4.1 圣训与《古兰经》一样是伊斯兰教法的依据 - 伊斯兰人格 | Quran Course

4.1 圣训与《古兰经》一样是伊斯兰教法的依据 - 伊斯兰人格 | Quran Course

因此,将《古兰经》与圣训相比较是错误的。其结果将是:如果圣训与《古兰经》不一致,我们就舍弃它。这会导致舍弃圣行(Sunnah),因为圣训可能是来限定《古兰经》、对其加以限制,或阐明其含糊(mujmal)之处的。这样的话,就会表明圣训所陈述的内容与《古兰经》不一致,或者在《古兰经》中找不到。例如那些将枝节与根本(asl)相联系的圣训。实际上,圣训中提到的许多规定并未见于《古兰经》,尤其是许多细节性的律例,《古兰经》中并未降示,而仅在圣训中提及。因此,圣训不应以《古兰经》所提及的内容为标准,并据此拒绝其他一切内容。实际上,正确的原则是:当某段圣训所述内容与《古兰经》中确定的意义相矛盾时,该圣训就依其文义(matn)即其含义与《古兰经》相悖而被舍弃。这正如关于法蒂玛·宾特·盖斯的那段传述,她曾说:

Therefore, it is wrong to compare the Qur’ān with the hadīth, the result of which would be, if the hadīth does not agree with it (i.e the Quran) then we abandon it, because this leads to abandoning the Sunnah if it came to specify the Qur’ān, restrict it or elaborate its ambivalent (mujmal) parts, since it would show that what the hadīth states does not agree with the Qur’ān or it is not found in the Qur’ān. Like the ahadīth which relate the branches to the foundation (asl). Indeed, the rules mentioned in the hadīth have not been mentioned in the Qur’ān, especially, many of the detailed rules which have not been revelead in the Qur’ān but mentioned in the hadīth only. Therefore, Hadith is not compared to the Qur’ān regarding what is mentioned in the Qur’ān and rejecting anything else. Indeed, the order regarding this is that when a hadīth mentions something which contradicts what has come in the Qur’ān as a definite meaning, then the hadīth is rejected on the basis of its meaning i.e the text (matn) because it’s meaning contradict the Qur’ān. This is like what has been narrated about Fatimah bint Qays when she said: