10.18 Yerushalayimdan Orshalimgacha: Yangi ibroniy toponimlari va yo'l belgilarining inglizcha va arabcha transliteratsiyasi
10.18 From Yerushalayim To Orshalim: The Transliteration Of New Hebrew Toponyms And Road Signs Into English And Arabic
1967-yildan keyingi davrda ham 1948-yildan boshlangan rasmiy yahudiylashtirish, ibroniylashtirish va bibliyalashtirish rejalari davom etdi. Isroil 1967-yil iyunidan keyin darhol Sharqiy Quddusdagi arabcha yo'l belgilari va joy nomlariga aralasha boshladi. Shu yili u Yerushalayim (Quddus)ning ibroniycha nomi Yerushalayimning arabcha shakli sifatida mo'ljallangan "Orshalim" degan yangi so'zni o'ylab topdi.32 So'nggi yillarda minglab yo'l belgilari Isroilning yerning falastinlik arab toponimik merosini tobora yo'q qilish kurashidagi eng so'nggi jabhaga aylandi. 1967-yildan oldin boshlangan bu tartibga yangi o'ylab topilgan ibroniycha toponimlar va yo'l belgilarini ingliz va arab tillariga transliteratsiya qilish ham kirardi. 2009-yil iyulida Isroilning transport vaziri Yisroil Kats butun Isroil, bosib olingan Sharqiy Quddus va hatto G'arbiy Sohilning ba'zi qismlaridagi barcha asosiy yo'llar uchun yangi yo'l belgilari tizimini e'lon qildi. Bu belgilar asl arabcha joy nomlarini yangi ibroniycha nomning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri transliteratsiyasiga aylantirish orqali "standartlashtirilishi" kerak edi. An'anaviy ravishda Isroildagi ba'zi yo'l belgilarida nomlar yuqoridan pastga uch tilda berilardi: birinchi o'rinda ibroniy, keyin ingliz va arab tillari. Transport vazirligining 2009-yildagi tizimi, uning siyosiy maqsadi haqida ochiqchasiga gapirilgan holda, Quddus yoki arabcha al-Quddus bosib olingan Sharqiy Quddusning butun hududida Yerushalayim deb standartlashtirilib, arabchaga Orshalim deb transliteratsiya qilinishi kerak edi. Nosira yoki arabcha al-Nosira Natzrat deb standartlashtirilishi kerak edi. Falastinning apelsinlari Yaffa apelsinlari nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan falastinlik port shahri Yaffo Yafo deb nomlanishi kerak edi. Falastinlik Nablusga kelsak, vazirlik ibroniycha/bibliyaga o'xshash Shechem nomini arabchada qanday yozish yo'llarini ham izlayotgan edi. Bugungi kunda Ben-Gurion aeroportiga uchadigan barcha yirik xalqaro aviakompaniyalar arab toponimi Yafo (Jaffa) ning ivrit transliteratsiyasidan foydalanadi, yo'lovchilarni kelish paytida Yafo-Tel-Aviv hududidagi ob-havoga e'tibor qaratishadi. Ushbu aeroport avval Lidda aeroporti deb atalgan bo'lib, u 1936 yilda Britaniya mandat davrida yaratilgan va keyinchalik Isroilning birinchi Bosh vaziri sharafiga qayta nomlangan.
The official Judaisation, Hebraicisation and biblicisation schemes which began after 1948 continued into the post-1967 era. Israel began interfering with Arabic road signs and toponyms in occupied East Jerusalem immediately after June 1967. In that year it coined a new word, Orshalim, that was supposed to be the Arabic form of the Hebrew word for Jerusalem, Yerushalayim.32 In recent years thousands of road signs became the latest front in Israel’s battle of accelerating the erasure of the Palestinian Arab toponymic heritage of the land. The pattern, which began before 1967, included the transliteration of newly coined Hebrew toponyms and road signs into both English and Arabic. In July 2009, the Israeli Transport Minister Yisrael Katz announced a new road signs scheme for all major roads in Israel, occupied East Jerusalem and even parts of occupied West Bank to be ‘standardised’ by converting the original Arabic place names into straight transliterations of the new Hebrew name. Traditionally some road signs in Israel included names that were rendered in three languages top-to-bottom: Hebrew (first), English and Arabic. Under the 2009 scheme of the Transport Ministry, which was open about the political motivation behind its policy, Jerusalem, or al-Quds in Arabic, would be standardised throughout occupied East Jerusalem as Yerushalayim and transliterated into Arabic Orshalim; Nazareth, or al-Nasirah in Arabic, would be standardised into Natzrat; and Jaffa, the Palestinian port city after which Palestine’s oranges became famous as Jaffa oranges, would be Yafo. As for Palestinian Nablus, the ministry was also looking for ways to spell the Hebrew/biblical-sounding name Shechem in Arabic.33 Today all major international airlines which fly to Ben-Gurion Airport (formerly Lydda airport, which was created in 1936 during the British Mandatory period and later renamed after Israel’s first Prime Minister) use the Hebrew transliteration of the Arabic toponym Yafa (Jaffa) by drawing the attention of their passengers on arrival to weather in the Yafo-Tel Aviv region.