20.8 旗帜与横幅 - 伊斯兰人格 | Quran Course

20.8 旗帜与横幅 - 伊斯兰人格 | Quran Course

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20.8 旗帜与横幅

20.8 Flags And Banners

by Sheikh Taqīuddīn An-Nabahānī2 min readViewed 67 times

需要有旗帜和军旗。旗（liwa）与军旗（rayah）的区别在于：旗（liwa）是系在矛的末端并弯折绕在矛上的东西，它被称为“al-‘alam”（标志）。据说它被称为“liwa”，是因为它体积较大，因此弯折收起，只有在需要时才展开。它是一面大的标志，是军队统帅的标识，所以无论统帅在何处，它都会被竖立起来。至于军旗（rayah），它是授予军队的标识，比喻性地被称为“战争之母”，其复数形式为“rayat”。军旗系在矛或桅杆上，任其随风飘扬。

It is necessary to have the flags and banners. The difference between the flag and banner is that the flag (liwa) is what is tied at the edge of a spear and bent around it, and it is called “al-‘alam” (the standard). It is said it is called “liwa” because it is bent due to its largeness so it is not spread except when necessary. It is a large standard and a sign for the Amir of the army, so it is enacted wherever he is. As for the banner (rayah), it is a sign given to the army and is metaphorically called the “mother of war” and its plural is “rayat”. The banner is tied on a spear or a mast and is left until the wind swirls it.

伊斯兰军队在先知时代就有其旗帜和军旗。布哈里根据艾奈斯的传述记载，先知ﷺ在关于泽德（愿主喜悦他）、哲尔法尔（愿主喜悦他）和伊本·赖瓦哈（愿主喜悦他）的消息传到人们那里之前，就向众人宣布了他们的死讯，并说：

The Islamic army in the times of the Messenger (saw) had its banners and flags. Al-Bukhari narrated from Anas that the Prophet (saw) announced the death of Zayd (ra) , Ja’far (ra) and ibn Rawaha (ra) to the people before their news reached the people and said:

关于旗帜（liwa'）的说法，同样适用于军旗（raya）。军旗有四个角（arkan），由羊毛制成，上面写着“除安拉外没有应受崇拜的主，穆罕默德是安拉的使者”（La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul-Allah），不同之处在于军旗比旗帜更大，而且字是黑色的，旗帜上的字则是白色的。

What is said of the banner is also said of the flag. The flag has four corners (arkan), and is made of wool and “La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammad Rasul-Allah” is written upon it, except that it is bigger than the banner and the writing is black letters whereas the banner has white letters.

根据文本中所载的形制，并符合标准的实际要求，可知每一面旗帜与横幅都有四个清晰的角（arkan），在其长度与宽度上延伸。其宽度为长度的三分之二。旗帜长120厘米，宽80厘米；横幅长90厘米，宽60厘米。允许使用更大或更小尺寸的旗帜与横幅。宜于每个部门和单位都拥有自己形状与颜色的横幅，与国旗一同升起，以作为该部门和单位的特定标志。

According to the form which came in the texts and in conformity to the reality of the standards, it is noted that for each banner and flag are four clear corners (arkan) extended in its length and breadth. The measurement of its breadth is two-thirds its length. The length of the flag is 120 centimetres and its breadth 80 centimetres, and the banner’s length is 90 centimetres and its breadth is 60 centimetres. It is allowed to use flags and banners of greater or lesser measurement. It is preferred that each division and unit has its own banner in shape and colour, raised together with the State’s flag so as to be a specific sign for the division and unit.

与军队使用旗帜和横幅一样，它们也用于国家的机构、部门和设施。哈里发办公室的旗帜升在哈里发居所之上，横幅则悬挂于国家所有的设施、各部门、行政机构和机关之中。允许个体公民在机构、道路和房屋之上升起旗帜。

Just as flags and banners are used for the army, they are also used for the State’s structures, departments and utilities. The flag is raised in the office of the Khalifah above the residence of the Khalifah, and the banners in all the utilities of the State, its departments, administration and institutions. It is also permitted for individual citizens to raise it over the institutions, roads and houses.