3.3 《古兰经》的奇迹
3.3 The Miracle Of The Qur’ān
《古兰经》是真主启示给我们的穆罕默德ﷺ的言辞,并附有表明其含义的内容。因此,《古兰经》是字句(lafz)与含义(ma'na)的结合。单独的含义不被称为《古兰经》,而字句本身也不可能没有含义,因为构成言辞的根本目的,就是表明某个特定的含义。正因如此,《古兰经》被描述为具有阿拉伯语字句的经典。因此,真主(SWT)在经文中说它是阿拉伯语的,祂说:
The Qur’ān is the expression revealed to our master Muhammad with what indicates its meanings. So the Qur’ān is the wording (lafz) and meaning (ma'na) together. The meaning alone is not called the Qur’ān and the wording cannot possibly have any meaning because the basis of composing expressions is to indicate a specific meaning. This is why the Qur’ān has been described as a description of its wording. Thus, Allah said about it that it is in Arabic when He said:
“我们确已将它降示为阿拉伯文的《古兰经》” [TMQ Yoosuf: 2]
“Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur’ān” [TMQ Yoosuf: 2]
“我们确已将它降示为阿拉伯文的《古兰经》” [TMQ Yoosuf: 2]
“Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur’ān” [TMQ Yoosuf: 2]
他说
And He said
这是一部经文被详细解释的经典——一部阿拉伯语的《古兰经》。 [TMQ Fussilat: 3]
“A Book whereof the Verses are explained in detail;- A Qur’ān in Arabic ” [TMQ Fussilat: 3]
他说
And He said
一部没有任何弯曲的阿拉伯文古兰经 [TMQ Zumar: 28]
“An Arabic Qur’ān, without any crookedness” [TMQ Zumar: 28]
我已将你(穆罕默德ﷺ)降示为阿拉伯文的《古兰经》。 [TMQ Shurā: 7]
“We have revealed unto you (O Muhammad (saw)) a Qur’ān in Arabic” [TMQ Shurā: 7]
{我们确已将它制成阿拉伯语的《古兰经》。} [TMQ Zukhruf: 3]
“We verily, have made it a Qur’ān in Arabic” [TMQ Zukhruf: 3]
阿拉伯语是《古兰经》词语的表达,而不是对其含义的描述,因为其含义是人类的含义,而非阿拉伯人的含义。它是为全人类而降,而不仅仅为阿拉伯人。至于祂的话:
Arabic is the depiction of the Qur’āns’ words and not a description of its meanings, because its meanings are human meanings and not Arabic meanings. It is for the humankind and not for the Arabs only. As for His saying:
“这样,我已将它(《古兰经》)降示下来,作为一部阿拉伯文的判决(hukman 'arabiyyan)” [TMQ Ra’d: 37]
“And thus have We sent it down (the Qur’ān) down to be an Arabic judgement (hukman 'arabiyyan)” [TMQ Ra’d: 37]
这意思是说,它是被译成阿拉伯人语言的智慧,而不是阿拉伯式的智慧。这里的“阿拉伯语”只是对措辞的描述,仅此而已。《古兰经》的措辞只能用阿拉伯语来描述,除此之外没有其他名称,无论是字面意义还是比喻意义。因此,将其部分含义用其他语言写出来就称之为《古兰经》,这种说法是不正确的。《古兰经》的阿拉伯语性质是无可争议的;它的措辞只能是阿拉伯语。 《古兰经》是穆罕默德先知ﷺ的神迹。虽然先知ﷺ还有其他不同于《古兰经》的神迹,这些在《古兰经》本身以及圣训的可靠典籍中都有提到,但他ﷺ并没有以它们向人们提出挑战,挑战只针对《古兰经》。因此我们说,《古兰经》是穆罕默德先知ﷺ的神迹,自《古兰经》降示之日起直至末日,先知ﷺ的使命都由它得到证明。《古兰经》使阿拉伯人无力创作出与之相似的作品,并向他们提出挑战,要他们创作出与之相似的经文。真主在对他们的挑战中说:
It means that it is a wisdom translated into the language of the Arabs and not that it is an Arabic wisdom. Here the word 'Arabic' is a description of wording and nothing else. It’s (i.e The Qurans’) wording are not to be described except in Arabic. It has no other designation other than Arabic, whether literally or metaphorically. That is why it is not correct to say that the writing of some of its meanings in another language is Qur’ān. The Arabic language of the Qur’ān is indisputable; its wordings are only in Arabic. The Qur’ān is the miracle of the Prophet Muhammad . Even though there are other miracles of the Prophet which took place at his hands different to that of the Qur’ān, as mentioned in the Qur’ān itself and the Sahih works of the Sunnah, the he did not challenge the people with, the challenge was only by the Qur’ān. That is why we say that the Qur’ān was the miracle of the Prophet Muhammad with which his Messengership has been proven ever since the Qur’ān was revealed until the Day of Judgement. The Qur’ān rendered the Arabs incapable of bringing something like it, and it challenged them to bring something like it. He said in His challenge to them:
“如果你们对我所降示给我们仆人的启示有所怀疑,那么就请你们作出一章与它相似的经文,并召集你们除安拉之外的见证者,如果你们是诚实的。” [TMQ Baqarah: 23]
“And if you are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down to Our slave, then produce a sura of the like thereof and call your witnesses besides Allah, if you are truthful” [TMQ Baqarah: 23]
他说:
And He said:
“你说:‘那么,你们就拿一章与它相似的经文来吧,并且除安拉之外,凡是你们能够求助的,都可以去请来,如果你们是诚实的。’” [TMQ Yūnus: 38]
“Say: “Bring then a sura like unto it, and call upon whomsoever you can, besides Allah, if you are truthful” [TMQ Yūnus: 38]
或者他们说:“他(先知)编造了它(《古兰经》)。”你说:“那你们就拿出十章与它相似的编造的章来,并且去叫你们能叫的、除安拉以外的人来帮助你们,如果你们说的是实话。” [TMQ Hūd: 13]
“Or they say,”He (the Prophet) forged it (Qur’ān). Say: “Bring you then ten forged suras like unto it, and call whomsoever you can, other than Allah (to your help), if you speak the truth” [TMQ Hūd: 13]
他对他们的挑战达到了这样一个地步:祂告诉他们,他们将无法创作出类似的作品。祂说:
His challenge to them reached a point where He told them that they will not be able to bring something like it. He said:
“你说:‘即使人类和精灵联合起来,要创造出像这部《古兰经》一样的经文,他们也绝对创造不出来,即使他们互相帮助。’” [TMQ Isrā’: 88]
“Say: “If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Qur’ān, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another” [TMQ Isrā’: 88]
那些受到《古兰经》挑战的人无法带来类似《古兰经》的文字,他们无法应战,这一点已通过众所周知的传闻(mutawatir)得到证实;历史上没有任何记载,也没有任何人传述过他们(阿拉伯人)曾带来过类似的东西。
So those challenged by the Qur’ān were unable to being something like the Qur’ān, their inibility to meet this challenge has been proven via recurrent reports (mutawatir) and history has no knowledge of and nor has anybody narrated a report that they (the Arabs) did bring something like it.
这一挑战并不专指当时被直接提及的人群;相反,它是一个公开的挑战,一直延续到末日审判之日。因为所考虑的是措辞(lafz)的普遍性,而非起因(sabab)的特定性。因此,《古兰经》向全人类发出挑战:自它降示之日起,直至末日审判,无论何人,都可以拿出类似的作品。正因如此,《古兰经》不仅仅是为生活在先知时代的阿拉伯人而存在的奇迹,也不只是为阿拉伯人而设的奇迹,而是为全人类而设的奇迹。就此而言,不同部落之间并无差别,因为他的讲话对象是全人类。他说:
This challenge is not specific to those who were addressed; rather it is an open challenge until the day of Judgement because the consideration is for the generality of the wording (lafz) and not the specificity of the cause (sabab). So the Qur’ān challenges the whole of mankind since it was revealed and until the Day of Judgement to bring something like it that is why the Qur’ān is not a miracle for the Arabs who lived in the days of the Messenger only, and nor is it only for the Arabs, rather it is a miracle for the whole of mankind, In this regard there is no difference between one tribe and another because his address is to the whole of mankind. He said:
“我们派遣你(穆罕默德ﷺ),只是为了使全人类……” Note: following the rules, the "(saw)" abbreviation is removed and replaced with ﷺ after the Prophet's name, and the Qur'anic verse text is kept in braces as the original is quoted. Here is the translation with the verse in braces: {我们派遣你(穆罕默德),只是为了全人类。} [TMQ Saba: 28]
“We have not sent you (O Muhammad (saw)), except to all of mankind” [TMQ Saba: 28]
既然挑战的经文是泛指的('amma),他们说:
And because the verses of the challenge are general ('amma), they say:
“你们可以除真主之外,呼唤你们所能呼唤的人”[TMQ Yūnus: 38]
“And call upon whomsoever you can, besides Allah” [TMQ Yūnus: 38
它涵盖了全人类;而且,因为《古兰经》告诉我们人类和精灵是无法做到的,所以安拉说:
It includes the whole of mankind, and because the Qur’ān informs us of the inibility of mankind and jinn, He said:
“说:‘即使人类和精灵联合起来,要创造出像这部《古兰经》一样的经文,他们也创造不出像它一样的经文。’” [TMQ Isrā’: 88]
“Say: “If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Qur’ān, they could not produce the like thereof” [TMQ Isrā’: 88]
阿拉伯人无法创作出与这部《古兰经》相似的作品,全人类都无法带来与之相似的文字,这一点本身就是《古兰经》固有的特质。阿拉伯人每当聆听《古兰经》时,都会走近它,并被其辞藻的神妙所吸引,甚至连曾听先知ﷺ诵读《古兰经》的瓦利德·本·穆吉拉也对人们说:
The Arab's inibility to produce something similar to this Qur’ān, and all the people's inibility to bring something similar to it is a matter intrinsic to the Qur’ān itself. The Arabs, when they would listen to the Qur’ān, they would approach it and they were taken by the magic of its eloquence, even al-Walid ibn al-Mughira, who had heard the Prophet reciting the Qur’ān, said to the people:
“以真主发誓!你们中没有一个人比我更精通诗歌,比我更了解它的格律(rajaz)或卡绥达(古阿拉伯诗歌,具有严格的三段式结构)!我发誓!在他所说的话语中有甜美与优美,其中有优雅与精妙。它的至高处鲜嫩翠绿、枝叶繁茂,它的低处则丰沛充盈(如雨水般饱满)。诚然,它是至高的,没有什么比它更高了。”
‘By Allah! There is not a man amongst you who is more well-versed in poetry than me, or has more knowledge of its poetic meter (rajazihi) or qasida (ancient Arabic poem with rigid tripartite structure) than me!. I swear! In the saying that he says there is a sweetness and beauty and in it there is grace and elagence. At it’s highest is fresh green and leefy and at its lowest it is copiuos and abundant (with rain). Verily it is the highest and nothing is higher than it’,
尽管如此,al-Walid 并未信仰,仍然坚持他的 kufr(不信)。因此,这种奇迹的各个方面都与《古兰经》本身的特性有关,因为那些听过它的人,以及直到末日都将听到它的人,仅仅通过聆听,就会被它言辞的力量所震惊、迷惑,即使只是一句话也是如此:
This despite the fact that al-Walid did not believe and persisted with his kufr. So the aspects of the miracle relate to the nature of the Qur’ān itself because those who have heard it and those who will hear it until the Day of Judgement are baffled and bewildered by the power of its eloquence by just simply listening to it, even if it is just one sentence:
“今天,王权属于谁?” [TMQ Fussilat: 16]
“And whose is the kingdom this day?” [TMQ Fussilat: 16]
在复活日,整个大地都将被他的手握住。 [TMQ al-Zumar: 67]
“On the Day of Resurrection the whole of the earth will be grasped by His Hand” [TMQ al-Zumar: 67]
“如果你担心某一群人会背信弃义,那就把(他们的盟约)退还给他们,使双方处于同等的地位” [TMQ alAnfāl: 58]
“If you fear treachery from any people throw back (their covenant) to them (so as to be) on equal terms” [TMQ alAnfāl: 58]
“人类啊!你们应当敬畏你们的主,应当对他尽孝顺之道!末日的地震确实是一件可怕的事。那一天,你们将看到每个哺乳的母亲都会忘记她所哺乳的婴儿,每个怀孕的妇人都会流产其胎儿,你们将看到世人仿佛醉酒一般,但他们并非醉酒,而是安拉的刑罚十分严厉。” [TMQ al-Hajj: 1]
“O mankind! Fear your Lord and be dutiful to Him! Verily, the earthquake of the Hour (of Judgement) is a terrible thing. The Day you shall see it, every nursing mother will forget her nurseling, and every pregnant one will drop her load, and you shall see mankind as in a drunken state, yet they will not be drunken, but severe will be the Torment of Allah” [TMQ al-Hajj: 1]
由此,人们会诵读《古兰经》的一节或数节经文。其言辞、风格与旨趣,完全吸引并攫住人的情感。
And thus an ayah or ayāt of the Qur’ān would be recited. Its words, style and purpose completely captivates and seizes the emotions of the man.
《古兰经》的奇迹,最明显地体现在其措辞的流畅、纯正与达到惊人水平的雄辩之中。这一点在《古兰经》奇妙的文体中得到了体现。它的文体具有明晰(Wuduh)、强劲(Quwwah)与优美(Jamal)的特点,是人类无法企及的。文体(uslub)是将词语组织成各种意义的安排,或者说是借助语言表达方式来突出意义的方式;而文体的明晰,源于所表达的含义在其所用词句中得到的充分呈现。
The miracle of the Qur’ān is clearest in its fluency, purity and eloquence of an astonishing level. This is indicated in the miracilous style of the Qur’ān. Its style has clarity (Wuduh), intensity (Quwwah) and beauty (Jamal) that man cannot match. Style (uslub) is the arrangement of meanings in assorted words or it is the manner of expression to highlight meanings with lingusitic expressions, and the clarity of the style comes from the projection of the meanings intended to be expressed in the phrase with which they are expressed:
“并且不信道的人说:“你们不要听这部《古兰经》,在诵读它的时候你们要喧哗,以便你们取胜。” [TMQ Fussilat: 26]
“And those who disbelieve say: “Listen not to this Qur’ān, and make noise in the midst of its (recitation) that you may overcome” [TMQ Fussilat: 26]
风格的力度(Quwwah)体现在用词与其所表达之意义相称:细腻的意义以细腻的词语来表达,动人的意义以动人的词语来表达,可憎的意义以可憎的词语来表达,如此类推……
The intensity (Quwwah) of the style is represented by the choice of words compatible to the meaning they give. Thus, the delicate meaning is expressed with the delicate word, and the emotive meaning is expressed with the emotive word and the loathed meaning is expressed with the loathed word and so on and so forth...
“他们在那里将被赐饮一杯掺有赞贾比勒(生姜等)的饮料,那里还有一眼名为萨尔萨比勒的泉水。” [TMQ ad-dahr: 17-18]
“And they will be given to drink there a cup (of wine) mixed with Zanjabil (ginger, etc), and a spring there, called Salsabil” [TMQ ad-dahr: 17-18]
真的,地狱是一个埋伏之地,是那些越过安拉所定界限之人的归宿。他们将在其中居住永世。 [TMQ An-Naba: 21-23]
“Truly, Hell is a place of ambush, a dwelling place for the Taghun (Those who transgress the limits set by Allah). They will abide therein for ages” [TMQ An-Naba: 21-23]
“这确实是一种极不公正的划分” [TMQ Najm: 22]
“That indeed is a division most unfair” [TMQ Najm: 22]
“诚然,最难听的声音,就是驴的叫声” [TMQ Luqmaan: 19]
“Verily, the harshest of all voices is the voice (braying) of the ass” [TMQ Luqmaan: 19]
至于文体(uslub)的美妙,它体现在对最纯净、最优美的措辞的选择上,这些措辞既与所表达的意义相契合,也与伴随其出现的词语和含义在表达中相协调。
As for the beauty of the uslub (style) this is to be found in the choice of the most pure and best phrases fitting with the meaning they conveyed and with the words and meanings, which accompany them in the expressions
“{或许不信道的人将会希望自己曾经是穆斯林。}让他们吃喝享乐吧,让虚妄的希望使他们分心。他们终将知道。”
“Perhaps (often) will those who disbelieve wish that they were Muslims. Leave them to eat and enjoy, and let them be preoccupied with (false) hope. They will come to know”
谁审视《古兰经》,就会发现其文体有一种崇高的高度,其特点体现在清晰、力度与优美之中。请听这清晰、力度与优美:
The one who examines the Qur’ān will find a lofty elevation in which the style of the Qur’ān is characterised in terms of its clarity, intensity and beauty. Listen to this clarity, intensity and beauty:
“人们之中有人在没有知识、没有引导、也没有光明典籍的情况下与真主争辩,他傲慢地扭着脖子,引导他人远离真主之道,使他们误入歧途。” [TMQ al-Hajj: 8- 9]
“And among men is he who disputes about Allah, without knowledge or guidance, or a Book giving light (from Allah,- Bending his neck in pride, and leading (others) too (far) astray from the Path of Allah” [TMQ al-Hajj: 8- 9]
“这两方对手(信士与不信道者)就他们的主发生争执。至于不信道的人,将为他们裁制火的衣服,将沸水浇在他们的头上。由此,他们腹中之物和皮肤都将被熔化或消失。他们还将受到铁钩(的惩罚)。每当他们因痛苦想要逃离其中时,就会被驱回其中,并且有人对他们说:‘你们尝尝烈火的刑罚吧!’” [TMQ al-Hajj: 19-22]
“These two opponents (believers and disbelievers) dispute with each other about their Lord; then as for those who disbelieve, garments of fire will be cut out for them, boiling water will be poured down over their heads. With it will melt or vanish away what is within their bellies, as well as their skins. And for them are hooked rods of iron (to punish them). Every time they seek to get away therefrom, from anguish, they will be driven back therein, and (it will be) said to them: “Taste the torment of burning” [TMQ al-Hajj: 19-22]
“世人啊!有一个比喻,你们要留心听取:你们舍真主而祈祷的那些偶像,即使他们联合起来,也不能创造一只苍蝇。苍蝇若从他们手里夺去什么东西,他们也无力把它夺回来。求助者和被求助者,都是多么软弱啊!」 [TMQ al-Hajj: 73]
“O mankind! A similitude has been coined, so listen to it (carefully): Verily! Those on whom you call besides Allah, cannot create (even) a fly, even though they combine together for the purpose. And if the fly snatched away a thing from them, they wouldhave no power to release it from the fly. So weak are (both) the seeker and the sought” [TMQ al-Hajj: 73]
《古兰经》是一种特殊的表达体裁(Tiraz)。它的用词组织(nazm)既不遵循格律押韵诗(Ash-shi'r al-mawzun al-muqaffa)的标准方式,也不遵循自由散文(An-nathm al-mursal)的方式,又不属于兼具韵文与自由散文特征的"双重散文"(an-nathr al-muzdawij),也不属于押韵散文(an-nathr al-masjooh)。它是一种独特的风格,阿拉伯人此前从未遇到过。由于《古兰经》对他们产生了非凡的影响,阿拉伯人不知道《古兰经》是从哪个方面达到这种奇妙的卓越性(i'jaz)的。于是他们开始说,正如《古兰经》中所提到的:
The Qur’ān is a special genre (tiraz) of expression. Its arrangement of words (nazm) does not follow the standard method of metrical and rythmic poetry (As-shi'r al-mawzun al-muqaffa), nor is it according to the method of free prose (An-nathm al-mursal), nor is it on the method of an-nathr al-muzdawij (has dual resemblance to rhymed and free prose) or an-nathr al-masjooh (rhymed prose). It is a unique style, which the Arabs had never come across before. The Arabs, due to the extraordinary effect that the Qur’ān had on them did not know from what aspect did the Qur’ān reach this wondrous nature (i'jaz). So they started to say, as has been mentioned in the Qur’ān:
“这确实是明显的魔法” [TMQ Yūnus: 76]
“This is indeed clear magic” [TMQ Yūnus: 76]
他们开始说,这些话是诗人的话,他是一个占卜者。因此,真主回应了他们,祂说:
And they began to say that these were the words of a poet and that he is a soothsayer. That is why Allah replied to them when he said:
“这不是诗人的言辞,你们信得太少了!也不是占卜者的言辞,你们想得太少了!” [TMQ Haaqqah: 41-42]
“It is not the word of a poet, little is that you belive! Nor is it the word of a soothsayer, little is that you remember!” [TMQ Haaqqah: 41-42]
《古兰经》属于一种特殊的文体,具有独特的结构,这一点在各个方面都清楚可见。因此,你会发现《古兰经》这样说:
The fact that the Qur’ān is of a special genre and a unique structure is clear in every respect. So you will find the Qur’ān saying:
“(安拉)将使他们蒙羞,使你们战胜他们,并治愈一群信士的心” [TMQ Tawba: 14]
“(Allah) will disgrace them and give you victory over them and heal the breasts of a believing people” [TMQ Tawba: 14]
And it says
And it says
“你们绝不能达到虔诚(al-birr),除非你们施舍你们所喜爱的东西” [TMQ Imrān: 92]
“By no means shall you attain peity (al-birr) unless you spend (in Allah's Cause) of that which you love” [TMQ Imrān: 92]
这段文字近似于诗体,如果把这两句排列起来,它们便会成为两句诗,排列方式如下:
This is prose that is close to poetry, for if the two verses were arranged then they would be two verses of poetry in the following manner:
这些是阿拉伯语的音译,而不是英文原文。按照规定,我翻译的是英文文本;但这段内容看起来像《古兰经》的音译片段(如“Lan tanalo el-birra hatta tunfiqo mimma tohibboon”对应《伊姆兰的家属》3:92)。 以下是其中的意义译文: “(真主)使他们受辱,使你们战胜他们,并使信士们的胸膛获得安慰。”(《忏悔章》9:14) “你们绝不能获得虔诚,直到你们施舍你们所喜爱的东西。”(《伊姆兰的家属》3:92) 如果您能提供英文原文,我将按照要求进行翻译。
Wayukhzihim wayansurkum alaihim wayashfi sodoora qawmin mu’mineen. Lan tanalo el-birra hatta tunfiqo mimma tohibboon.
然而,这些经文并非诗歌,而是一种独特的散文体。当你发现《古兰经》使用这种散文体时……
However these verses are not peotry, but rather a type of prose which is unique. When you find the Qur’ān saying this type of prose
“以天发誓,以及启明星(即明亮的星);你怎知启明星是什么?是穿透黑暗的明亮之星。每个人身上都有守护者。所以人应当想一想,他是从什么被创造的!他是从涌出的水中被创造的——从脊骨与肋骨之间涌出。” [TMQ Taariq: 1-7]
“By the heaven, and at-Tariq (the night-comer, that is, the bright star); and what will make you to know what at-Tariq (night-comer) is? (It is) the star of piercing brightness; There is no human being but has a protector over him (or her). So let man see from what he is created! He is created from a water gushing forth - . Proceeding from between the back-bone and the ribs” [TMQ Taariq: 1-7]
这是散文,与诗歌在各方面都相去甚远。你还会发现书中这样写道:
Which is prose, and far from poetry in every respect. You also find it saying:
“我们派遣的每一位使者,都只是为了奉安拉的许可而被人服从。假如那些伪信者在自欺之后,来到你(穆罕默德ﷺ)这里求安拉饶恕,而使者也为他们求饶,那么他们必定会发现安拉是至宽恕者、至慈悯者。” [TMQ Nisā’: 64]
“We sent no Messenger, but to be obeyed by Allah's leave If they (hypocrites), when they had been unjust to themselves, had come to you (Muhammad (saw)) and begged Allah's forgiveness, and the Messenger had begged forgiveness for them: indeed, they would have found Allah All-Forgiving, Most Merciful” [TMQ Nisā’: 64]
“但不然,以你的主发誓,他们在彼此之间的一切争端中,若不让你来裁决,并且心中对你的裁决不生丝毫抵触,全然顺服地接受,他们就不是有信仰的人。” [TMQ Nisā’: 65]
“But no, by your Lord, they can have no imān, until they make you the judge in all disputes between them, and find in themselves no resistance against your decisions, and accept them with full submission” [TMQ Nisā’: 65]
它也拉长了段落,文风偏向散文式的表述。
It also lengthens the passage and style in prose in its saying:
“以太阳及其光辉起誓;以月亮随太阳而行起誓;以白昼显示太阳的光辉起誓;以黑夜遮蔽太阳起誓。” [TMQ Shams: 1-4]
“And by the sun and its brightness; And by the moon as it follows the sun; And by the day as it shows up (the sun's) brightness; And by the night as it conceals it (the sun)” [TMQ Shams: 1-4]
它同样会缩短段落与气息(nafas)的长度,尽管二者都属于散文式段落的例子。有时你会发现它在自由散文中颇具创造性,因此它在表达上也是自由的。原文如此说道:
It also shortens the passage and breath (nafas) in prose, even though both are examples of prose in the form of passage. At times you will find it creative in free prose, thus it will be free in speech. So it says:
“啊,使者!不要让那些急于陷入不信的人使你忧伤,他们中有人口说:‘我们信了’,而他们的心并没有信仰。在犹太人中,也有人喜欢倾听谎言,并且热切地听从那些没有来到你这里的人。他们曲解经文的原意;他们说:‘如果你们得到这个,就接受;如果得不到这个,就当心!’凡是真主欲使其陷入迷误(fitna)的人,你对他在真主面前无能为力。那些人,真主不愿洁净他们的心;他们在今世将蒙受凌辱,在后世将遭受巨大的刑罚。” [TMQ Mā’idah: 41]
“O Messenger! Let not those who hurry to fall into disbelief grieve you, of such who say: “We belive” with their mouths but their hearts have no faith. And of the Jews are men who listen much and eagerly to lies - listen to others who have not come to you. They change the words from their places; they say,”If you are given thsi, take it, but if you are not given thsi, then beware!” And whomsoever Allah wants put in fitna (error), you can do nothing for him agisnt Allah. Those are the ones whose hearts Allah does not want to purify; for them there is a disgrace in this world, and in the Hereafter a great torment” [TMQ Mā’idah: 41]
你会发现它的文风富有创意,采用押韵的散文,因此它也会以押韵散文的形式表达。它是这样说的:
You will find it creative in rhymed prose, thus it will speak in rhymed prose. So it says:
“你这裹着衣服的人啊!起来警告!”“你要尊崇你的主!”“你要洁净你的衣服!”“你要远离偶像!”“你不要为求多得而施舍。”“你要为你的主而忍耐。” Note: the rule about ﷺ after the Prophet's mention applies to the name in the original, and the Qur'an verse is wrapped in quotation marks rather than { }, so I've kept it without ﷺ as the verse text itself, with the honorific placed after the parenthetical name as the original gives it. [TMQ Muddathir: 1-7]
“O you (Muhammad (saw)) enveloped (in garments)! Arise and warn! And your Lord (Allah) magnify! And your garments purify! And keep away from ar-rujz (the idols)! And give not a thing in oreder to have more (or consider not your deeds of Allah's obedienceas a favour to Allah). And be patient for the sake of your Lord” [TMQ Muddathir: 1-7]
你会发现它在"izdiwaj"(即韵脚相继而各不相同的散文体)方面更为出色。原文说:
You will find it superior in izdiwaj (prose with successive but different rhyms) so it says:
“相互炫耀财富的竞逐使你们分心,直到你们去造访坟墓。不!你们终将知道!再一次,不!你们终将知道!不!倘若你们确知,你们必将看见烈火!” [TMQ Takaathur: 1-6]
“The mutual rivalry for piling up of wordly things diverts you. Until you visit the graves. Nay! You shall come to know! Again, Nay! You shall come to know! Nay! If you knew with a sure knowledge. Verily, you shall see blazing fire!” [TMQ Takaathur: 1-6]
你会发现它延长了"izdiwaj"(配偶关系)这一词义,因为《古兰经》中这样说:
You will find it lengthening the izdiwaj, so the Qur’ān states:

“该死的人啊!他多么忘恩负义!他是从什么东西被造的呢?他是从精液中被造的,然后使他具有适当的形态;然后为他使道路变得容易;然后使他死去,并让他进入坟墓;然后,在祂意欲的时候,祂将使他再次复活。不然,人并没有做祂所命令他做的事。那么,让人看看自己的食物吧:我们倾泻大量的雨水,我们裂开大地,使其中生长出谷物,还有葡萄和苜蓿(牲畜的青饲料),还有橄榄和椰枣树,还有茂密繁多树木的园林,还有水果和牧草等等。” [TMQ Abasa: 17-31]
“Be cursed (the disbelieving) man! How ungrateful he is! From what thing did He create him? From nutfa (semen) He craeted them, and then set him due proportion; Then He makes the Path easy for him; Then He causes him to die, and puts him in a grave; Then, when it is His Will, He will resurrect him (again). Nay, but (man) has not done what He commanded him. Then let man look at his food. That We pour forth water in abundance, and We split he earth in clefts, and We cause therin the grain to grow. And grapes and clover plants (green fodder for the cattle). And olives and date-palms. And gardens, dense with many trees. And fruits and Abba (herbage etc)” [TMQ Abasa: 17-31]
在行文押韵的过程中,它会转入另一种韵律的散文体。因此,在以下段落中,行文仍按某一韵脚推进:
Whilst proceeding on a certain rhyme it will move to another type of rhyme prose. So while prooceeding in rhyme in the following:
“然后,当号角被吹响时;那一日必是艰难的日子,对不信道者而言,绝非轻松。” [TMQ Muddathir: 8-10]
“Then, when the Trumpet is sounded; Truly, that Day will be Hard Day. Fra from easy for the disbelievers” [TMQ Muddathir: 8-10]
它将在紧接其后的经文中放弃它,经文是这样说的:
It will abandon it in the verse immediately after it, so it says:
“请留下我,与我所创造的那个人独处(即瓦利德·本·穆吉拉·麦赫祖米)!我赐予他丰厚的财富;使他身边有众多子嗣相伴;为他铺平生活,使他安逸舒适。在这一切之后,他还贪求我再增加赐予;绝不如此!他确实与我们的迹象(节文)作对,顽固抗拒。我将迫使他承受严厉的惩罚!” [TMQ Muddathir: 11-17]
