21.5 Ruxsat etilgan shartnomalar - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

21.5 Ruxsat etilgan shartnomalar - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

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21.5 Ruxsat etilgan shartnomalar

21.5 Permissible Treaties

by Sheikh Taqīuddīn An-Nabahānī2 min readViewed 109 times

Islom Davlati Islom aqidasi ruxsat bergan shartlar asosida, Islom da’vatining manfaatlari talab qilgan taqdirda, tinchlik, sulh, qo‘shnichilik, madaniy, savdo-moliyaviy va ularga o‘xshash shartnomalar tuzishi mumkin. Agar bu shartnomalarda Islom ruxsat bermagan shartlar bo‘lsa, Islomga muvofiq bo‘lmagan shartlar bekor hisoblanadi, shartnomaning qolgan qismi esa qolgan shartlar bo‘yicha amalga oshiriladi. Chunki Shariatga zid har bir shart, hatto Musulmonlar Xalifasi uni ma’qullagan va rozi bo‘lgan taqdirda ham, bekordir. Agar Islom Davlati va uning dushmani o‘rtasida urush holati bo‘lsa, vaziyat talab qilgan va o‘sha paytdagi da’vat manfaatlariga mos ravishda ular bilan sulh va tinchlik shartnomasi tuzishi joiz. Agar Islom Davlati da’vat manfaatlari talab qilgan biror masala yuzasidan qo‘shni davlat yoki o‘zidan uzoqdagi davlat bilan tinchlik va do‘stlik o‘rnatishni lozim deb bilsa, buni qilishi joizdir. Davlat kofirlar bilan ittifoqlarda ularga yetib borish, ular orasida Islom haqida jamoatchilik fikrini shakllantirish vositasini topishi mumkin. Ittifoqlar orqali katta fitnani daf etish yoki boshqa dushmanga yetib borish imkoniyati ham bo‘lishi mumkin. Shuning uchun Islom Davlatiga qo‘shni davlatlar bilan qo‘shnichilik shartnomalari tuzish joiz bo‘lganidek, Islom da’vati uchun, musulmonlarni himoya qilish uchun yoki Islom va musulmonlar uchun biror foyda deb ko‘rilsa, yoki Islom da’vatini olib borish uchun, qo‘shni bo‘lmagan davlatlar bilan ma’lum muddatga tajovuzsizlik shartnomalari tuzish ham joizdir. Rasulullah ﷺ Banu Mudlij va Banu Dumrah bilan, lashkari yuradigan yo‘llarni xavfsiz qilish uchun shartnoma tuzdilar, Tabukda esa Yuhanna ibn Rub’a bilan, Bilodu Shom chegaralarida, Rum tomonidagi davlat chegaralarini xavfsiz qilish uchun shartnoma tuzdilar. Agar harbiy xalqlardan biror qavm hech qanday evaziz (badal) olmasdan ma'lum yillarga do'stlik shartnomasini so'rasa, xalifa buni ko'rib chiqadi. Agar u buni musulmonlar uchun foydali deb bilsa, ularning kuchli va katta qudrati tufayli yoki boshqa sabablarga ko'ra, bu ishni Allohning quyidagi so'zi asosida amalga oshirishi mumkin:

The Islamic State may contract treaties of peace, truce, good neighbourliness, cultural treaties, commercial and financial treaties and treaties similar to these which the interests of the Islamic da’wah require according to the conditions consented to by Islam. If these treaties include conditions not consented by Islam, those conditions which are not correct in Islam are void and the rest of the treaty remains executed in the remaining conditions. This is because each condition contradicting the Shar’a is void even if the Muslims’ Khalifah was pleased with and agreed to it. If there was between the Islamic State and her enemy a situation of war, it is allowed for her to contract a truce and peace treaty with her according to what the situation requires at that time and what the interests of the da’wah require. If the Islamic State views that she should make peace and friendship with a neighbouring State or a State remote from her for a matter required for the interests of the da’wah, it is allowed for her to do this. The State may find in alliances with disbelievers a tool for the da’wah to reach them and to create a public opinion about Islam among them. There could also be the repelling of great evil through alliances or being able to reach another enemy. Therefore it is allowed for the Islamic State to contract good neighbourly treaties with neighbouring States just as it is allowed to contract non-aggression treaties with non-neighbouring States for a specific period if it sees in that a way for the Islamic da’wah, to protect Muslims or any benefit for Islam or Muslims or to conduct the Islamic da’wah. The Messenger (saw) did make a treaty with Banu Mudlij and Banu Dumrah to make safe the roads his army travelled upon and he made a treaty with Yuhanna bin Rub’ah in Tabuk to make safe the boundaries of the State in the direction of Rome in the boundaries of Bilad AsSham. If a people of the people of war request friendship for specific years for nothing, the Khalifah looks into that. If he sees it as good for Muslim due to their severe and great strength or for other than that, he can do this due to Allah’s statement:

Shuningdek, Payg'ambar ﷺ Hudaybiya yilida Makka aholisi bilan sulh tuzgani ham shu sababdan bo'lganki, ular bilan o'rtasida belgilangan muddatga urushni to'xtatib, tinchlik o'rnatdi. Buning sababi shu ediki, Payg'ambar ﷺ ga xabar yetdiki, Xaybar aholisi bilan Makka aholisi musulmonlarga hujum qilish uchun o'zaro kelishib olishgan edi. Shu sababli u Quraysh bilan sulh tuzdi, so'ngra Xaybar bilan urushga bordi. Ruxsat etilgan barcha ittifoqlarda ularni tuzish yoki tuzmaslik buyrug'i Xalifaning fikri va ijtihodiga havola qilinadi, chunki Xalifa homiy sifatida tayinlangan, homiylikning birinchi vazifasi esa musulmonlarning kuchini himoya qilishdir. Agar kofirlarda katta kuch bo'lsa, yoki Dor al-Harbda katta kuchga ega bo'lgan qavmga yetish uchun harakat qilishi lozim bo'lsa va yo'lidagilar bilan sulh tuzishni zarur deb bilsa, u ittifoqda musulmonlar uchun foyda ko'rishi mumkin. Masala Xalifaning musulmonlar uchun yaxshi deb ko'rgan narsasiga qarab baholashiga havola etiladi. Ammo ittifoqda musulmonlar uchun hech qanday foyda bo'lmasa, Allohning quyidagi so'zi sababli ular bilan sulh tuzish shart emas:

And also because the Messenger (saw) made peace with the people of Makkah in the year of Hudaybiyya upon leaving war between them and him for a specified period. This was because it reached the Messenger (saw) that there was an accord between the people of Khayber and Makkah to invade Muslims, so he made peace with Quraysh then he went to fight Khayber. In all the allowed alliances, the command of contracting or not contracting them is left to the Khalifah’s opinion and ijtihad because the Khalifah is appointed as guardian and among guarding is firstly protecting the Muslims’ strength. He may view in the alliance benefit for Muslims if there is great strength in the disbelievers or he needs to make effort in the war homeland (Dar al Harb) to reach a people of great strength so he finds it necessary to make peace with those in his way. The issue is delegated to the Khalifah’ opinion to measure according to what he sees as good for Muslims, but if there is no good in the alliance for the Muslims then it is not necessary to make peace with them due to Allah’s statement: