50. Mutavotir
50. The Mutawaatir
Tavatur lug'atda bir-biridan keyin, orada vaqt oralig'i bilan keladigan narsalarning ketma-ketligidir, va bunga Allohning so'zi dalildir: "Keyin Biz Elchilarimizni ketma-ket yubordik..." (44-sura, Al-Mu'minun), ya'ni birin-ketin, vaqt oralig'i bilan. Tavatur — takror kelishdir. Usul olimlarining istilohida esa xabari mutavatir — shunday bir guruh tomonidan naql qilingan xabarki, ularning ko'pligi shu darajaga yetadiki, ularning so'zlaridan yaqin bilim (ilm) hosil bo'ladi; bu guruhning yolg'on so'zlashib kelishi mumkin emas, va ular o'z so'zlariga aniq ishonch bilan, hech qanday shubhasiz gapirgan bo'lishlari shart. Ularning bilimi eshitish va ko'rishga asoslangan bo'lishi kerak, aql-mulohaza bilan xulosa chiqarishga emas. Sahobalar davrida, tobe'inlar davrida va tobe'i tobe'inlar davrida shu shartlarga javob beradigan guruh bo'lishi lozim; shuning uchun xabarning ikki tarafi va o'rtasi tengdir. Shunga ko'ra, mutavatir xabar — uch davrda ko'p sonli jamoa tomonidan naql qilingan, ularning yolg'onga til biriktirishi odatda mumkin bo'lmagan xabardir; hadis rivoyatida bu uch davrdan boshqa hech qanday davrga hech qanday e'tibor berilmaydi.
The tawaator linguistically is the succession of the things one after the other with a time limit in between, and of this is the saying of Allah Ta'ala: Then sent We Our Messengers in succession…) 44 Surat Al Mu'minoun, means one after one with time limit. The tawaator is the recurrence, and al khabar al mutawaatir in the terminology of the usoul scholars is the report (khabar) transmitted by a group which reach in their multitude the extent of the certainty (ilm) which occurred for their saying, the certainty would not occur for the saying of this group and it would not be mutawaatir unless they are certain of what they told, and not in any doubt about it. Their knowledge must be based on the hearing and the witnessing not on the figuring out, there must be a group that fulfills these conditions in the era of the Sahaabah, the era Taabi'ine and the Taabi'y al Taabi'ine, so the two sides and the middle of the khabar are equal. Accordingly, the mutawaatir report is what was narrated in the three eras by a large gathering that their collusion to lie is normally impossible, and no consideration at all for any era other then those three in the narration of the Hadeeth.
Mutavotir hadis Payg'ambar (SAV) dan ishonchli ravishda rivoyat qilingani uchun u yaqin bilimni bildiradi va uning amaliy, qavliy yoki taqririy Sunnatining barcha jihatlari bo'yicha unga amal qilish shartdir. Mutavotir hadislardan biri Payg'ambarning (SAV) quyidagi so'zi bo'lib, uni Al-Buxoriy va Muslim rivoyat qilgan: "Kim mening nomimdan yolg'on to'qisa, u o'z o'rnini do'zaxdan olsin." Besh vaqt namoz, ularning rakat soni, shuningdek namozning tartibi, ro'za va haj haqida kelgan narsalar amaliy mutavotir Sunnatga kiradi.
The mutawaatir Hadeeth is decisively transmitted from the prophet (SAW), so it denotes the certainty knowledge, and acting according to it in all aspects is a must, whether it is of the saying, acting, or approving Sunnah. One of the mutawaatir ahaadeeth is the saying of the prophet (SAW): And whoever fabricates a lie on my behalf let him occupy his place in hell fire" narrated by Al Bukhari and Muslim. The five prayers, the number of their rak'ah and also what came about the method of the prayer, the sawm and the hajj are of the acting mutawaatir Sunnah.