. U 1935-yilda mustamlaka Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan va keyinchalik Palmax hamda Hagana tashkilotlariga qo‘shilgan. 1947-yilda u hali ham Yehuda Pfoyffer nomi bilan tanilgan edi.

• Israel’s greatest poet, Yehuda Amichai (1924–2000) (Hebrew for ‘Praise my people alive’), was born in Germany as Ludwig Pfeuffer. He immigrated to colonial Palestine in 1935 and subsequently joined the Palmah and the Haganah. In 1947 he was still known as Yehuda Pfeuffer.

Amos Kenan (1927–2009), Tel-Avivda 1927-yilda Amos Levine nomi bilan tug‘ilgan isroilllik kolumnist va romanchi bo‘lib, 1948-yildan keyin familiyasini o‘zgartirgan.

• Amos Kenan (1927–2009), an Israeli columnist and novelist, was born Amos Levine in Tel Aviv in 1927 and changed his family name after 1948.

• Peretz Bernstein (1890–1971), Isroil siyosatchisi va 1948 yil may oyida Isroil Mustaqillik e'lonini imzolagan shaxslardan biri, Germaniyada Fritz Bernstein nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1948 yildan keyin ismini o'zgartirgan.

• Peretz Bernstein (1890–1971), Israeli politician and one of the signatories of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in May 1948, was born in Germany as Fritz Bernstein and changed his name after 1948.

Isroildagi yahudiy kommunistik yetakchisi Meir Vilner (1918–2003) siyosiy faoliyatini sionistik chap qanot guruhi Hashmer Hatzairning yetakchilaridan biri sifatida boshlagan. U 1948 yil may oyida Isroil Mustaqillik deklaratsiyasini imzolagan va o'sha paytda Meir Vilner-Kovner nomi bilan tanilgan. Litvada Ber Kovner nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1930-yillarning oxirida Falastinga ko'chib kelgan.

• Israeli Jewish communist leader, Meir Vilner (1918–2003), who began his political life as one of the leaders of the Zionist left‑wing group Hashmer Hatzair and became a signatory to the Israeli Declaration of Independence in May 1948 under the name Meir Vilner‑Kovner, was born Ber Kovner in Lithuania and immigrated to Palestine in the late 1930s.

• Abba Kovner, Meir Vilner-Kovnerning amakivachchasi, Qrim shahri Sevastopolda tug‘ilgan, mashhur isroillik sionist shoir edi. Abba Kovnerning onasi Rosa Taubman Falastinga ko‘chib kelganidan so‘ng ismini Rachel Kovnerga o‘zgartirgan.

• Abba Kovner, Meir Vilner‑Kovner’s cousin, was a well‑known Israeli Zionist poet born in the Crimean city of Sevastopol. Abba Kovner’s mother, Rosa Taubman changed her name to Rachel Kovner after immigrating to Palestine.

• Yaʼqov Zerubavel — sionist yozuvchisi, noshiri va Poale Tsion harakatining yetakchilaridan biri, Ukrainada Yaʼqov Vitkin nomi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Ya’akov Zerubavel, Zionist writer, publisher and one of the leaders of the Poale Tzion movement, was born Ya’akov Vitkin in the Ukraine.

• Tarixchi Ben-Tsion Netanyaxu, Qo'shma Shtatlarga ko'chib kelgan polshalik muhojir va hozirgi Isroil Bosh vaziri Benyamin (Milekovskiy) Netanyaxuning otasi, 1910 yilda Polshada Ben-Tsion ("Sion o'g'li") Milekovskiy nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Historian Ben-Tzion Netanyahu, a Polish immigrant to the United States and the father of the current Israeli Prime Minister, Benyamin (Miliekowsky) Netanyahu, was born in Poland as Ben-Tzion (‘son of Zion’) Mileikowsky in 1910.

• Reuven Aloni (1919–1988), Isroil yer boshqarmasining asoschisi, Isroilda yerni boshqarish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Isroil hukumat idorasi, Isroildagi yerning 93 foizini boshqaradi, Reuven Rolanitzki nomi bilan tug'ilgan.

• Reuven Aloni (1919–1988), founder of the Israel Land Administration, an Israeli government authority responsible for managing land in Israel which manages 93% of the land in Israel, was born Reuven Rolanitzki.

U ham Shulamit Aloni, asli ismi Shulamit Adler, ning eri edi.

