Khalifa yana naɗa mataimaka don aiwatarwa, kuma aikinsu na gudanarwa ne. Ba masu mulki ba ne, kuma sashensu shi ne cibiyar da ke aiwatar da abin da Khalifa ya bayar a cikin harkokin cikin gida da na waje, kuma ta miƙa masa abin da ya zo daga waɗannan hukumomi. Sashen shi ne matsakaici tsakanin Khalifa da sauran mutane, yana isar masa da kuma isar da sakonnin daga gare shi a cikin waɗannan al'amura:

The Khalifah appoints assistants for implementation and their work is administrative. They are not rulers and their department is the institution that executes what the Khalifah issues in both of the internal and foreign affairs authorities and submits what comes to him from these authorities. The department is the intermediary between the Khalifah and others, conveying to and from him in the following matters:

a. Dangantaka da mutane.

a. Relations with the people.

b. Dangantakar ƙasashen duniya.

b. International relations.

c. Sojoji.

c. The military.

d. Cibiyoyin Gwamnati ban da na soja.

d. The institutions of the State other than the military.

Mataimakin zartarwa shi ne minista wanda Khalifah ke nada don ya zama mataimakinsa wajen aiwatar da al'amura, bin diddigi da aiwatar da umarninsa. Shi ne mai shiga tsakanin Khalifah da sassan Gwamnati daban-daban, al'ummar jama'a da ofishin harkokin waje. Yana isar da saƙonni zuwa ga Khalifah da daga gare shi. Mataimaki ne wajen zartar da umarni, ba shi da iko a kansu ko an amince masa da su, watau aikinsa aiki ne na zartarwa da gudanarwa, ba mulki ba. Sashensa kayan aiki ne da ake amfani da shi wajen zartar da abin da Khalifah ya fitar zuwa ofishin cikin gida da na waje, tare da tabbatar da biyayya ga Khalifah a cikin duk abin da ya zo masa ta waɗannan ofisoshi. Sashensa yana aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakanin Khalifah da wasu, inda yake isar musu a madadinsa, kuma yana isar masa daga gare su.

The executive assistant is the minister whom the Khalifah appoints to be his assistant in the execution of matters, the following up and implementation of his orders. He is the intermediary between the Khalifah and the various State departments, the subjects and the foreign office. He conveys messages to and from the Khalifah. He is an assistant in executing orders and is not authorised over them or entrusted with them i.e. his role is one of execution and administrative and not ruling. His department is a tool used to execute what the Khalifah issues to the internal and foreign offices, ensuring submission to the Khalifah in all that comes to him through these offices. His department acts as an intermediary between the Khalifah and others, where it conveys to them on his behalf and conveys to him from them.

Mataimakin shugaba mai zartarwa a da ana kiransa da sakatare (Al-Katib) a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ da Khulafa'u Rashidun. Daga baya aka san shi da mai kula da Diwan na wasiku ko rubuce-rubucen hulda. Daga nan aka yanke shawarar cewa a kira shi sakataren tsara rubuce-rubuce ko mai kula da Diwan na tsara rubuce-rubuce, sannan malamai masu fikihu suka sanya masa suna Wazir Al-Tanfidh, wato mataimakin shugaba mai zartarwa.

The executive assistant used to be called a secretary (Al- Katib) at the time of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and the righteous Khulafaa’. Then he became known as the keeper of the Diwan of letters or correspondence. Later, it was decided that he is called the secretary of composition or the keeper of the Diwan of composition and then the jurists named him the executive assistant (Wazir Al-Tanfidh).

Game da ayyukan da suka shafi al-mas'alolin guda huɗu da aka ambata, dalilin shi ne bincika dalilan da suka shafi Katib (Wazir Al-Tanfidh) a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ, da ayyukan Khulafa'i masu adalci a gaban taron sahabbai.

As for the actions regarding the four issues mentioned – the evidence is through examination of the evidences related to the Katib (Wazir Al-Tanfidh) at the time of the Messenger (pbuh) and the actions of the righteous Khulafaa’ in front of the masses of companions:

a. Saƙonnin da aka aika kai tsaye ga waɗanda ake magana da su. Kamar:

a. The messages sent to the subjects directly. Such as:

- Saƙon sa (ﷺ) zuwa ga mutanen Najran. Abu 'Ubayd ya ruwaito a cikin Al-Amwal daga Abu Al-Malih Al-Huthali, wanda ya ambata a ƙarshensa.

- His (pbuh) message to the people of Najran. Abu ’Ubayd narrated in Al-Amwal from Abu Al-Malih Al-Huthali which mentioned at its end.

.» شَ هِ دَ بِذَلِكَ عُ ثْ مَ انُ بْ نُ عَفَّانَ وَمُعَيْقِيبُ، وَكَتَ ب «.

.» شَ هِ دَ بِذَلِكَ عُ ثْ مَ انُ بْ نُ عَفَّانَ وَمُعَيْقِيبُ، وَكَتَ ب «.

"’Uthman Bin ’Affan da Mu’ayqib sun shaida shi, sai ya rubuta." Abu Yusuf ya ruwaito shi a cikin Al-Kharaj, ya kuma ambata cewa wanda ya rubuta shi shi ne Al-Mughaira. Sannan ya ambaci wasiƙar Umar (ra), wanda ya rubuta ita shi ne Mu’ayqib. Daga nan kuma ya ambaci wasiƙar ’Uthman (ra) zuwa gare su, wanda ya rubuta ita bawansa Hamran. Sannan kuma ya ambaci wasiƙar daga ’Ali (ra), wanda ya rubuta ita shi ne ’Abdullah b. Abi Rafi’.

- “’Uthman Bin ’Affan and Mu’ayqib witnessed it, and he wrote”. Abu Yusuf reported it in Al-Kharaj and mentioned that the Katib was Al-Mughaira, and then it mentioned the message of Umar (ra) with the Katib being Mu’ayqib, and then the message of ’Uthman (ra) to them with the Katib being his servant Hamran, and then the message from ’Ali (ra) with the Katib being ’Abdullah b. Abi Rafi’.

- Saƙonsa (ﷺ) zuwa ga Tamim Al-Dari. Abu Yusuf ya ambata a cikin Al-Kharaj yana cewa.

- His (pbuh) message to Tamim Al-Dari. Abu Yusuf mentioned in Al-Kharaj saying.

. قَامَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ وَهُوَ تَمِيمُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ - رَجُلٌ مِنْ لَخْمٍ - فَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ « اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي جِيرَةً مِنَ الرُّومِ بِفِلَسْطِينَ، لَهُمْ قَ رْيَةٌ ي قَُالُ لَهَا حِبْ رَى، وَأُخْرَى ي قَُالُ لَهَا عَيْ نُونُ، وَإِنْ فَ تَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الشَّامَ فَ هَبْ هُمَا لِي، فَ قَالَ: هُمَا لَكَ. قَالَ: فَاكْ تُبْ لِي بِذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ لَهُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِ تَِِمِيمِ بْنِ أَوْسِ الدَّارِيِّ، أَنَّ لَهُ قَ رْيَة حِبْ رَى وَبَ يْتَ عَ ي نُونَ قَ رْيَ تُ هَا كُلُّهَا، وَسَهْلُهَا وَجَبَ لُهَا وَمَاؤُهَا وَحَرْث هَُا وَأَنْ بَاطُهَا وَبَ قَرُهَا وَلِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ بَ عْدِهِ، لاَ يُحَاقُّهُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ، وَلاَ ي لُْحِدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَحَدٌ بِظُلْمٍ، فَمَنْ ظَلَمَ وَأَخَذَ مِنْ هُمْ شَيْئاً فَإِنَّ عَل يْهِ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ وَالمَلاَئِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ. وَكَتَبَ » عَلِيٌ .

. قَامَ تَمِيمٌ الدَّارِيُّ وَهُوَ تَمِيمُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ - رَجُلٌ مِنْ لَخْمٍ - فَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ « اللَّهِ، إِنَّ لِي جِيرَةً مِنَ الرُّومِ بِفِلَسْطِينَ، لَهُمْ قَ رْيَةٌ ي قَُالُ لَهَا حِبْ رَى، وَأُخْرَى ي قَُالُ لَهَا عَيْ نُونُ، وَإِنْ فَ تَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الشَّامَ فَ هَبْ هُمَا لِي، فَ قَالَ: هُمَا لَكَ. قَالَ: فَاكْ تُبْ لِي بِذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ لَهُ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ، هَذَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِ تَِِمِيمِ بْنِ أَوْسِ الدَّارِيِّ، أَنَّ لَهُ قَ رْيَة حِبْ رَى وَبَ يْتَ عَ ي نُونَ قَ رْيَ تُ هَا كُلُّهَا، وَسَهْلُهَا وَجَبَ لُهَا وَمَاؤُهَا وَحَرْث هَُا وَأَنْ بَاطُهَا وَبَ قَرُهَا وَلِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ بَ عْدِهِ، لاَ يُحَاقُّهُ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ، وَلاَ ي لُْحِدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَحَدٌ بِظُلْمٍ، فَمَنْ ظَلَمَ وَأَخَذَ مِنْ هُمْ شَيْئاً فَإِنَّ عَل يْهِ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ وَالمَلاَئِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ. وَكَتَبَ » عَلِيٌ .