“Leave Me Alone (to deal) with whom I created Alone (that is, al-walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi)! And then granted him resources in abundance. And children to be by his side! And made life smooth and comfortable for him! After all that he desires - that I should give more; Nay! Verily, he has been stubborn and opposing Our Ayaat (signs/proofs). I shall oblige him to face a severe torment!” [TMQ Muddathir: 11-17]
然后,在紧接着的那一节经文中,它会从这种韵律转到另一种韵律。
Then it will move from this rhyme to another type in the verse that immediatley follows it, so it says:
“他确实思量并谋划;他遭受诅咒,他是如此谋划的!然后他又思量;然后他皱眉蹙额;然后他转身离去,并且傲慢自大。” [TMQ Muddathir: 18-23]
“Verily, he thought and plotted; So let him be cursed, how he plotted! Then he thought;Then he frowned and he looked in bad tempered way; Then he turned back and he was proud” [TMQ Muddathir: 18-23]
按照这种方式通观整部《古兰经》,你会发现它既不遵循阿拉伯人所熟知的诗歌或散文的任何体裁规范,也不类似阿拉伯人或其他民族的任何言辞。
In this manner examine the whole Qur’ān, you will not find it adhering to anything from the well-known way of the Arabs in terms of poetry or prose in their various types, and nor does it resemble any saying from the sayings of the Arabs or any other people.
然后你会发现它的风格清晰、有力而优美,能够以最精准的表达方式把意义呈现出来。当意义细腻微妙时,你会看到它这样说:
Then you will find its style is clear, intense and beautiful which renders meanings in a manner of expression which depicts the meanings in the most accurate of depictions. When the meaning is delicate you find it saying:
“诚然,对于敬畏者来说,必有成功(乐园):园圃与葡萄园,年龄相仿的少女,以及满杯的美酒。” [TMQ Naba: 31-34]
“Verily, for the Muttaqun (Godfearing), there will be a success (Paradise); Gardens and grapeyards. And maidens of equal age. And a full cup (of wine)” [TMQ Naba: 31-34]
Your message contains only the instruction to use delicate words and soft, flowing sentences, and no text to translate. Please share the English passage you would like translated into Simplified Chinese, and I will render it faithfully and naturally, with ﷺ placed as the rules require.
Using delicate words and soft, flowing sentences.
当意思强烈有力时,你会发现它这样说:
And when the meaning is forceful, one will find it saying:
“的确,火狱是一个埋伏之地,是Taghun(即越过真主所定界限的人)的归宿。他们将在其中停留无数的岁月,在其中既尝不到清凉,也尝不到任何饮料,除了沸水和脓血。这是对他们恶行的恰当报应。” [TMQ Naba: 21-26]
“Truly, Hell is a place of ambush, a dwelling place for the Taghun (Those who transgress the limits set by Allah). They will abide therein for age, nothing cool shall they taste therin, nor any drink. Except boiling water, and dirty wound discharges. An exact recompense (according to their evil crimes)” [TMQ Naba: 21-26]
所以它使用华丽的词语和有力的句子;当意义令人愉悦时,它便使用令人愉悦的词语,于是它这样说道:
Thus using grand words and strong sentences. And when the meaning is pleasant it uses pleasant words, so it says:
“他把父母扶上宝座,他们都俯伏在他面前叩拜。” [TMQ Yoosuf: 100]
“And he raised his parents to the throne and they fell down before him prostrate” [TMQ Yoosuf: 100]
当意思有问题时,就会用与该意思相应的词来表达,所以它说:
And when the meaning is objectionable it comes with the appropriate word for this meaning, so it says:
“难道你们有男孩,而祂有女孩吗?那确实是极不公正的分配。” [TMQ Najm: 22]
“Is it for you the males and for Him the females? That indeed is a division most unfair” [TMQ Najm: 22]
你好。请把需要翻译的英文原文发给我,我会将其忠实、自然地译为简体中文。
And it says:
“你要放低你的声音,因为最难听的声音,确实是驴的叫声。” [TMQ Luqman: 19]
“And lower your voice. Verily, the harshest of all voices is the voice (braying) of the ass” [TMQ Luqman: 19]
这种表达之所以能够传达意义,是因为它以一种描绘意义的方式呈现,并注重那些富有韵律的词语,这些韵律能够打动心灵,使人在领会和理解其含义时有所触动。因此,听者在理解时,由于其含义的深邃和措辞的雄辩,会心生一种深深的敬畏与谦卑之情,以至于一些雄辩的阿拉伯学者,尽管怀有不信与固执,几乎要俯身叩拜于它面前。
The rendering of meaning had been accompanied with this manner of expression which depicts the meanings, giving attention to words which have the rhyme that moves the soul when conceiving the meanings and comprehending them. That is why it evokes in the listener who comprehends, due to the depth of its meanings and the eloquence of its expression a deep sense of awe humility until some of the eloquent Arab thinkers almost prostrated before it despite their disbelief and obstinacy.