He was also the husband of Shulamit Aloni, born Shulamit Adler.

• Shulamit Aloni (1928–2014), asli ismi Shulamit Adler, Isroil siyosatchisi bo‘lib, Meretz partiyasining rahbari edi hamda 1992–1993 yillarda Ta’lim vaziri lavozimida ishlagan. Adlerning otasi Polshalik oiladan kelib chiqqan.

• Shulamit Aloni (1928–2014), born Shulamit Adler, was an Israeli politician and leader of the Meretz party and served as Education Minister from 1992 to 1993. Adler’s father descended from a Polish family.

• Yosef Aharon Almogi (1910–1991) — Mehnat partiyasining siyosatchisi, 1955 yildan 1977 yilgacha Knessetning a'zosi bo‘lgan va bir necha vazirlik lavozimlarida ishlagan. U Rossiya imperiyasida (hozirgi Polshada) Josef Karlenboim nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1930 yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Yosef Aharon Almogi (1910–1991), a Labour politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1955 and 1977 and held several ministerial posts, was born Josef Karlenboim in the Russian Empire (today in Poland), and immigrated to Palestine in 1930.

David Magen (asl ismi David Monsonego, 1945-yilda tug'ilgan) — 1990-yillarda bir qator vazirlik lavozimlarida ishlagan sobiq Isroil siyosatchisi; u 1949-yilda Marokashdan ko'chib kelgan.

• David Magen (born David Monsonego in 1945) is a former Israeli politician who held a number of ministerial posts in 1990s; he arrived from Morocco in 1949.

• Zalman Aran (1899–1970) — Isroil siyosatchisi. U Ukrainada Zalman Aharonovich nomi bilan tug'ilgan va 1926 yilda Falastinga kelgan.

• Zalman Aran (1899–1970) was an Israeli politician. He was born Zalman Aharonowitz in the Ukraine and arrived in Palestine in 1926.

Aharon Barak, Isroil Oliy sudining 1995 yildan 2006 yilgacha bo'lgan raisi

• Aharon Barak, President of the Israeli Supreme Court from 1995 to 2006

va 1975–1978 yillarda Isroilning Bosh prokurori bo‘lgan Aharon Brik 1936 yilda Litvada Aharon Brik sifatida tug‘ilgan. Uning otasi Tzvi Brik 1947 yilda Falastinga kelgan.

and the Attorney General of Israel (1975–1978), was born Aharon Brick in Lithuania in 1936. His father, Tzvi Brick, arrived in Palestine in 1947.

Yitzhak Moda’i (1926–1998) — siyosatchi va Knesset a’zosi bo‘lgan; u Falastin mandati davrida Yitzhak Madzovitch nomi bilan tug‘ilgan.

• Yitzhak Moda’i (1926–1998) was an politician and Knesset member; he was born Yitzhak Madzovitch in Mandatory Palestine.

• Yehuda Amital (1924–2010) — sionistik ravvin, vazir va G‘arbiy Sohildagi Yeshivat Har Etzion yeshivasining rahbari bo‘lgan, 1968-yilda tashkil etilgan. U Ruminiyada Yehuda Klein sifatida tug‘ilgan va 1944-yilda Falastinga kelgan.

• Yehuda Amital (1924–2010) was a Zionist Rabbi, cabinet minister and head of Yeshivat Har Etzion in the West Bank, established in 1968. He born Yehuda Klein in Romania and arrived in Palestine in 1944.

Ehud Barak (1942-yilda tug'ilgan) — Isroil siyosatchisi bo'lib, 1999 yildan 2001 yilgacha Bosh vazir lavozimida ishlagan, undan oldin esa armiya bosh shtabi boshlig'i bo'lgan.

• Ehud Barak (born in 1942) is an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2001 and earlier as chief of staff of the army.

U'g'li Yisrael Mendel Brog (1910–2002) edi, u Rossiya imperiyasidan ko'chib kelgan oilada tug'ilgan. Ehud Brog 1972 yilda oilasining familiyasini Brogdan Barakka ivriylashtirdi.

He was the son of Yisrael Mendel Brog (1910–2002), born to a family which immigrated from the Russian Empire. Ehud Brog Hebrewised his family name from Brog to Barak in 1972.