"Tamim Al-Dari (Tamim Bin Aws, wani mutum daga Lakhm) ya tashi tsaye ya ce: Ya Manzon Allah, ina da makwabta daga Romawa a Filastinu – akwai wani kauye da ake kira Hibra, da wani da ake kira Aynun. Idan Allah ya buɗe maka Sham, ka ba ni su kyauta. Sai ya ce – Naku ne. Ya ce – rubuta mini hakan, sai ya rubuta: Da sunan Allah, wannan wasiƙa ce daga Muhammad Manzon Allah ﷺ zuwa ga Tamim Bin Aws Al-Dari, cewa yana da dukkan gidajen kauyukan biyu: Hibra da Aynun, da filayensu, duwatsunsu, ruwansu, noma, shuke-shukensu da dabbobinsu, da kuma ga wanda zai zo bayansa. Babu wanda zai yi gardama da su a kansa, kuma babu wanda zai karkata ya kwace shi da karfi. Duk wanda ya zalunta ya ɗauki wani abu daga gare shi, to zai sami la'anar Allah da mala'iku da dukkan mutane. ’Ali ne ya rubuta shi." Lokacin da Abu Bakr (ra) ya karɓi shugabanci, ya rubuta musu wasiƙa wadda ta ambaci: "Da sunan Allah – wannan wasiƙa ce daga Abu Bakr, mai tsayawa a madadin Manzon Allah ﷺ a bayan ƙasa, ya rubuta wa mutanen Dari: Kada wani ya lalata komai da hannunsa daga kauyukan Hibra da Aynun, kuma duk wanda ya ji ya yi biyayya ga Allah, to kada ya lalata wani abu daga cikinsu, kuma ya gina ƙofofi biyu a kewayensu don hana duk wanda ya yi niyyar yin hakan shiga."

- “Tamim Al-Dari (Tamim Bin Aws, a man from Lakhm) stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah, I have a neighbourhood from the Romans in Palestine – there is a village which is called Hibra, and another called Aynun. If Allah opens as-Sham to you, grant them to me as a gift. And so he said – They are yours. He said – write that for me, and so he wrote: In the name of Allah, this is a message from Muhammad the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to Tamim Bin Aws Al-Dari, that he has all the houses of the two villages: Hibra and Aynun, and their plains, mountains, water, agriculture, plants and its cattle, and for who comes after him. No one should contest over it with them, and no one should incline to take it by force. Whoever oppresses and takes anything from it, then they will have the curses of Allah and the angels and all of the people. ’Ali was the one who wrote it”. When Abu Bakr (ra) took the leadership, he wrote them a message which mentioned “In the name of Allah – this is a message from Abu Bakr the guarantor of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) succeeded on the Earth, he wrote to the people of Dari, no one should spoil anything by their hand from the villages of Hibra and Aynun, and whoever heard and obeyed Allah, then do not spoil anything from them, and should build two entrances around them to prevent anyone who intended to do so from entering”.

b. Dangantakar Kasashen Duniya:

b. International relations:

Yarjejeniyar Hudaibiyya: Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito daga Al-Miswar da Marwan game da yarjejeniyar:

- The Treaty of Hudaybiyah: Al-Bukhari narrated from Al- Miswar and Marwan regarding the treaty:

»... الكَاتِبَ فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ «. - “Sai Annabi (ﷺ) ya kira marubucin...”. Abu Yusuf ya kuma ruwaito a cikin littafin Al-Kharaj yana cewa:

.»... الكَاتِبَ فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ «. - “So the Prophet (phuh) called the Katib (writer)…”. Abu Yusuf also narrated in the book Al-Kharaj saying:

. وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَقَ وَالكَلْبِيُّ، زَادَ بَ عْضُهُمْ عَلَى ب عَْضٍ فِي الحَدِيثِ، « »... وَفِيهِ: وَقَالَ: اكْ تُ بُوا – .

. وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَقَ وَالكَلْبِيُّ، زَادَ بَ عْضُهُمْ عَلَى ب عَْضٍ فِي الحَدِيثِ، « »... وَفِيهِ: وَقَالَ: اكْ تُ بُوا – .

"Muhammad Ibn Ishaq da Al-Kalbi sun ba ni labari, wasu sun ƙara a cikin ruwayar suna cewa: Ya ce: Rubuta (jam'i)", ba tare da ambaton sunan marubucin ba. Ibn Kathir ya ruwaito. عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبَ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَقَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ ... ثُمَّ دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ... فَقَالَ: اكْتُبْ.

“Muhammad Ibn Ishaq and Al-Kalbi informed me, some others added in the narration saying: He said: Write (plural)”, without mentioning the name of the writer. Ibn Kathir reported. . عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبَ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَقَ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ ... ثُمَّ دَعَا رَسُ ولُ اللَّهِ « »... فَ قَالَ: اكْتُبْ  - .

