23. Jizya

23. Jizya - Islomiy shaxsiyat | Quran Course

Abu Ubayda dedi: “Biz deb hisoblaymizki, bu yerda Al-Hasan arablardan degan so‘zi bilan ularning orasidagi, Kitob ahli bo‘lmagan but-parastlarni nazarda tutgan. Kitob ahliga kelsak, Allah elchisi ﷺ ulardan jizya olgan, bu hadislarda ravshan ko‘rsatilgan.” Payg‘ambar ﷺ arablardan biron but-parastdan jizya olgani sobit emas, va u Al-Fath surasi hamda At-Tavba surasidagi oyatlar nozil bo‘lganidan keyin Islomdan yoki urushdan boshqasini qabul qilmagan. Yamanliklar va Najron ahli kabi arablardan jizya olgani rivoyat qilinadigan narsaga kelsak, u faqat Kitob ahli — nasroniylar va yahudiylardan olgan. U arablardagi but-parastlardan olmagan. Jizya qabul qilinadigan kishilarga shuni aniq bayon qilish kerakki, ular jizyani yilda bir marta to‘lashga majburdirlar. Boylardan olinadigan miqdor shu, kambag‘allardan esa belgilangan miqdor olinadi. Allohning “qo‘l orqali” degan so‘zi sababli, ya’ni qodirlikka qarab, kambag‘aldan olinmaydi; ayollar va bolalardan ham olinmaydi. Jizya faqat uni to‘lashga qodir balog‘atga yetgan erkakdan olinadi. Rivoyat qilinadiki, Nofi’ Aslamdan, u Umarning sog‘lig‘i (ozod qilingan qul)dan naql qiladi.

Abu Ubaydah said: ‘We view that Al-Hasan meant by the Arabs here the people of idols among them who were not of the People of the Book. As for those of the People of the Book, the Messenger of Allah (saw) did accept it (jizyah) from them and this is clear in the ahadith.’ It is not established that the Prophet (saw) took jizyah from any idol-worshipper from the Arabs, and he did not accept after the revelation of the ayah of (Surah) Al-Fath and Surah At-Tawbah other than Islam or war. As for what is narrated of his taking jizyah from the Arabs like the people of Yemen and the people of Najran, verily he only took it from the People of the Book, the Christians and Jews. He did not take it from the idol-worshippers among the Arabs. It is necessary to clarify to those from whom the jizyah is accepted that they are obliged once a year to pay the jizyah. And that what is taken from the rich is this amount, and from the poor is a specific amount. It is not taken from the poor due to Allah’s statement: “by hand” i.e. based on ability, and it is not taken from the women and children. Jizyah is not taken from them except from the mature man capable of paying it. It is narrated from Nafi from Aslam the slave of Umar