Gwamna yana da cikakken ikon mulki da alhakin ayyukan sassan da ke cikin gwamnatinsa a matsayin wakilin Khalifah, don haka yana da duk ikon da mataimaki yake da shi a Dawla a cikin lardinsa. Yana da jagoranci a kan mutanen lardinsa da iko a kan duk abin da ke da alaka da shi, sai dai al'amuran kudi, shari'a da Soja. Amma 'yan sanda suna karkashin jagorancinsa ta fuskar aiwatarwa, ba ta fuskar gudanarwa ba.

The governor has the mandatory powers of ruling and responsibility over the tasks of the departments in his governorship as a delegate of the Khalifah, so he has all the powers in his province that the assistant has in the State. He has leadership over the people of his province and control over everything that is connected with it apart from the finances, judiciary and Army. However, the police come under his leadership from the angle of implementation not administration.

Hujjar wannan ita ce cewa gwamna wakili ne na Khalifah a matsayin da aka nada shi a kai, don haka yana da ikon wajibi na Khalifah a wannan matsayi, kuma yana kama da mataimaki dangane da iko gabaɗaya idan mulkinsa na gabaɗaya ne; wato, an ba shi iko gabaɗaya a wannan matsayi. Yana da iko na musamman a cikin al'amuran da aka nada shi a kansu kawai idan mulkinsa na musamman ne, kuma ba shi da ikon wajibi a wani abu banda haka.

Its evidence is that the governor is the delegate of the Khalifah in the position that he was appointed to and so he has the mandatory powers of the Khalifah in that position, and he is similar to the assistant with respect to the general control if his governorship was a general one; in other words, he has been given the general control in that position. He has specific control in the issues that he was appointed to alone if his governorship was specific, and he has no mandatory powers for control in other than that.

Manzon Allah ﷺ yana naɗa gwamnoni da cikakken iko a mulki, kamar lokacin da ya aike Mu'azu zuwa Yaman ya sanya shi mai kula da sallah da Sadaka. Wasu kuma an naɗa su da iko kan wani takamaiman fanni kawai, kamar lokacin da ya naɗa Farwah Bin Masyak a kan kabilun Murad da Mathij da Zabid, ya kuma aika Khalid Bin Sa'id Bin Al-'As tare da shi a kan sadaka. Saboda haka, Mu'azu yana da ikon gwamnati gabaɗaya a kan sallah da sadaka, amma ikon gwamnatin Farwah Bin Masyak ya takaita ga sallah kawai, na Khalid Bin Sa'id kuma ga sadaka kawai.

The Messenger (pbuh) used to appoint the governors to unrestricted governorships in ruling, such as when he sent Mu’adh to Yemen and made him in charge of the prayer and Sadaqah. And some were appointed a specific governorship in a particular aspect, such as when he appointed Farwah Bin Masyak over the tribes Murad and Mathij and Zabid, and sent Khalid Bin Said Bin Al-’Aas with him over the charity. Accordingly, Mu’adh had a general governorship over the prayer and charity, whereas the governorship of Farwah Bin Masyak was specific to the prayer, and that of Khalid Bin Said to the charity.

Haka kuma, Manzon Allah ﷺ yana aika wasu gwamnoni ba tare da ya koya musu yadda za su gudanar da aikinsu ba. Ya aiki ’Ali b. Abi Talib (ra) zuwa Yaman, bai koya masa komai ba saboda sanin da yake da shi game da shi da kuma iyawarsa. Wasu kuwa yakan aike su ya koya musu yadda za su gudanar da aikin. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya aiki Mu’adh zuwa Yaman, sai ya ce masa:

In the same manner, the Messenger (pbuh) would send some governors and not teach them how to proceed - he sent ’Ali b. Abi Talib (ra) to Yemen and did not teach him anything due to his (pbuh) knowledge of him and his capability. He would send others and teach them how to proceed – he (pbuh) sent Mu’adh to Yemen and he said to him.

. كَيْفَ تَ قْضِي إِنْ عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضَاءٌ قَالَ أَقْضِي بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ « فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَل ى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سَنَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي وَلَا آلُو قَالَ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي فَ قَالَ » الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَا ي رُْضِي رَسُولَه .

. كَيْفَ تَ قْضِي إِنْ عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضَاءٌ قَالَ أَقْضِي بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ « فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ فَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَل ى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سَنَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي وَلَا آلُو قَالَ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي فَ قَالَ » الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِمَا ي رُْضِي رَسُولَه .

