2.15 启示 - 伊斯兰人格 | Quran Course

2.15 启示 - 伊斯兰人格 | Quran Course

阿布·胡赖拉传述：有一天，先知ﷺ与众人同在时，一个人来问他：“什么是信仰（ima）？”他ﷺ说：“信仰是相信安拉、相信他的天使、相信与他相见、相信他的使者，以及相信复活。”那人又问：“什么是伊斯兰？”他ﷺ说：“伊斯兰是你崇拜安拉而不以任何事物与他并列为伴，谨守拜功，缴纳应缴的天课，并在莱麦丹月封斋。”那人又问：“什么是伊赫桑（ihsaan）？”他ﷺ说：“是你崇拜安拉，仿佛你看见他；如果你看不见他，那么他确实看见你。”那人又问：“审判日何时到来？”他ﷺ说：“被问的人并不比提问的人更知道此事。我将告诉你它的一些迹象：当婢女生下她的主人，当牧羊人竞相建造高楼。这是五件只有安拉才知道的事之一。”随后，先知ﷺ诵读了这节经文：“安拉那里有关于复活时刻的知识。”然后那人转身离去。先知ﷺ对圣门弟子说：“把他叫回来。”他们却没有看见任何人。先知ﷺ说：“这是哲卜拉伊勒，他来教导人们他们的宗教。” [Bukhari]

Abu Hurairah  narrated that the prophet  was with the people one day when a person came and asked him, "What is Emaan?" He  said, "It is the belief in Allah , his angels, in the meeting with him , his messengers and the resurrection." He asked, "What is Islam?" He  said, "Islam is that you worship Allah  and do not commit Shirk, establish the prayer, pay the enjoined Zakat and you fast in Ramadan." He said, "What is Ihsaan?" He  said, "That you worship Allah  as if you see him, and if you can not see him, surely he sees you." He said, "When is the hour?" He  said, "The one questioned about it knows no better then the questioner. I will tell you of its signs. When the mother will give birth to her Master and when the shepherd will build tall buildings. It is one of the five things that no one will know them except Allah ." Then the prophet  recited the Ayat, "Indeed Allah has the knowledge of the hour." Then the man turned and left. The prophet  said to the Sahaba  call him but they didn't see anything. He  said, "This was Jibril, he came to teach people their Deen." [Bukhari]

有许多圣训提到，吉卜利勒曾降临并与先知交谈，而先知则倾听。这也是对使者的一种启示形式，天使以对话的方式向使者传达其含义。以文字与含义同时启示的，仅限于高贵的《古兰经》。至于以含义启示的，使者会用自己的话语来表达，或通过实践即他的行为来表达，或以沉默来表达，而这些便是圣行（Sunnah）。

There are a number of incidents mentioned in Ahadith in which Jibril  descended and talked to the prophet  and he would listen. This was a form of revelation for the messenger, as the angel would tell the messenger the meanings in the form of a conversation. The revelation by words and meaning is restricted to the Noble Qur’ān. As for revelation by meaning, the messenger  would express this by using his own words, through application i.e. his actions, or by silence and this is the Sunnah.

圣训Qudsi（至圣之训）被视为逊奈（Sunnah），因为其意义是由安拉启示的，但其文字出自先知ﷺ。圣训Qudsi的文字不是出自安拉，因为出自安拉的文字专属于《古兰经》，这一点由其无法模仿的特性所证明。逊奈虽然以启示、梦境以及直接投入心中的方式降临，但它也会在清醒之时降临，并表现为吉卜利勒与使者ﷺ之间的对话。

The Hadith Qudsi is regarded as Sunnah because although its meaning is revealed from Allah  its words are from the prophet . The words of the Hadith Qudsi are not from Allah  because the words that are from Allah  are specifically for the Qur’ān and this is proven by its inimitability. Although the Sunnah comes in the forms of inspiration, dream and is cast directly in the heart, it also comes both in wakefulness and as a dialogue between Jibril and the messenger .

《古兰经》只通过使者降示，因为它的词句来自真主。《古兰经》中有许多经文详细叙述了《古兰经》的降示。真主说：

The Qur’ān is only revealed through the messenger  because its words are from Allah . There are numerous ayats detailing the revelation of the Qur’ān. Allah  says,