"Ibn Ishaq ya ce Al-Zuhri ya ce… sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya kira ’Ali Ibn Abi Talib ya ce: ‘Rubuta (mufuradi)…’". Abu ’Ubayd ya ruwaito shi a littafin Al-Amwal daga Ibn ’Abbas, inda ya ce:

“Ibn Ishaq said Al-Zuhri said…then the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) called upon ’Ali Ibn Abi Talib and said: ‘Write (singular)…’”. Abu ’Ubayd narrated it in the book of Al- Amwal from Ibn ’Abbas, where he said:

.»... فَ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: أُكْ تُبْ يَا عَلِيُّ ...« .

.»... فَ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: أُكْ تُبْ يَا عَلِيُّ ...« .

“….kuma ya ce wa ’Ali: ‘Ya ’Ali, rubuta…’” Al-Hakim ya ruwaito daga Ibn ’Abbas, Al-Dhahabi kuma ya tabbatar da ingancinsa, ya amince da shi, yana cewa:

- “….and he said to ’Ali: ‘O ’Ali, write…’” and Al-Hakim narrated from Ibn ’Abbas, and Al-Dhahabi authenticated and approved it, saying:

. »... اكُْ تُبْ يَا عَلِيُّ ...« .

. »... اكُْ تُبْ يَا عَلِيُّ ...« .

“…..Ya ’Ali, rubuta…”. Rubutun wannan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya sananne ne, don haka ba sai an ambata shi a nan ba. c. Harkokin Soja: - Wasikar Abu Bakr (ra) zuwa ga Khalid (ra), wadda ya umarce shi da ya tafi Sham. Abu Yusuf ya ce a cikin littafin Al-Kharaj: “Khalid ya so ya mayar da Al-Heerah cibiyarsa. Sai dai wasikar Abu Bakr ta zo masa tana umartarsa da ya tafi Sham domin ya taimaki Abu ’Ubaydah da Musulmai…” d. Cibiyoyin gwamnati banda na soja - Wasikar Manzon Allah ﷺ zuwa ga Mu’adh game da kashi goma (Al-Ushr): Yahya Ibn Adam ya ruwaito a littafin Al-Kharaj daga Al-Hasan, ya ce: . إِلَى مُعَاذٍ بِالْيَمَنِ: فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ أَوْ سُقِيَ غَيْلاً كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « » العُشْرُ، وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالغَرْبِ فَنِصْفُ العُشْرِ .

- “…..O ’Ali, write…”. The text of this peace treaty is well known and does not need mentioning here. c. The Military: - The letter of Abu Bakr (ra) to Khalid (ra), in which he commands him to travel to as-Sham. Abu Yusuf said in the book Al-Kharaj: “Khalid wanted to take Al-Heerah as his centre. However, the letter of Abu Bakr came to him commanding him to travel to as-Sham as reinforcement for Abu ’Ubaydah and the Muslims…” d. The institutions of the state other than the military - The letter of the Messenger (pbuh) to Mu’adh regarding the tenth (Al-Ushr): Yahya Ibn Adam narrated in the book of Al-Kharaj from Al-Hasan, he said: . إِلَى مُعَاذٍ بِالْيَمَنِ: فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ أَوْ سُقِيَ غَيْلاً كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ « » العُشْرُ، وَمَا سُقِيَ بِالغَرْبِ فَنِصْفُ العُشْرِ .

"Manzon Allah ﷺ ya rubuta wa Mu'azu a Yaman: "Ana biyan kashi ɗaya cikin goma a kan abin da ruwan sama ko ruwan rafi mai yawa ke shayarwa; kuma kashi ɗaya cikin ashirin (rabin kashi ɗaya cikin goma) a kan abin da ake shayarwa da guga." Al-Sha'bi ya rubuta labarin nan kamar haka. Ibn Abu Shaiba ma ya ruwaito makamancinsa a littafinsa na hukunce-hukunce."

– “The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) wrote to Mu’adh in Yemen: “A tenth is payable on what is watered by rain or by sizable water; and a twentieth (have of a tenth) on what is watered by bucket.” Al-Sha’bi wrote the same narration. Ibn Abu Shaybah has also narrated similar in his book about ruling.

Halifa na iya naɗa marubuta (Kuttab) gwargwadon buƙatunsa; ma'ana, zai iya kaiwa ga matsayin wajibi idan ba zai iya cika ayyukan da suka wajaba ba sai ya naɗa su. Marubutan da suka rubuta tarihin Manzon Allah ﷺ sun ambata cewa yana da kusan marubuta irin wannan guda ashirin.

The Khalifah can appoint writers (Kuttab) according to his needs; rather it could reach to the level of being an obligation if he could not fulfill the obligatory tasks without appointing them. The authors who wrote the history of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) mention that he had about twenty such writers.