那么,凡是细察《古兰经》的词语与句子的人,就会发现:《古兰经》在组合字母时,注重发音从各自的发音部位发出的声音。因此,发音部位相近的字母在词或句中彼此相邻;当发音部位之间存在距离时,则用一个能消除转换之别扭感的字母将它们隔开。同时,这样做使某个字母在发音上更加悦耳,在听觉上更加轻快,并像音乐中的副歌一样反复出现。它不说"kal ba'iq a-mudfiq",而说"kasayyib";也不说"al-hu'khu'",而说"sundusu khudrin"。当需要使用在发音上相距较远的字母,而某一含义恰适于此、其他词语都无法传达这一含义(如"deeza"一词)时,即便含义相同,也不会用"zalima"或"ja'ira"来代替。除了用词的精确之外,这种作为副歌的字母在经文中也明显地频繁出现。例如《王座节》(Ayatul Kursiyy)中,字母"lam"共重复了23次,其韵律优美,对听觉产生感染,使人侧耳倾听,渴望听得更多。
Then, indeed the one who scrutinises the words of the Qur’ān and its sentences will find that the Qur’ān gives attention to, when placing letters together, the sounds that come out from their places of articulation. So the letters close to each other in articulation are placed close to each other in a word or sentence. And when there is a gap betwen the points of articulation, they are separated with a letter which eliminates the strangeness of the transition. And at the same time it makes a letter pleasant in articulation and light on the ears to be repeated like the chorus in music. It does not say 'kal ba'iq a-mudfiq' but 'kasayyib'. Nor does it say 'al-hu'khu'' but 'sundusu khudrin'. And when it is necessary to use letters which are placed distanced from each other in a meaning which befits it and nothing else gives that meaning like the word 'deeza', there is no point in using the word 'zalima' or 'ja'ira' in its place even though the meaning is one. In additon to this precision in usage, the letter which is in chorus is clearly found in verses with some frequency. The Verse of the Throne (ayatul kursiyy) for example has the letter lam repeated in it 23 times in a pleasant manner which has an impact on the hearing such that it makes people prick up their ears and want to hear more.
通过这种方式,你会发现《古兰经》是一种特殊的体裁。你会发现它在其所适用的表达之中、在其周围的词语之中、以及其所蕴含的意义之中,揭示了它的一切含义。你不会发现其任何一节经文缺少这些。它的奇妙之处(i'jaz)在于其文体:它是一种特殊体裁的言辞,既不类似于人类的任何言语,人类的言语也不类似于它;它在词语与句子中对意义的运用恰如其分;它对于理解其雄辩并深入体会其含义的人的听觉所产生的感染力,使他谦卑到几乎要向它俯首叩拜的地步。而对于不理解其雄辩的人,这些词语的韵律与声音同样吸引着他,使他着迷而无法自拔,以至于听者即使不理解其含义,也会被迫变得谦卑。因此,它是一个奇迹,并将持续作为奇迹,直至末日来临。
In this manner, you will find that the Qur’ān is a special genre. And you will find it reveals all of its meanings in the expression that befits it, in the words around it and the meanings with it. You will not find that missing in any of its ayat. Its miraculousness (i'jaz) is clear in its style in terms of being a special genre of speech which does not resemble any speech of human beings or vice versa, and in terms of the application of meanings in words and sentences which befit them and in terms of the effect/impression of the words on the hearing of the one who comprehends its eloquence and looks deeply into its meanings, so he becomes humble to the point of almost prostating to it. And the effect it has on the hearing of the one who does not comprehend its eloquence, the ring and sound of these words captivate him and hold him spellbound in an incapacitating manner to which the listener humbles himself by force even though he may not understand its meanings. Therefore, it is a miracle which will remain a miracle until the Final Hour.