29.1 凡人所不得食用之物,买卖亦被禁止
29.1 Everything Forbidden For Man, Trading It Is Also Forbidden
有些事物是真主(SWT)所禁止的,例如食用腐肉、饮酒、拥有偶像、购置雕像、制作绘画。对于所有这些事物,都有沙里亚经文的经文(ayaat)和圣训(ahadith)加以禁止。凡是真主(SWT)为祂的仆人所禁止的事物,而对于禁止它的经文已经降示的,无论祂禁止的是食用、饮用还是其他方面,那么,因为禁止了它们的价格,出售这些事物也就变成了哈拉姆(禁止的)。据哲比尔传述,他听到真主的使者(ﷺ)说:
There are things which Allah (swt) forbade like eating carrion meat, like drinking alcohol, like owning idols, like acquiring statues, like manufacturing paintings. For all these things, there came Shari’ah texts of ayaat and ahadith forbidding them. Whatever Allah (swt) forbid for his slaves from things for which Shari’ah text has been revealed forbidding it, whether He (swt) forbade eating or drinking other than that, then selling these things became haram due to forbidding their price. It is narrated from Jabir that he heard the Messenger of Allah (saw) saying:
“真的,安拉和祂的使者禁止售卖酒、死物、猪和偶像。有人问道:安拉的使者啊,那死物的油脂呢?因为船只要涂它,皮革要抹它,人们也用它点灯。他说:不,那是非法的(哈拉姆)。然后安拉的使者ﷺ就此说道:愿安拉毁灭犹太人。当安拉禁止了死物的油脂,他们便将其加工后出售,并吃掉其价款。当安拉禁止某个民族食用某物时,祂也禁止他们获取该物的价款。”
“Verily Allah and His Messenger forbade selling alcohol, carrion, pig and idols. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, what about the grease of carrion because ships are anointed with it, skins are greased and people light themselves a lamp with it? He said: No, it is haram. Then the Messenger of Allah (saw) said regarding that: May Allah perish the Jews. When Allah forbade its grease, they embellished then sold it and ate its price. When Allah forbade for a people eating something, He forbade its price for them.”
这段伊斯兰教法文本在禁令上并无理由说明,也没有其他文本对其加以论证。因此,该禁令保持为无理由限定的一般性禁令。所以不能说禁止的理由是缺乏允许的好处,从而推出如果存在允许的好处就可以允许的结论,因为文本中没有理由说明的情况是明确的。也不能从中理解出它是有理由的。因此,无论其中是否存在允许的好处,出售被禁止之物都是被禁止的。据此,出售偶像和十字架是被禁止的;如果是有生命之物的雕像,例如人或动物的雕像,出售雕像也是被禁止的。出售所画的画像同样是被禁止的。
This Shari’ah text in forbidding is not reasoned nor does there exist another text which reasons it. Hence it remains unrestricted without being reasoned. So it is not said the reason in forbidding it is the absence of an allowed benefit, so as to conclude from there that if there was an allowed benefit it would be permitted because the absence of reasoning is clear in the text. Nor is it possible to understand from it that it is reasoned. Therefore selling what is forbidden upon the slaves is forbidden whether there is within it an allowed benefit or not. Accordingly it is forbidden to sell idols and crosses, and it is forbidden to sell statues if they are statues of something with life like the human being or animal. And it is forbidden to sell paintings drawn