Esta opinión se apoya en dos grupos de pruebas: los relatos del Profeta ﷺ y de los Compañeros, y el razonamiento y la analogía. En primer lugar, los textos:
This opinion is supported by two groups of evidence: reports from the Prophet and the Companions, and rationale and analogy. Firstly, the texts:
Amr bin Shu'aib, de su padre, de su abuelo, narra que el Profeta ﷺ
A. 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father from his grandfather, narrates that the Prophet (p)
«recogía el diezmo debido de la miel». Lo narra Ibn Mayah. Ad-Daraqutni dice: «Esto se narra de 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith e Ibn Lahi'ah, de 'Amr, como enlazado al Profeta ﷺ, y de Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Ansari, de 'Amr, como mursal». Al-Hafiz señala que este es el problema de este dicho, especialmente porque 'Abd al-Rahman e Ibn Lahi'ah no son conocidos por ser precisos. Se observa que 'Amr ibn al-Harith, que es digno de confianza, y Usamah ibn Zaid también narran lo mismo de 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb, como lo recogen Ibn Mayah y otros.6
"collected the one-tenth due from honey." Reported by Ibn Majah. Al Daraqutni says "This is narrated from 'Abd al Rahman bin al Harith and Ibn Lahi'ah from 'Amr as linked to the Prophet, and from Yahya bin Sa'id al Ansari from 'Amr as mursal." Al Hafiz notes that this is the problem with this saying, especially since 'Abd al Rahman and Ibn Lahi'ah are not known as accurate. It is noted that 'Amr bin al Harith, who is trustworthy, and Usamah bin Zaid also narrate the same from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, as reported by Ibn Majah and others.6
Abu Daud y Al Nasa'i relatan que Hilal, de los Bani Mat'an, solía pagar al Profeta ﷺ
Abu Daud and Al Nasa'i report that Hilal, from Bani Mat'an, used to pay the Prophet (p)
the one-tenth due on the beehives be had, and had the Prophet ﷺ protect a valley known as Salabah for him. When 'Umar became the head of state, Sufian bin Wahb wrote him about this. 'Umar replied, "As long as Hilal gives you that which he was giving the Messenger of God ﷺ, the one-tenth due on his honey, then keep protecting Salabah for him. If he does not, then what is in that valley is for everybody." Al Hafiz in al Fath says the chain of this saying is correct up to 'Amr bin Shu'aib. 'Amr's record is strong, at least when he is not opposed by stronger narrators.7
the one-tenth due on the beehives be had, and had the Prophet protect a valley known as Salabah for him. When 'Umar became the head of state, Sufian bin Wahb wrote him about this. 'Umar replied, "As long as Hilal gives you that which he was giving the Messenger of God, the one-tenth due on his honey, then keep protecting Salabah for him. If he does not, then what is in that valley is for everybody." Al Hafiz in al Fath says the chain of this saying is correct up to 'Amr bin Shu'aib. 'Amr's record is strong, at least when he is not opposed by stronger narrators.7
B. Se relata de Sulaiman bin Musa que Abu Sayarah al Muta'i dijo al Mensajero de Dios ﷺ: "Tengo abejas". El Profeta ﷺ respondió: "Paga el diezmo correspondiente". Dije: "Oh Mensajero de Dios, resérvame su monte". Entonces el Profeta ﷺ protegió ese monte para mí. Lo narraron Ahmad e Ibn Majah.8
B. It is reported from Sulaiman bin Musa that Abu Sayarah al Muta'i told the Messenger of God "'I have bees.' The Prophet answered, 'Pay the one-tenth due.' I said, O Messenger of God, reserve for me its mountain." The Prophet then protected that mountain for me." Reported by Ahmad and Ibn Majah.8
C. Al Baihaqi informa, a partir de Sa'd bin Abi Dhubab: "El Profeta (p) lo empleó (para recaudar la zakat) en su clan. Ordenó a la gente que pagara el diezmo debido sobre la miel, y luego la llevó a 'Umar, quien vendió la miel y añadió su valor a los fondos de zakat de los musulmanes." En la cadena de este dicho figura Munir bin 'Abd Allah, a quien al Bujari y otros califican de débil. En otra versión, Sa'd dice a su clan: "No hay bien en la riqueza que no se haya dado en zakat." Continúa: "Saqué de cada diez recipientes uno y lo llevé a 'Umar, quien lo puso con los fondos de zakat de los musulmanes." Esta versión la transmite Sa'id en su Sunan. Al Athram informa de él que 'Umar le ordenó recaudar el diez por ciento de la miel.11
C. Al Baihaqi reports from Sa'd bin Abi Dhubab, "The Prophet (p) employed him (for collecting zakah) on his clan. He ordered people to pay the one-tenth due on honey, then brought it to 'Umar, who sold the honey and added its value to the zakah funds of Muslims." In the chain of this saying there is Munir bin 'Abd Allah, who is graded weak by al Bukhari and others. In another version, Sa'd tells his clan "There is no good in wealth that is not zakated.'' He continues, "I took out of each ten containers one container and brought it to 'Umar, who put it with the zakah funds of Muslims." This version is reported by Sa'id in his Sunan.10 Al Athram reports from him that 'Umar commanded him to collect ten percent from honey.11
D. Al Tirmidhi relata de Ibn 'Umar que el Mensajero de Dios ﷺ dijo: "Sobre la miel, uno de cada diez frascos es obligatorio." Sin embargo, en su cadena de transmisión está Sadaqah al Samin, que tenía una memoria débil y en quien hay desacuerdo.
D. Al Tirmidhi reports from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of God (p) said, "On honey, one out of each ten jars is obligated." However, in its chain there is Sadaqah al Samin, who had a weak memory and is disagreed with.
Aunque todos estos dichos y relatos no están libres de críticas, se respaldan mutuamente, lo que indica que la norma sobre la miel tiene fundamento. Ibn al-Qayyim comenta: "Ahmad y su grupo sostienen que la miel está sujeta al zakat sobre la base de que estos dichos se fortalecen unos a otros, porque tienen fuentes y cadenas de transmisión distintas. Abu Hatim al-Razi fue preguntado por el relato de 'Abd Allah, el padre de Munir, de Sa'd bin Abi Dhubab, y respondió que era correcto".12
Although all these sayings and stories are not free from critics, they support each other, indicating that there is substance to the ruling on honey. Ibn al Qayyim comments, "Ahmad and his group believe that honey is zakatable on the basis that these sayings strengthen each other because they have different sources and chains. Abu Hatim al Razi was asked about the narration of 'Abd Allah, Munir's father, from Sa'd bin Abi Dhubab, and answered that it was correct."12
Segundo, la justificación:
Secondly, the rationale:
La zakatabilidad de la miel está además respaldada por el razonamiento y la analogía. Dado que la miel procede de las flores, no es perecedera, puede medirse y su costo es muy bajo, debe ser zakatable como los cereales y los dátiles.13 Abu Hanifah considera que la miel producida en tierras de 'ushr es zakatable, a diferencia de la miel producida en tierras de kharach. Esto se basa en su opinión de que la producción de las tierras de kharach no es zakatable. Ahmad no hace tal distinción.14
The zakatability of honey is further supported by reasoning and analogy. Since honey is derived from flowers, is not perishable, can be measured, and its cost is very low, it must be zakatable like grains and dates.13 Abu Hanifah believes that honey on 'ushri land is zakatable, in contrast to honey produced on kharaji land. This is based on his opinion that the output of kharaji land is not zakatable. Ahmad makes no such distinction.14