30.3 Ish haqini baholash - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

30.3 Ish haqini baholash - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

Ushbu uch turda shartnoma tuzilgan narsa har birida manfaat edi. Demak, shartnoma tuzilgan narsa manfaatdir. Zikr qilingan pul esa shu manfaat evaziga beriladigan to'lovdir. Shu sababli ijara haqini baholash asosi shu narsa, shu ish yoki shu shaxs tomonidan berilayotgan manfaatdir. U ishlov berilayotgan narsaning qiymatiga yoki narxiga, shuningdek ishchining unumdorligiga yoki xodimning ehtiyojlarini qoplashga nisbatan emas, xuddi xodimning ehtiyojlari uchun to'lov qilinmaganidek. Shuning uchun baholashga hayot darajasining oshishi yoki pasayishi kirmaydi. Ijara haqini narsaning qiymatiga, narxiga, ishchining unumdorligiga yoki ehtiyojlarini qondirishga qaytarish to'g'ri emas; baholashga hayot darajasining ko'tarilishi yoki tushishi ham kirmaydi. Uning baholanishi faqat bitta narsaga, ya'ni manfaatga qaytadi, chunki bu evaziga beriladigan manfaat uchun manfaatdir. Ijara haqi ijara shartnomasi tuzilgan manfaat miqdoriga ko'ra baholanadi. Ijara haqi miqdori bo'yicha ixtilof yuzaga kelganda, u dalil va isbot bilan baholanmaydi, chunki ijara haqini isbotlashni talab qilmagani uchun unda dalilning o'rni yo'q. Balki uning miqdorini va baholanishini bilish uchun manfaat ustida manfaat sodir bo'layotgan sohaning ikki mutaxassisi hamda uning evaziga beriladigan to'lovni baholashda ikki mutaxassis baholaydi.

In these three types, what was contracted upon was the benefit in each one of them. So the thing upon which the contract occurred is the benefit. The money mentioned is the exchange for this benefit. Hence the basis upon which estimating the wage is based is the benefit given by this thing or this work or that person. It is not in relation to the value of the thing worked upon or its price nor his productivity in relation to the employee just as is not paying for the needs of the employee. Thus there does not enter the elevation of the living standard, or its lowering, in estimating it. It is not valid to return estimating the wage to the value of the thing or its price or the worker’s productivity or fulfilment of his needs; nor does raising or lowering the living standard enter into its estimation. Its estimation returns to only one thing which is the benefit since it is a benefit upon benefit for compensation. The wage is estimated according to the measure of benefit upon which the hiring contract occurred. During difference (of opinion) over the amount of wage, it is not estimated by evidence and proof as there is no role for evidence therein since it does not require proving the wage. Rather, knowing its amount and its estimation is by the estimation of two experts in the benefit over which the benefit occurs, and two experts in the estimation of its compensation.

Bu ish haqining asosi, ya'ni ish haqi baholanadigan birlik masalasiga tegishlidir. Uning farqlanish jihatiga kelsak, u shaxslardagi va bir xil ishdagi hamda turli ishlardagi, shuningdek vaqt va joydagi manfaatning farqiga qarab farqlanadi. Shaxslarning manfaatiga nisbatan shartnoma tuzilgan ishchilarning ish haqi ular sarflaydigan kuch-quvvatga ko'ra farqlanadi. Shuning uchun ish haqi kuchlilar uchun shuncha, zaiflar uchun shuncha, shuningdek shuncha soat ish uchun shuncha qilib belgilanadi. Ko'proq soat uchun yuqoriroq to'lov, kamroq soat uchun kamroq to'lov beriladi va hokazo. Ijara shartnomasi tuzilgan bir ish uchun ish haqini belgilash, ushbu ishning ma'lum miqdordagi manfaatiga asoslanadi va bu ishni bajaruvchi shaxslar o'rtasida ularning shu sohadagi mahoratining farqiga ko'ra farqlanadi, masalan muhandislar kabi. Shunday qilib, muhandisga alohida ish haqi beriladi va muhandislar o'rtasida mahorat farqiga ko'ra ish haqi farqlanadi. Xuddi shunday, turli ishlar uchun ish haqini belgilash, ularda ishlovchilarni ishga olish vaqtida ko'zda tutilgan, ya'ni ishlab chiqaruvchilarning jamiyatdagi manfaatiga ko'ra amalga oshiriladi. Shu sababli bu ishlar uchun ish haqi ularning jamiyatdagi manfaati farqiga ko'ra farqlanadi: muhandisning ish haqi ma'lum miqdorda, qurувchining ish haqi boshqa miqdorda va hokazo bo'ladi. Bir ish yoki turli ishlardagi kishilarning ish haqini turli vaqtlarda belgilash ham turlicha amalga oshiriladi. Masalan, bir xil ishda kechasi ishlaydigan ishchiga kunduzi ishlaydigan ishchiga qaraganda ko'proq to'lanadi. Xuddi shunday, bir ish yoki turli ishlar uchun odamlarning ish haqini belgilash bir joyda boshqa joydagiga nisbatan turlicha amalga oshiriladi. Masalan, cho'lda ishlaydigan ishchiga shaharda xuddi shu ishni bajaruvchi ishchiga qaraganda ko'proq to'lanadi va hokazo. Ish haqini vaqtincha, ma'lum muddat bilan, masalan soatbay, kunbay, oylik va yillik tarzda belgilash ruxsat etilgan.

This is in relation to the aspect of the basis of the wage, or in other words the unit upon which estimating the wage occurs. As for the aspect of its difference, it differs according to difference of the benefit in persons and in one job and different jobs, and in the time and place, The wage of workers over whom the contract came over the benefits of their persons will differ according to the effort which they expend, so the wage is estimated as so much for the strong and so much for the weak; and so much wage for so many hours of work. For more hours a higher pay and for lesser hours, lesser pay and so on. The estimation of wage for one job over which the contract of hiring was formed based on the the benefit of work by a specific amount, and it will differ between the persons who perform this work according to the difference of their expertise therein like engineers for example. So the engineer will be given a particular wage, and it will differ between engineers by the difference of the expertise. Similarly is the estimation of the wage for different jobs according to the benefit intended therein during the hiring of those working therein i.e. the producers. The wage for these jobs will differ by the difference of their benefit in the society so the engineer’s wage will be a particular amount, the builder’s wage a particular amount and so on. The estimation of the wage of the people in one job or different jobs at different times is estimated differently at different times. For example, the worker at night is given more than the worker working during daytime in the same job. Similarly the estimation of the wage for people takes place, for one job and for different jobs differently on one place than in another place. For example the worker in the desert is given more than the worker doing the same job in the city and so on. And it is permitted to estimate the wage temporarily by a specific time like hourly, daily, monthly and annually.