9.15 Falastin milliy muassasalari va tashkilotlari Nakbadan keyingi davrda: FOTning inqilobiy siyosati
9.15 Palestinian National Institutions And Organisations In The Post-nakba Period: The Revolutionary Politics Of The Plo
Nakbadan keyingi davrda ko‘plab falastinlik mustamlakachilikka qarshi tashkilotlar va dunyoviy muassasalar tashkil etildi. Ularning bir nechtasi 1964 yilda Falastin ozodlik tashkiloti (FOT) tashkil etilishidan oldin va uni kutib olgan inqilobiy tashkilotlar edi. Ularga quyidagilar kiradi: Qohiradagi Falastin talabalar ittifoqi (1952), Falastin talabalarining umumiy ittifoqi (1959), “Filastinuna” (“Bizning Falastinimiz”) nashri atrofida 1959 yilda tashkil etilgan Fath (Falastin milliy ozodlik harakati)ning birinchi guruhi, Falastin ayollar ligasi (1963) va Falastin ishchilarining umumiy ittifoqi (1963).
In the post-Nakba period a large number of Palestinian anti-colonial organisations and secular institutions were established. Several of these revolutionary bodies predated and anticipated the founding of the PLO in 1964 and these included the Palestinian Student Union in Cairo (1952), the General Union of Palestinian Students (1959), the first group of Fateh (Palestinian National Liberation Movement), founded in 1959 around an organ called Filastinuna (Our Palestine), the Palestinian Women’s League (1963) and the General Union of Palestinian Workers (1963).
Nakbadan keyingi davrda tashkil etilgan milliy tashkilotlar quyidagilarni o‘z ichiga olgan:
The national bodies created in the post-Nakba period included:
• Falastin Umumiy Hukumati (Hukumat ‘Umum Filastin) — 1948-yil 1-oktyabrda G‘azoda.
• All-Palestine Government (Hukumat ‘Umum Filastin’) in Gaza on 1 October 1948.
Falastin talabalar ittifoqi 1950-yillarning boshida Qohirada tashkil etilgan bo'lib, uni Yosir Arafat boshqargan.
• The Palestinian Student Union set up in Cairo in the early 1950s, led by Yasir Arafat.
• Fatah (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Vatani al-Filastini; Falastin Milliy Ozodlik Harakati) 1959 yilda tashkil etilgan. 1959 yilda oyiga bir marta chiqa boshlagan birinchi yashirin jurnali – Ramla qochqini Xalil al-Vazir (1935‒1988) tahriri ostida – "Filastinuna, Nido al-Xayot" (Bizning Falastinimiz, Hayot chaqirig'i) deb nomlangan.
• Fateh (Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini; Palestinian National Liberation Movement) was founded in 1959. Its first underground magazine which began to appear monthly in 1959 – under the editorship of Khalil al-Wazir (1935‒1988), a refugee from al-Ramla – was called Filastinuna, Nida al-Hayat (Our Palestine, the Call to Life).
• Falastinlik talabalarning Umumiy Ittifoqi (GUPS) 1959 yilda Qohirada tashkil etilgan va 1969 yilda FOAT (PLO) tarkibiga kirgan.
• The General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS), established in Cairo in 1959, becoming part of the PLO in 1969.
Falastinlik ayollar ittifoqi 1963-yilda Qohirada tashkil etilgan; keyinchalik, 1965-yilda, u Falastinlik ayollarning Umumiy ittifoqi tarkibiga qo'shilib ketgan.
• The Palestinian Women’s League was established in Cairo in 1963; later in 1965 absorbed into the General Union of Palestinian Women.
Falastin Ishchilarining Umumiy Ittifoqi (GUPW) 1963 yilda Misrning Hilvon shahrida tashkil etilgan va 1965 yilda yangi tuzilgan FOAT (PLO) tarkibiga kirgan.
• The General Union of Palestinian Workers (GUPW) was established in Hilwan in Egypt in 1963, becoming part of the newly created PLO in 1965.
• Birinchi Falastin Milliy Kengashi (PNC) 1964-yil 2-iyun kuni (Sharqiy) Quddusda yig'ilib, FOTA (PLO) ni rasman tashkil etdi. PNC FOTA ning qonun chiqaruvchi organiga aylandi.
• The first Palestinian National Council (PNC) met in (East) Jerusalem on 2 June 1964 and formally founded the PLO. The PNC became the legislative body of the PLO.
Falastin Ozodlik Tashkiloti 1964-yilning iyun oyida tashkil etilgan.
• The Palestine Liberation Organisation was established in June 1964.
• Falastinning Milliy Xartiyasi (al-Mitaq al-Vatoniy al-Filastiniy) — FOAB (PLO)ning xartiyasi 1964-yil iyun oyida birinchi marta qabul qilingan.
• The Palestinian National Charter (al-Mithaq al-Watani al-Filastini) of the PLO was first adopted in June 1964.
Falastin Milliy Fondi 1964-yilda tashkil etilgan bo‘lib, FOAK (Falastin ozodlik tashkiloti)ning faoliyatini moliyalashtirish maqsadida FOAK Nizomining 24-moddasiga muvofiq ish yuritadi. Falastin Milliy Fondi turli manbalardan kelayotgan moliyaviy yordamni boshqarish uchun mas'uldir:
• The Palestinian National Fund was set up 1964 and conformed to Article 24 of the PLO to finance the activities of the PLO. The PNF is responsible for managing financial aid coming from a variety of sources:
Arab davlatlaridan kelgan mablag'lar, boy falastinliklarning xayriyalari va Arab mamlakatlarida ishlaydigan falastinliklardan undiriladigan "ozodlik solig'i".
funds from Arab states, contributions from wealthy Palestinians and a ‘liberation tax’ levied on Palestinians working in Arab countries.
