20.1 Xalifa va jihod - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

20.1 Xalifa va jihod - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

U u mamlakatning chekka hududlarida qo‘shin tashkil etishni boshlashi shart, toki kofirlardan o‘zlariga qarshi kelayotganlarga qarshi yetarli bo‘lsin. Xalifaning biron bir chegarani musulmonlardan, ya’ni dushmanga qarshi kurashishga yetarli bo‘lgan guruhdan bo‘sh qoldirishi joiz emas; aksincha, barcha chegaralar har doim islom qo‘shini bilan to‘ldirilgan bo‘lishi farzdir. Musulmonlarni va musulmonlar yurtini dushmanning zararidan himoya qiladigan barcha narsalarni, masalan, qal’alar, xandaqlar yoki boshqa vositalarni tashkil etishi shart; shuningdek, islom davlatini va islom yurtini kofirlardan va ularning makrlaridan himoya qilish uchun qo‘lidan kelgan barcha turdagi kuch-qudratni tayyorlashi shart.

He is obliged to begin organizing the army in the country’s extremities so as to be sufficient against those who they are facing from the disbelievers. It is not allowed for the Khalifah to leave any frontier empty of a group of Muslims who are sufficient to fight the enemy; rather it is obligatory that all frontiers be packed with the Islamic army at all times. It is obliged that he establishes all that will defend the Muslims and the Muslims’ land from the enemy’s harm such as fortresses, trenches or anything, and it is obliged that he prepares what he can of all types of strength to protect the Islamic State and Islamic land from the disbelievers and their conspiracies.

Xalifaning harbiy siyosat va boshqaruv masalalarida armiyaning amaliy rahbarligini shaxsan nazorat qilishi vojibdir. Agar u armiyaga harbiy tajribaga ega rahbar tayinlasa, uni faqat o‘zining vakili sifatida tayinlaydi, chunki xalifa armiyaning nafaqat Allohning qo‘mondoni, balki uning amaliy rahbaridir. Rasululloh ﷺ armiya rahbarligini o‘zi nazorat qilar edi va qachon ekspeditsiyalar yuborsa, bu ishni armiya rahbari sifatida qilar edi. Umar (roziyallohu anhu) Fors va Shomdagi rahbarlariga batafsil ma’lumotlar yuborib turardi, bu esa xalifaning amalda armiya rahbari ekanligini ko‘rsatadi. Uning itoati armiyadagi har bir shaxs uchun, u askarmi yoki rahbarmi, xuddi har bir fuqaro uchun bo‘lgani kabi, vojibdir. Imom Muslim Abu Hurayra (roziyallohu anhu) silsilasi orqali rivoyat qilgan, Nabiy ﷺ shunday degan:

It is obliged that the Khalifah personally supervises the practical leadership of the army in its military policy and administration. When he places upon it a leader with military expertise he only places him as his representative, since the Khalifah is not only Allah commander of the army but rather its practical leader. The Messenger (saw) supervised the army leadership himself, and when he would send expeditions would do so in his capacity as an army leader. Umar (ra) would send detailed information to his leaders in Persia and Sham which indicates that the Khalifah is the army’s leader practically. His obedience is obligatory upon every individual in the army whether he is a soldier or leader, just the same as it is obligatory upon every individual citizen. Muslim has narrated from a chain of Abu Hurairah (ra) that the Prophet (saw) said:

Imomning qalqon ekani ma'nosi shuki, u dushmanning musulmonlarga zarar yetkazishiga to'sqinlik qilgani uchun qalqondir. Biroq xalifa qat'iy buyruq bermasligi kerak, u faqat odamlarning qodir bo'lgan darajasidagi, ta'siri bo'ladigan buyruqlar berishi lozim; agar u ularning bajara olmasligini bilsa, ularni shunga qat'iy majburlamaydi. Shuningdek, u musulmonlarni o'z joniga qasd qilishga olib bormasligi, ulardan xiyonat qilishlaridan qo'rqadigan narsa bilan buyurmasligi kerak.

The meaning of the Imam being a shield is (that he) is a shield because he prevents the enemy from harming Muslims. However the Khalifah should not command a decisive command that has no effect except within the people’s capability; if he knows that they will not be able to perform he does not command them with it strictly. Nor should he carry the Muslims to suicide, nor command them with something for which he fears betrayal from them.

Bu Xalifa mavjud bo‘lgan holat haqida; agar Xalifa yo‘q bo‘lsa, jihodni hech qanday holatda kechiktirish mumkin emas, chunki uning foydasi kechiktirilganda yo‘qoladi. Agar Xalifa lashkar yuborib, ularning ustiga amir tayinlasa va u o‘ldirilsa yoki vafot etsa, u holda lashkar zimmasida ulardan birini amir qilib tayinlash vajib bo‘ladi, xuddi Payg‘ambar ﷺ ning sahobalari Mu’tah lashkarida qilganidek, Rasulullah ﷺ buni ma’qulladilar. Agar lashkarda amir bo‘lsa, lashkarning hech kimi amirning ruxsatisiz hech qanday maqsadda lagerdan chiqishi mumkin emas. Agar u biror ishni buyursa yoki biror ishdan qaytarsa, uning itoati farzdir va Allohning quyidagi so‘zi tufayli unga qarshi chiqish harom qilinadi:

This is when there is a Khalifah; if the Khalifah is absent, jihad is not delayed in any way whatsoever since its benefit disappears with its delay. If the Khalifah sends an army and commands over them an Amir who is killed or dies, then it is upon the army to appoint one of them as did the Prophet’s Sahabah in the army of Mu’tah upon which the Messenger (saw) consented. If the army has an Amir, none of the army can leave the camp for any purpose except with the Amir’s permission. And if he commands the doing of something or the leaving of something, his obedience is obligatory and it is forbidden to contradict him due to Allah’s statement: