12.11 无法从其宣述链(sanad)证实某段圣训的真实性,并不表明该圣训是弱圣训
12.11 The Inability To Prove The Authenticity Of A Hadīth From Its Sanad Does Not Indicate That It Is A Weak Hadīth
圣训被接受的条件之一是其传述链(sanad)的强度。然而应当知道,判定某一圣训的传述链为弱,并不必然意味着该圣训本身是弱的,因为它可能另有其他传述链;某位伊玛目也可能指出,它只是通过这一传述路线传来的。因此,凡遇到传述链薄弱的圣训,较为周全的说法是:“此圣训以这一传述链为弱”,而不应无条件地判定其内容为弱。所以,否定某条传述链并不必然导致否定该圣训。另外,还有一些圣训从传述链的角度看未被证实,但当它在人与人之间口耳相传,人们对其真实性感到满意,便无需再追问其传述链。这类例子很多,比如这段圣训:
The strength of the sanad is considered a condition in accepting a hadīth. However it should be known that judging the sanad of a specific hadith as weak does not necessarily mean the hadīth is weak in itself since it might have another isnād though an imam who might state that it has not been recieved except from this line of transmission. So, whoever finds a hadīth with a weak isnād, it is more inclusive to say that it is weak with this isnād but the text is not judged as weak without qualification. Therefore the rejection of the isnād does not necessitate the rejection of the hadīth. However, there are ahadīth which are not proved from the perspective of the isnād but when it is received from people to people they are satisfied with its authenticity and are in no need to ask for the isnād. There are many examples for this, such as the hadīth:
“不得为继承人设立遗嘱(wasiyya)” [Reported by Tirmidhi & Nisai on the authority of Amr bin Kharija]
“There shall be no bequest (wasiyya) to an heir” [Reported by Tirmidhi & Nisai on the authority of Amr bin Kharija]
以及圣训:
and the hadīth:
“血金”(diyya)由血亲(‘aqila)承担。” [伊本·马哲(Ibn Majah)引述穆吉拉·本·舒baa(AlMughira bin Shu’ba)的传述]
“The blood money (diyya) is for the immediate blood relatives ('aqila)” [Narrated by Ibn Majah on the authority of AlMughira bin Shu’ba].
有许多类似的例子。
There are many other examples like this.