• Falastin ozodlik harakati (Fatah) 1965-yilda tashkil topdi va 1968-yilda Falastin ozodlik tashkilotiga (FOT) rahbarlik qildi; FOTning rasmiy organi bo‘lmish "Filastin al-Savra" (Inqilob Falastini) 1972-yilda Beyrutda tashkil etildi.
• The Palestine Liberation Movement (Fateh) was established in 1965 and took over the PLO in 1968; the official organ of the PLO, Filastin al-Thawrah (Palestine of the Revolution), was set up in Beirut in 1972.
Falastin ayollarining Umumiy ittifoqi 1965-yilda FOTning tarkibida va Falastin ayollarini birlashtirish hamda ularning Falastinning ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va siyosiy sohalarida faol rolini targ'ib qilish maqsadida tashkil etilgan.
• The General Union of Palestinian Women was established in 1965 as part of the PLO and with the goal of organising Palestinian women and promoting an active role for them in Palestinian social, social, economic and political spheres.
• Falastin xalq ozodligi uchun xalq fronti (al-Jabhah al-Sha ʿbiyyah li-Tahrir Filastin) — 1967-yilda doktor Corc Habash (1926–2008) tomonidan asos solingan dunyoviy falastin sotsialistik tashkilotidir. U Lidda shahridan, Mandat Falastinidan bo‘lgan falastinlik qochqin edi. Ushbu tashkilot FOAT (Falastin ozodlik tashkiloti) tarkibiga kiruvchi guruhlar orasida ikkinchi yirik guruh bo‘lib kelgan.
• The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (al-Jabhah al-Sha ʿbiyyah li-Tahrir Filastin) is a secular Palestinian socialist organisation founded in 1967 by Dr George Habash (1926–2008), a Palestinian refugee from Lydda, Mandatory Palestine. It has been the second largest of the groups forming the PLO.
Falastinlik ayollar qo'mitalari ittifoqi 1980-yilda tashkil etilgan.
• The Union of Palestinian Women Committees was set up in 1980
…Falastinlik ayollarni kuchaytirish va Isroil harbiy bosqinchiligiga qarshi Falastinning milliy kurashiga hissa qo‘shish maqsadida. 2001 yildan beri Ittifoq Falastin Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan litsenziyalangan.
to empower Palestinian women and to contribute to the Palestinian national struggle against the Israeli military occupation. Since 2001 the Union has been licensed by the Palestinian Interior Ministry.
Falastin Milliy Ma'muriyati 1993-yilda Oslo kelishuvlaridan so'ng tashkil etilgan. O'shandan beri u bosib olingan Falastin hududlarining kichik bir qismini ichki jihatdan boshqarib kelmoqda.
• The Palestinian National Authority was established following the Oslo Accords in 1993. Since then it has internally governed a small part of the occupied Palestinian territories.
• Falastin Teleradio Korporatsiyasi (PBC) 1994-yil iyul oyida yangi tashkil etilgan Falastin Milliy Ma'muriyati yurisdiksiyasi doirasida tashkil etilgan. PBC ning tarkibida "Falastin ovozi" radiostansiyasi va "Falastin sun'iy yo'ldosh kanali" bor. Falastin telekanali 1996-yilda G'azoda birinchi marta efirga chiqqan (Jamal 2005).
• The Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) was established in July 1994 within the jurisdiction of the newly formed Palestinian National Authority. The PBC has a subsidiary radio station, the Voice of Palestine, and a satellite channel, Palestinian Satellite Channel. The Palestinian TV channel first began broadcasting in 1996 in Gaza (Jamal 2005).
• Falastin Milliy Ma'muriyati 1994-yilda Falastin Qadimiy Yodgorliklar va Madaniy Meros Departamentini tashkil etdi. Uning uzoq yillik rahbari, falastinlik arxeolog doktor Hamdan Taha uni 1920-yilda tashkil etilgan Falastin Qadimiy Yodgorliklar Departamentining tiklanishi deb hisoblagan.
• The Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage was created by the Palestinian National Authority in 1994. Its long-time head, Palestinian archaeologist Dr Hamdan Taha, saw it as a revival of the Palestine Department of Antiquities which was established in 1920
Britaniya mandati davrida (Taha 2010).
under the British Mandate (Taha 2010).
PLO ning inqilobiy siyosati 1982 yilda PLO ning Livandan chiqib ketganidan keyin keskin pasaydi. O'shandan beri, 1993 yilda Oslo kelishuvlari imzolanganidan so'ng va ayniqsa 1994 yilda Falastin Milliy Ma'muriyati tashkil etilganidan keyin PLO va uning milliy institutlari asosan chetga surilib qoldi. Biroq PLO ning milliy ozodlik harakati sifatida tarixiy merosi, inqilobiy siyosati va ramziy ahamiyati, xalq vakilligiga asoslanishi hamda Uchinchi dunyodagi mustamlakachilikka qarshi harakatlar orasida sezilarli qo'llab-quvvatlashga ega bo'lishi uning hozirgi zaif va nosoz tashkiliy tuzilmasi hamda amalda siyosiy falajlikdan ancha kengroqdir.
The revolutionary politics of the PLO experienced sharp decline after the departure of the PLO from Lebanon in 1982. Since then the PLO and its national institutions have become largely marginalised after the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, and especially since the creation of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994. However, the historic legacy, revolutionary politics and symbolic value of the PLO as a Palestinian national liberation movement, based on popular representation and enjoying significant support among anti-colonial movements in the Third World, go far beyond its current weak and dysfunctional organisational structures and virtual political paralysis.