The Khilafah is not contracted by appointing a successor or heir, because it is a contract between the Muslims and the Khalifah. The pledge by the Muslims and the acceptance from the person whom they elect is a condition in the contract of the Khilafah. The appointment of a successor or heir does not suit to include this condition, so the Khilafah is not established with it. Accordingly, the appointment of the next Khalifah, by the existing Khalifah, is not included in the Khilafah contract because he does not have the right to contract it, and because the Khilafah is a right of the Muslims, not the Khalifah, and they contract it to whom they wish. So the appointment of the next Khalifah or recommending him by the existing Khalifah is not correct, because he gives something which he does not possess. Giving something which is not possessed by the giver is illegal. So the existing Khalifah cannot appoint another Khalifah to succeed him, whether he was his son or relative or a person remote to him, and the Khilafah is not contracted to him at all because its contract was not carried out by those who have it. Thus it is a redundant (fudhuli) contract. Translation: 哈里发职位不能通过指定继任者或继承人来订立，因为哈里发职位的契约是穆斯林与哈里发之间的契约。穆斯林的宣誓效忠，以及被他们选出之人的接受，是哈里发契约的条件。指定继承人或继位者不适合包含这一条件，因此哈里发职位不会因此而确立。据此，现任哈里发指定下一任哈里发，并不属于哈里发契约的范围，因为他没有权利订立这一契约；而且哈里发职位是穆斯林的权利，而非哈里发本人的权利，他们可以将其授予自己所愿之人。所以，现任哈里发指定或推荐下一任哈里发是不正确的，因为他给予的是他并不拥有的东西。给予并不拥有的东西是不合法的。因此，现任哈里发不能指定另一人接替自己，无论此人是他的儿子、亲属，还是与他关系疏远的人，哈里发职位也完全不能授予此人，因为其契约并非由拥有该权利的人所订立。因此，这是一项无效的契约（fudhuli，即越权的契约）。