Mataki na 173
Article 173
Dole ne a sami darussan mako-mako na ilimomin Musulunci da harshen Larabci, tare da kebe musu lokaci da yawan sa'o'i daidai da na sauran ilimomi.
There must be weekly classes in Islamic sciences and Arabic, with the same time and amount allocated as the classes for the rest of the sciences.
Ana koyar da ilimai na nau'i biyu. Na farko shi ne ilimin kimiyya don ci gaban hankali, domin mutum ya iya yanke hukunci kan kalmomi, ayyuka da abubuwa daga fuskar hakikaninsu da sifofinsu, da kuma daga fuskar dacewarsu da yanayin ɗan Adam, kamar su sinadarai, ilmin lissafi, ilmin taurari, lissafi da sauran ilimomin gwaji. Wannan ilimi ba shi da alaƙa kai tsaye da gina halayyar mutum. Na biyu kuma shi ne ilimin Shari'a game da kalmomi, ayyuka da abubuwa, domin bayyana hukuncin Shari'a na taklifi, ko wajibi ne, ko mustahabbi ne, ko halal ne, ko makaruhi ne, ko haramun ne, ko kuma bayyana ahkamul-wad'i, kamar ko sanadi ne, ko sharaɗi ne, ko mai hana wani abu ne, ko kuma rukhsa ce ko 'azima ce ta asali, ko ingantacce ne (sahih), ko bãtacce ne (batil), ko ɓatacce ne (fasid). Ta haka ne ake gina tunanin Musulunci. Idan waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen Shari'a suna tare da manufar sa Musulmi ya ɗauki matsayin Musulunci game da abubuwa, ayyuka da kalmomi ta fuskar karkatarsu zuwa gare su ko nisantarsu daga gare su, kuma ya karɓa ko ya bari yayin biyan buƙatunsa na jiki da dabi'unsa, to a nan ne ake gina halin Musulunci. Halayyar Musulunci tana ginuwa ne daga tunanin Musulunci da halin Musulunci, wanda ke sa akidar Musulunci (ʿAqida) ta zama tushen tunaninsa da karkatarsa. Musulunci yana roƙon Musulmi ya yi tunani game da halittar sararin duniya, ɗan Adam da rayuwa, kamar faɗin Allah (SWT):
The taught subjects are of two types: scientific knowledge to develop the mind, in order that the person can judge the words, actions and objects from the angle of their reality and characteristics, and from the angle of their adaptation to human nature – such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, mathematics and other experimental sciences. This knowledge has no direct relationship with the building of the personality. As for the Shari’ah knowledge of the words, actions and objects, in order to explain the defining Shari’ah rule (Taklifi), if it was obligatory, recommended, permitted, disliked or prohibited, or to explain the Ahkam Al-Wad’ such as whether it was a cause, condition or prevention, or a concession (Rukhsa) or an original rule (‘Azimah), or if it was valid (Sahih), void (Batil) or defective (Fasid), and accordingly the Islamic mentality is built. If these Shari’ah rules are accompanied by the goal of getting the Muslim to take an Islamic position towards objects, actions and words in terms of their inclinations towards or against them, and to take or leave them when fulfilling their bodily needs and instincts, then the Islamic disposition is built. The Islamic personality is built from the Islamic mentality and disposition, which makes the Islamic belief (‘Aqeedah) the basis for its thoughts and inclinations. Islam asks the Muslim to think about the creation of the universe, mankind and life, such as His (swt) words:
"Kuma ka yi tunani game da halittar sammai da ƙasa." (TMQ 3:191): "Ashe ba sa duba raƙuma - yadda aka halicce su?" (TMQ 88:17) da kuma: "Ta haka Allah (swt) yake rayar da matattu, kuma Yana nuna muku ayoyinSa domin ku yi tunani." (TMQ 2:73). Haka kuma, Musulunci yana umurtar Musulmi ya bi dokokin Shari'ah a cikin dokokinsa, ayyukansa da sha'awoyinsa: Ya ce (swt):
“And give thought to the creation of the heavens and the earth.” (TMQ 3:191): “Then do they not look at the camels - how they are created?” (TMQ 88:17) and: “Thus does Allah (swt) bring the dead to life, and He shows you His signs that you might reason.” (TMQ 2:73). In the same manner, Islam also asks the Muslim to adhere to the Shari’ah rules in his laws, actions and inclinations: He (swt) said:
