20. 圣战(Jihad)
20. Jihad
“圣战”(जिहाद)是指为了真主(SWT)而在战斗中付出努力,无论是直接参战,还是以财物、见解或增加人数等方式予以协助,或其他形式。为提升真主之言的至高地位而战,即是圣战。至于在真主(SWT)之道上以言论进行的圣战,只有当言论与为真主而战直接相关时,才算圣战。若与之不直接相关,即便言论艰辛,即便其结果有益于提升真主之言的地位,也不属于沙里尔(教法)意义上的圣战。这是因为在教法中,圣战特指战斗,因此凡与战斗直接相关的事物都包括在内。写作与演说与此类似:若与为真主之道而战直接相关,例如向军队演讲以激励其直接作战,或以言辞煽动对敌人的战斗,则属于圣战;否则不属于。政治斗争和谴责统治者,都不被称为圣战,尽管其回报很大,对穆斯林的益处也很大。问题不在于艰辛与否,也不在于益处大小,而在于这一词在教法中所含的专门意义。沙里亚意义上的圣战,指的是战斗,以及与之相关的见解、言论、写作、战略等事务。
Jihad is expending (one’s) effort in fighting in the way of Allah (swt) directly or assisting by wealth or opinion or increasing numbers or other than that. The fighting to raise the word of Allah is jihad. As for jihad by speaking in the path of Allah (swt), this is jihad if the speech relates directly to fighting in the way of Allah. If it does not relate directly to it, it is not Shar’i jihad even if it involves difficulty and even if the results benefit in raising the word of Allah (swt). This is because jihad in Shar’a is specific to fighting, so there enters within it everything related directly to fighting. Similar to the opinion is writing and speaking; they are jihad if they are related directly to fighting in the way of Allah (swt) like the speech to the army to encourage it to fight directly or words inciting fighting the enemies. If not, this is not (jihad). Neither political struggle nor rebuking the rulers is termed jihad though their reward is high and their benefit to the Muslims great. The issue is neither difficulty nor the benefit, but rather it is the Shar’i meaning with which it came for this word. The Shari’ah meaning is fighting and all that it relates to from opinion, speech, writing, strategy and other things.