• Yosef (Joseph) ‘Tommy’ Lapid (1931–2008) Serbiyada Tomislav Lampel (Томислав Лампел) nomi bilan tug‘ilgan. U Isroilning jurnalisti, siyosatchisi va vazir bo‘lgan.

• Yosef (Joseph) ‘Tommy’ Lapid (1931–2008) was born Tomislav Lampel (Томислав Лампел) in Serbia. He was an Israeli journalist, politician and government minister.

• Naomi Chazan (Naomi Harman, 1946-yilda Falastin mandati hududida tug'ilgan)

• Naomi Chazan (born Naomi Harman in Mandatory Palestine in 1946)

Ye​ruham Tsvi Harman? No, the text to translate is a short biographical passage. Translating it into Uzbek: U isroillik olim va siyosatchi. U isroillik elchi Avraham Harmanning qizi bo‘lib, Avraham Harman AQShdagi Isroil elchisi bo‘lgan. Harman Londonda tug‘ilgan va 1938-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

is an Israeli academic and politician. She is the daughter of Avraham Harman, an Israeli ambassador to the US. Harman was born in London and immigrated to Palestine in 1938.

• Rachel Cohen-Kagan (1888–1982) — Isroil siyosatchisi bo‘lib, 1948-yilda Isroil Mustaqillik e’lonini imzolagan atigi ikki ayoldan biri edi. U hozirgi Ukrainada Rachel Lubersky sifatida tug‘ilgan va 1919-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Rachel Cohen-Kagan (1888–1982) was an Israeli politician, and one of only two women to sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. She was born Rachel Lubersky in today’s Ukraine and immigrated to Palestine in 1919.

• Yehuda Karmon (1912‒1995), Quddus Ibroniy universiteti geografiya professori, Polshada Leopold Kaufman nomi bilan tug‘ilgan va 1938-yilda Falastinga ko‘chib kelgan.

• Yehuda Karmon (1912‒1995), Professor of Geography at the Hebrew University, was born Leopold Kaufman in Poland and moved to Palestine in 1938.

• Hanoch Bartov (2016-yilda vafot etgan), taniqli isroillik yozuvchi va jurnalist, shuningdek Isroil elchixonasida Londondagi madaniyat bo‘yicha maslahatchi bo‘lib ishlagan, 1926-yilda Falastinda Hanoch Helfgott nomi bilan tug‘ilgan, uning ota-onasi bundan bir yil oldin Polshadan ko‘chib kelgan edi.

• Hanoch Bartov (died in 2016), a prominent Israeli author and journalist who also served as a cultural advisor in the Israeli embassy in London, was born Hanoch Helfgott in Palestine in 1926, a year after his parents immigrated from Poland.

Shu o‘zgarishlarning ko‘pchiligi 1948 yil atrofida yoki undan ko‘p o‘tmay yuz bergan ko‘rinadi. Mandat davrida odamlar o‘zlarining asl Yevropa ismlarini saqlab qolishlari hali ham foydali edi.

Evidently many of these name changes took place around or shortly after 1948. During the Mandatory period, it was still advantageous for individuals to have their original European names.

Yuqoridagi ro'yxatda oliy harbiy zobitlar va armiya shtab boshliqlari ham ko'rsatilgan (ibroniy tilida:

The above list also shows senior officers and army chiefs of staffs (Hebrew:

rav aluf) ism o'zgartirish, 1948 yildan keyin ibroniycha ko'rinishdagi ismlarni qabul qilish. Kulgili tomoni shundaki, Ibroniy Injilida filistlar isroilliklarning "boshqa" va asosiy dushmani sifatida tasvirlangan bo'lsa-da, 1948 yildan beri Isroil armiyasi "seren" (lord, ser) kabi filistcha atamani kapitan darajasiga teng unvon sifatida ishlatmoqda. Shuningdek, armiyaning ikki eng yuqori darajasi uchun ishlatiladigan "aluf" va "rav aluf" (mos ravishda general-mayor va general-leytenant) atamalari, ko'rinishidan, Yangi Ahddan olingan. Yangi Ahdda "aluf" ("boshliq", "ming kishiga buyruq beruvchi") edomliklar orasida zodagonlik unvoni bo'lgan. Ba'zi olimlarning fikricha, edomliklar nabatey arab kelib chiqishiga ega bo'lgan va ko'pincha ibroniy payg'ambarlari qattiq qoralagan, isroilliklarning doimiy dushmanlari sifatida tasvirlangan.

rav alufs) adopting Hebrew-sounding names in the post-1948 period. Ironically, although in the Hebrew Bible the Philistines are constructed as the Other and arch enemy of the Israelites, since 1948 a Philistine term such as seren (a lord) has been used by the Israeli army as a rank equivalent to captain. Also, the terms aluf and rav aluf (major general and lieutenant general, respectively), which have been used for the two highest ranks in the army, are apparently from the New Testament. In the New Testament aluf (‘chief ’, the one who commands a ‘thousand people’) was a rank of nobility among the Idumites, identified by some scholars to be of Nabataean Arab origins, and often depicted as the Israelites’ inveterate enemies whom the Hebrew prophets denounced violently.

Since 1948 the Israeli state has encouraged a conception of an ethnocentric identity on the basis of the traditions of land and conquest of the Hebrew Bible, especially the Book of Joshua, and those dealing with the biblical Israelites’ origins that demanded the subjugation and destruction of other peoples. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the Book of Joshua is required reading in Israeli schools. In fact, the Book of Joshua is a work of fiction and the Israelite ‘conquest’ was not the ‘Blitzkrieg’ it is made out to be in the Book of Joshua. But this book holds an important place in the Israeli school curricula and Israeli academic programmes partly because the founding fathers of Zionism viewed Joshua’s narrative of conquest as a precedent for the establishment of Israel as a nation (Burge 2003: 82).

Since 1948 the Israeli state has encouraged a conception of an ethnocentric identity on the basis of the traditions of land and conquest of the Hebrew Bible, especially the Book of Joshua, and those dealing with the biblical Israelites’ origins that demanded the subjugation and destruction of other peoples. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the Book of Joshua is required reading in Israeli schools. In fact, the Book of Joshua is a work of fiction and the Israelite‘conquest’ was not the‘Blitzkrieg’it is made out to be in the Book of Joshua. But this book holds an important place in the Israeli school curricula and Israeli academic programmes partly because the founding fathers of Zionism viewed Joshua’s narrative of conquest as a precedent for the establishment of Israel as a nation (Burge 2003: 82).

Qadimgi Misrdagi isroiliklarning qullikka tushishi haqida Chiqish kitobida bayon etilgan hikoya odatda afsona deb tan olinsa-da, Isroildagi maktablar va universitetlarda bu haqiqiy tarix sifatida o‘rgatiladi.

Although the account of the Israelites’ enslavement in ancient Egypt as described in the Book of Exodus is generally recognised as a myth, in Israeli schools and universities this is treated as actual history.

Shuningdek, 1948 yildan boshlab Isroil akademik muassasalari mustamlakachilik an'anasini davom ettirib, razvedka ma'lumotlarini to'plash va ma'lumotlar yig'ish faoliyatini davom ettirmoqda.

Furthermore, since 1948 Israeli academic institutions have continued the same colonialist tradition of intelligence gathering and data collection.

Isroil armiyasi va, xususan, Isroil biblika akademiyasi har doim millat qurish jarayonida bir-biri bilan chambarchas bog'liq va yaqin hamkor bo'lib kelgan.

The Israeli army and Israeli biblical academy, in particular, have always been intimately connected to and close partners in nation-building.

Bibliya va afsonalar yaratish orqali soxta ilmiy faoliyat yordamida millatchilik harakatini safarbar qilishga Isroil olimlari va ijtimoiy tadqiqotchilarning ko'p qismi, xususan arxeologlar, siyosiy geograflar va orientalistlar jalb etilgan. Isroil ilmiy muassasalarining 1950-yillarning boshidan beri faoliyat yuritib kelayotgan va hozir ham davom etayotgan, Isroil Bosh vazirining devonidan boshqariladigan Hukumat nomlar qo'mitasi (quyida) bilan hamkorligi esa afsonalar yaratish orqali bilim ishlab chiqarishda akademik hamkorlikning eng yaxshi namunasi bo'lishi mumkin.

Engagement in nationalist mobilisation, using the Bible and myth-making through spurious scholarly activity involves a large number of Israeli academics and social scientists, in particular archaeologists, political geographers and Orientalists. The involvement of Israeli academic institutions with the Governmental Names Committee (below), which has operated since the early 1950s, and continues to do so, from the Israeli Prime Minister’s Office, is perhaps the best example of academic complicity in the production of knowledge through myth-making.