51. 确定性得以实现的数目
51. The Number By Which The Certainty Occurs
关于使确定性知识得以产生的最少人数,存在分歧。有人说是五人,有人说最少是十二人,有人说是二十人,有人说是四十人,有人说是七十人,还有人说是三百一十三人,等等。所有这些确定了具体数字的说法,既没有经文依据,也没有理性依据:没有任何文本规定过具体数字,理智也不会在某个具体数字上作出取舍。在传闻互证(mutawaatir)的圣训中,所考虑的是由它产生确定性知识,而不是所传述的具体人数。因为除了人数之外,还有一些迹象可以表明圣训的强弱。某个圣训可能由某个特定人数传述,而凭借这些人的传述并不能产生确定性知识;另一个圣训也可能由与该人数相近的人数传述,却能产生确定性知识,因为圣训的情况会随着迹象的不同而不同,即使人数相等。因此,能产生确定性知识的传闻互证圣训,必然是由一群人传述的,而不是由某个固定人数传述的。这群人的人数,以及他们所居地域的分散程度,应当达到使他们不可能串通说谎的程度。在人数上所考虑的,是能否排除他们串通说谎的可能。所以,这群传述者必须在人数上达到足以阻止他们串通说谎的程度,而这一程度会因传述者、情况和迹象的不同而有所差异。
There is a dispute about the least number by which the certainty occurs, some said: five, others said: the least is twelve, and some of them said: the least is twenty, some others said: the least is forty, others said: seventy and some said: three hundreds and thirteen etc. All these sayings which determined a specific number have neither transmitted or rational basis, since no text came with a specific number, nor does the mind outweigh a specific number. What is considered in the mutawaatir report is the occurrence of the certainty by it, not the narration of a specific number, because in addition to the number there are indications that show the strength or the weakness of the Hadeeth. A khabar may possibly be narrated by a specific number by whose narration the certainty knowledge does not occur, and a khabar may be narrated by similar to that number, then the certainty knowledge occurs for their narration, since the consideration of the khabar differs for the difference of the indications with the equality of the number. Accordingly, the mutawaatir Hadeeth by which certainty knowledge occurs is inevitable to be narrated by a group not by a specific number, and that the number of the group, and the farness of their places, in such a manner that it is impossible with it that they collude to lie, and what is considered in the number is the impossibility of the collusion to lie with it. So it is inevitable to narrate the Hadeeth a group which reach in their number an extent that prevents their collusion to lie, and that differs for the differences of the reporters, the situations, and the indications.