Akwai nau'o'in shugabanni guda huɗu: Khalifa, mataimaki mai wakilci, gwamna, da ma'aikaci ('amil), da duk wanda ya shiga cikin hukunci iri ɗaya. Amma duk wanda ba ya cikin waɗannan, ba a ɗaukarsa shugaba ba, sai dai ma'aikaci.

There are four types of rulers: the Khalifah, the delegated assistant, the governor, and the worker (’amil), and whoever falls under the same rule. As for anyone else, they are not considered rulers, but rather employees.

Mai mulki a cikin wannan labarin shi ne mai iko wanda ke da alhakin tafiyar da al'amuran mulki, ko mulkin ya shafi dukkan Daular ne ko wani bangare nata. Ta hanyar fitar da hukunci daga dokokin Shari'ah, wadanda aka dora wa alhakin tafiyar da al'amura, kafa dokoki, kuma wadanda ya wajaba a yi musu biyayya game da aiwatar da dokokin su ne wadannan guda hudu: Khalifah, mataimaki (ministan wakilci), gwamna, da Amil; kuma ya wajaba a yi musu biyayya saboda matsayinsu na masu mulki.

The ruler in the article is the one holding authority who is responsible for governing the affairs, irrespective of whether the governance was for the whole State or for a part of it. Through deduction from the Shari’ah rules, the ones who are made responsible for governing the affairs, establishing the laws and are to be obeyed with respect to their implementation of the laws are these four: the Khalifah, the assistant (delegate minister), the governor, and the Amil; and they are to be obeyed due to their position of rule.

Dangane da Khalifa, shi ne mutumin da al'umma (ummah) ke mika masa mubaya'a a matsayin wakilinta don kafa Addini (addinin Musulunci), don haka yake kafa hudud, yana aiwatar da dokoki, kuma yana gudanar da Jihadi, kuma ana wajabta masa biyayya:

With regards to the Khalifah, he is the man who is given the pledge by the Ummah (nation) to establish the Deen (religion)as their representative, and so he establishes the hudud, implements the laws, and carries out the Jihad, and he is owed obedience:

.وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَ لْ بِهِ فَ لْيُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ « » آخَرُ ي نَُازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ.

.وَمَنْ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا فَأَعْطَاهُ صَفْقَةَ يَدِهِ وَثَمَرَةَ قَ لْ بِهِ فَ لْيُطِعْهُ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعَ، فَإِنْ جَاءَ « » آخَرُ ي نَُازِعُهُ فَاضْرِبُوا عُنُقَ الآخَرِ.

"Duk wanda ya yi mubaya'a ga Halifa, to ya ba shi hannunsa da zuciyarsa mai gaskiya (watau ya miƙa masa biyayya a zahiri da kuma a ciki). Ya yi masa biyayya gwargwadon iyawarsa. Idan wani mutum ya fito yana ƙalubalantar ikonsa (yana neman zama Halifa), to su (Musulmi) su yanke wa wannan mutumin kai." (Muslim ya ruwaito daga 'Abdullahi ɗan 'Amr ɗan Al-'As.)

“He who swears allegiance to a Caliph should give him the grasp of his hand and the sincerity of his heart (i. e. submit to him both outwardly as well as inwardly). He should obey him to the best of his capacity. If another man comes forward (as a claimant to Caliphate), disputing his authority, they (the Muslims) should behead the latter.” (reported by Muslim through ‘Abd Allah b. Amr b. Al-‘As).

Amma ga mataimakin minista mai wakilci, shi ne mataimaki wanda yake taimakon Khalifa wajen tafiyar da al'amuran mulki; wato, mulkin gama-gari, mai ci gaba da ɗaurewa. Hujjar hakan ita ce, shi ne mai matsayin mulki wanda dole ne a bi umarninsa a cikin al'amuran da Khalifa ya ɗora masa, ko ya roƙe shi ya taimaka masa wajen aiwatar da al'amuran. Ahmad ya ruwaito da sanadi mai kyau daga 'Aisha (ra) cewa ta ce: Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce,

As for the delegate minister, he is the assistant who assists the Khalifah in running the governing of the affairs; in other words, the general, continuous binding governorship. The evidence for this is that he is the one in a position of rule who must be obeyed in the issues that the Khalifah charged him with or requested him to assist him in carrying out the affairs. Ahmad reported with a good chain from 'Aisha (ra) that she said: the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said,

"مَنْ وَلاَّهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَيْئًا فَأَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْ رًا جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرَ صِدْقٍ، فَإِنْ نَسِيَ ذكََّرَهُ، وَإِنْ ذكََرَ أَعَانَه ".

"مَنْ وَلاَّهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَيْئًا فَأَرَادَ بِهِ خَيْ رًا جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرَ صِدْقٍ، فَإِنْ نَسِيَ ذكََّرَهُ، وَإِنْ ذكََرَ أَعَانَه ".

Lokacin da Allah (SWT) ya nada wani gwamna a kan Musulmai, kuma Ya nufi alheri gare shi (wannan mai mulki), Allah (SWT) yana nada masa mataimaki mai gaskiya wanda zai tunatar da shi idan ya manta, kuma ya taimake shi idan ya tuna.

“ When Allah (swt) appoints a governer over Muslims, and desire good for him (this ruler), Allah (swt) appoints a sincere minister (assistant) to him who will remind him if he forgets and helps him if he remembers.”.

Game da gwamna kuwa, shi ne mutumin da Khalifa ya ba shi iko a kan ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin Ƙasar. Hujjar cewa yana cikin matsayin mulki wanda dole ne a yi masa biyayya ita ce abin da Muslim ya ruwaito daga Auf Bin Malik Al-Ashja'i, wanda ya ce ya ji Manzon Allah ﷺ yana cewa.

As for the governor, he is the man who the Khalifah gives authority to over one of the governorates of the State. The evidence that he is in a position of ruling who must be obeyed is what is reported by Muslim from Auf Bin Malik Al-Ashja’i who said that he heard the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) say.

."... أَلاَ مَنْ وَلِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَالٍ فَ رَآهُ يَأْتِي شَيْئًا مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَ لْيَكْرَهْ مَا يَأْتِي مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَلاَ يَ نْزِعَنَّ يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

."... أَلاَ مَنْ وَلِيَ عَلَيْهِ وَالٍ فَ رَآهُ يَأْتِي شَيْئًا مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَ لْيَكْرَهْ مَا يَأْتِي مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ، وَلاَ يَ نْزِعَنَّ يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

…ku sani! Duk wanda aka nada wa gwamna, sannan ya ga gwamnan yana aikata wani abu na sabawa Allah, to ya kamata ya yi Allah-wadai da aikinsa na sabawa Allah, amma kada ya janye kansa daga biyayyarsa.

“…mind you! One who has a governer appointed over him and he finds that the governer indulges in an act of disobedience to Allah, he should condemn his act, in disobedience to Allah, but should not withdraw himself from his obedience.”.

. "... إِذَا رَأَيْ تُمْ مِنْ وُلاتِكُمْ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُ ونَهُ، فَاكْرَهُوا عَمَلَهُ، وَلا تَ نْزِعُوا يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

. "... إِذَا رَأَيْ تُمْ مِنْ وُلاتِكُمْ شَيْئًا تَكْرَهُ ونَهُ، فَاكْرَهُوا عَمَلَهُ، وَلا تَ نْزِعُوا يَدًا مِنْ طَاعَةٍ ".

Dangane da al-'Amil, shi ne wanda Khalifah ya naɗa shi shugaban wani ƙauye, gari ko wani yanki na lardi, ko wakilinsa. Aikinsa kamar na gwamna yake, sai dai shi yana mulkin wani yanki na lardin ba dukan lardin ba. Saboda haka shi shugaba ne da wajibi ne a yi masa biyayya kamar gwamna, domin shi jagora ne wanda ya fito ko daga wurin Khalifah ko daga wurin gwamna. Al-Bukhari ya ruwaito daga Anas bn Malik, ya ce: Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

As for the ‘Amil he is the one who the Khalifah puts in charge of, or his representative, a village, town or part of a governorate. His work is like that of the governor except that he is ruling over a part of the governorate and not the whole of it and accordingly he is a ruler who must be obeyed like the governor, because he is a leader coming either from the Khalifah or the governor. Al- Bukhari reported from Anas b. Malik who said that the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said.

. "اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وإِنِ اسْ تُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِ ي كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَة ".

. "اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وإِنِ اسْ تُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِ ي كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَة ".

"Ku saurara kuma ku yi biyayya ko da bawan Habasha wanda kansa yake kamar zabibi ya zama shugabanku." Muslim ya ruwaito daga Ummu Al-Husayn cewa ta ji Annabi ﷺ yana yin huduba a Hajjin bankwana inda ya ce.

“Listen and obey even if an Ethiopian whose head is like a raisin where made your ruler”. Muslim reported from Umm Al- Husayn who said that she heard the Prophet (phuh) give a sermon in the farewell pilgrimage where he said.

."وَلَوِ اسْتُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ يَ قُودُكُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا".

."وَلَوِ اسْتُ عْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ يَ قُودُكُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَاسْمَعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا".

"kuma ko da an naɗa maka wani bawa wanda zai jagorance ka da littafin Allah, ka saurare shi kuma ka yi masa biyayya."

“and even if a slave who leads you by the book of Allah is appointed over you, listen to him and obey”.

Dangane da jumlar nan "da duk wanda ya fada karkashin irin wannan hukunci", wannan na nufin alkalin Madhalim da babban alkalin alkalai idan aka ba shi ikon nada alkalin Madhalim da cire shi, da kuma ikon alkalan Madhalim, tun da alkalin Madhalim yana cikin wannan hukunci kamar yadda maudu'in mataki na 78 yake.

With respect to the expression “and whoever falls under the same rule”, this means the Madhalim judge and the judge of judges if he is given the authority to appoint and remove the Madhalim judge, as well as the powers of the judges in Madhalim, since the judge of Madhalim is from the rule as is the subject of article 78