“Amma a'a, na rantse da Ubangijinka, ba za su yi imani ba [da gaske] har sai sun sa ka, Ya Muhammadu, ka yi hukunci game da abin da suke jayayya a kansa a tsakaninsu, sa'an nan ba za su sami wani rashin jin daɗi a cikin kansu ba daga abin da ka yi hukunci, kuma su miƙa wuya gaba ɗaya da yardar rai.” (TMQ 4:65), da kuma: “Abin da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ba ku, ku karɓa; abin da ya hana ku, ku daina.” (TMQ 59:7), da kuma: “Ya ku waɗanda suka yi imani, kada ku riƙi ubanninku ko 'yan'uwanku a matsayin majiɓinta idan sun fifita kafirci a kan imani.” (TMQ 9:23), da kuma: “Ka ce: "Ku yi aikinku, kuma Allah (SWT) zai ga ayyukanku, haka ma Manzonsa ﷺ da muminai. Kuma za a mayar da ku zuwa ga Mai sanin ɓoyayye da bayyananne, kuma zai sanar da ku abin da kuke aikatawa."” (TMQ 9:105).
“But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you, [O Muhammad], judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in [full, willing] submission.” (TMQ 4:65), and: “And whatever the Messenger (pbuh) has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from.” (TMQ 59:7), and: “O you who have believed, do not take your fathers or your brothers as allies if they have preferred disbelief over belief.” (TMQ 9:23), and: “And say, "Do [as you will], for Allah (swt) will see your deeds, and [so, will] His Messenger (pbuh) and the believers. And you will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you of what you used to do."” (TMQ 9:105).
Kamar yadda aka nema daga makarantar ta zama ta farko wajen gina halayyar Musulunci mai daraja, cikin sanin ka'idojin tushen fiqhu (Usul Al-Fiqh), harshe da Tafsir, haka kuma ana nema ta zama ta farko wajen gina halayyar Musulunci mai daraja da ilimin kimiyya kamar ilimin kwayar zarra (atomic science), ilimin taurari (astronomy) da ilimin kwamfuta (computing). Al'ummar Musulunci wadda ta haifi shugabanni a siyasa, mulki da jihadi kamar Abu Bakr (ra), Khalid (ra) da Salah Al-Deen, ita ce wadda ta haifi malamai a fiqhu da kimiyya kamar Al-Shafi'i, Al-Bukhari, Al-Khawarizmi da Ibn Al-Haytham. Manufar koyar da dukkan wannan ilimi a matakin makaranta ita ce gina halayyar Musulunci ta dalibi, da shirya shi ya shiga fagen rayuwa mai amfani, ko shirya shi ya ci gaba da karatu mai zurfi domin samar da mutane masu daraja wadanda ake bukata domin daga matakin ilimi da kimiyya na al'umma, da shirya ta jagorantar duniya wajen fitar da dukkan mutane daga duhun kafirci zuwa hasken Musulunci, da kuma daga zaluncin dokokin mutane zuwa adalcin shari'ar Musulunci. Haka kuma a yi aiki don amfani da abin da ke cikin sammai da kasa domin amfani da walwalar bil'adama cikin abin da ke faranta wa Allah (swt), bisa ga fadinSa (swt):
Just as it is requested from the school to be the first incubator to build the distinguished Islamic personality, in the knowledge of the rules of the basis of jurisprudence (Usul Al-Fiqh), language and Tafsir, it is also requested to be the first incubator to build the distinguished Islamic personality with the scientific knowledge such as atomic science, astronomy and computing. The Islamic Ummah which gave birth to leaders in politics, governance and Jihad such as Abu Bakr (ra), Khalid (ra) and Salah Al-Deen, is the same Ummah which gave birth to the scholars in jurisprudence and science such as Al-Shafi’i, Al-Bukhari, Al-Khawarizmi and Ibn Al-Haytham. The goal of teaching all of this knowledge in the school stage is to build the Islamic personality of the student, and to prepare him to enter into the realm of practical life, or to prepare him to continue higher studies in order to create distinguished personalities which are necessary to raise the intellectual and scientific level of the Ummah, and to prepare it to lead the world to take all the people from the darkness of disbelief to the light of Islam, and from the oppression of man made law to the justice of the Shari’ah law. And in the same manner to work to harness what is in the heavens and the earth for the benefit and well being of mankind in that which pleases Allah (swt), in accordance with His (swt) words:
"Ka nemi, ta hanyar abin da Allah (SWT) Ya ba ka, gidan Lahira; kuma kada ka manta da rabonka na duniya." (TMQ 28:77).
“But seek, through that which Allah (swt) has given you, the home of the Hereafter; and [yet], do not forget your share of the world.” (TMQ 28:77).
A cikin wannan, za a sami darussan ilimin kimiyya da ilimin Shari'a, kuma wajibi ne a daidaita darussan domin biyan bukatun sassan biyu, don Musulmi ya iya rayuwa a wannan duniya wadda Allah (SWT) ya sanya shi halifa a cikinta, ta hanyar da Allah (SWT) da ManzonSa ﷺ suke so. Ilimin kimiyyar da muke nufi su ne wadanda ba su da alaka kai tsaye da ra'ayi game da rayuwa, kuma ba sa fitowa daga akidar Musulunci, amma an gina su a kanta, kamar kwarewa da ilimin da suka wajaba don shirya dalibi ya shiga harkokin rayuwa ta zahiri. Abu na farko da dalibi zai koya shi ne ilimomin da suka zama dole don mu'amala da muhallin da yake rayuwa a cikinsa, kamar lissafi da ilimin kimiyya gabaki daya game da kayan aiki da injina da ake amfani da su, kamar na'urorin lantarki da na wutar lantarki, da kayan aikin gida. Haka nan, ka'idoji da dokokin zirga-zirga a kan hanyoyi da tituna. Koyar da wadannan darussa zai la'akari da muhallin da dalibai suke rayuwa a cikinsa, kamar ko yana da masana'antu, noma ko kasuwanci, da ko yana da tsaunuka, hamada ko fili, da ko yana da zafi ko sanyi. Manufar koyar da wadannan darussa har zuwa shekara goma ita ce ta baiwa dalibi damar yin mu'amala da abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi, da amfani da su gwargwadon shekarunsa da bukatunsa.
Based upon this, there will be classes in scientific and Shari’ah knowledge, and it is obligatory to balance the classes to meet the requirements of the two sections in order for the Muslim to be capable to live on this earth which Allah (swt) made him a successor upon, in a manner which Allah (swt) and His Messenger (pbuh) love. The scientific knowledge that we are concerned with are those that do not have a direct relationship with the viewpoint about life, and do not emanate from the Islamic belief, but rather are built upon it, such as the necessary skills and knowledge to prepare the student to enter the realm of practical life. The first thing that the student is taught are those sciences that are necessary to interact with the environment he lives in such as mathematics and the general sciences about the tools and machinery used such as electronic and electrical equipment, and domestic tools. And in the same manner the principles and rules of traffic in the roads and streets, and the teaching of these subjects would take into account the environment in which the students live, such as if it was industrial, agricultural or trade, and if it was mountainous, desert or a plain, and whether it was hot or cold. The goal in teaching these subjects until the age of ten is to enable the student to interact with the things around them, and to utilise them according to their age and needs.
Bayan shekara goma, ana fara koya musu rassan lissafi a matakai, haka nan kuma sauran ilimomi kamar kimiyyar jiki, sinadarai da ilimin halittu, da wasannin motsa jiki masu amfani kamar iyo, tsalle da harbi a kan manufa. Bayan balaga, ana koya musu dabarun soja karkashin kulawar sojoji, sannan za su iya ci gaba zuwa cibiyoyin manyan karatu da jami'o'i don koyon ilimi mai amfani daga ilimomi a gwargwadon abin da ake bukata.
After the age of ten, they start to be taught the branches of mathematics in stages, and similarly the other sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology, and beneficial sports such as swimming, jumping and shooting at targets. After puberty they are taught military skills under the supervision of the army, and then they can continue in the higher education institutions and universities to learn beneficial knowledge from the sciences to the extent necessary.