"Da me za ka yi hukunci?" Ya ce: "Da Littafin Allah." Ya ce: "To idan ba ka samun hukuncin ba?" Ya ce: "Da Sunnar Manzon Allah ﷺ." Ya ce: "To idan ba ka samun hukuncin ba?" Ya ce: "Zan yi ijtihadi da ra'ayina." A nan sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: "Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah wanda ya shiryar da wakilin Manzon Allah ﷺ zuwa abin da Manzonsa yake yardar da shi da shi" (Ahmad, Al-Tirmizi, Al-Darimi da Abu Dawud suka rawaito, tare da lafazin daga Ahmad). Ibn Qudama ya ambaci irinsa a cikin Al-Mughni, Al-Amidi kuma a cikin Al-Ihkam, don haka hadisin mashhur ne, malamai masu daraja sun karbe shi, kuma ta wannan fuska ana ɗaukarsa Hasan.

“What will you rule by?” He said: “By the Book of Allah.” He said: “What if you do not find the rule?” He said: “By the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh).” He said: “What if you do not find the rule?” He said: “I will exert my own opinion.” Upon this the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) said: “Praise be to Allah Who guided the envoy of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) to what satisfies His Messenger” (reported by Ahmad, Al-Tirmidhi, Al-Darimi and Abu Dawud, with the wording from Ahmad). Ibn Qudama mentioned similar to it in Al-Mughni and Al-Amidi in Al-Ihkam, so the narration is mashhur, and recognised scholars have taken it, and so from this angle it is considered Hasan.

Saboda haka, ana halatta a nada gwamnoni zuwa mukamai na gaba ɗaya ko na musamman, kamar yadda ake halatta a bayyana musu yadda za su aiwatar da aikinsu dalla-dalla ko a gaba ɗaya.

Accordingly, it is permitted to appoint governors to general governorships or specific ones, as it is permitted to explain to them how to carry out their work in detail or in general.

Duk da cewa halatta ne Khalifah ya naɗa gwamnoni da cikakkiyar gwamnati da kuma gwamnati ta musamman, an tabbatar daga cikakkiyar gwamnatin Mu'awiyah cewa ya zama mai cin gashin kansa daga Khalifah a lokacin 'Uthman (ra), kuma ikon 'Uthman a kansa bai bayyana ba. Bayan mutuwar 'Uthman (ra), sai fitina ta faru saboda Mu'awiyah yana da ikon mulki a dukkan al'amura a ƙasar Al-Sham. Kuma an tabbatar tun zamanin raunin Khulafa'n Abbasiyawa cewa 'yancin kan gwamnatoci ya faru, har ta kai ga Khalifah ba shi da iko a kansu sai dai a yi addu'a da sunansa da kuma a buga kuɗi da sunansa. Saboda haka, bada cikakkiyar gwamnati ya haifar da cutarwa ga Daular Musulunci, kuma saboda haka gwamnatin gwamna ta musamman ce ga abin da ba zai kai ga 'yancin kai daga Khalifah ba. Tun da sojoji, kuɗi, da shari'a su ne ke bada damar 'yancin kai, domin sojoji su ne ƙarfi, kuɗi kuma su ne tallafin rayuwa, shari'a kuma tana bayyana kare haƙƙoƙi da kafa hukunce-hukunce, don haka gwamnatin gwamnoni ta musamman ce a waje banda shari'a, sojoji da kuɗi, domin idan suna hannun gwamna, za su iya haifar da haɗarin 'yancin kai, da abin da hakan ke jawowa ga tsaron Daula. Bisa wannan ne aka tsara kashi na biyu na wannan maƙala.

Though it is permitted for the Khalifah to appoint governors to a general governorship, and to a specific governorship, it is confirmed from the general governorship of Mu’awiyah that he become independent of the Khalifah at the time of ’Uthman (ra), and the authority of ’Uthman over him was not apparent. After the death of ’Uthman (ra), the Fitnah occurred because Mu’awiyah had powers of ruling in all issues in the land of Al-Sham. And it is confirmed since the days of the weakness of the Abbasid Khulafaa’ that independence of governorates occurred, to the point that the Khalifah had no authority over them except for prayers being made and money being stamped in his name. From this, the bestowing of general governorships caused harm to the Islamic State, and for that reason the governorship of the governor is specific to that which does not lead to independence from the Khalifah. Since it is the Army, finances, and judiciary which enable the independence, because the Army is the power, and the finance is the support for life, and the judiciary makes apparent the protection of the rights and the establishment of the punishments, so accordingly the governorship for the governors is a specific governorship in other than the judiciary, Army and finance, since if they are in the hands of the governor, they can cause the danger of independence, and what that entails for the security of the State. Based upon this the second part of this article was drafted.

A ƙarshen wannan sashe, gwamna shugaba ne, kuma dole ne ya kasance yana da ikon aiwatar da hukunci, saboda haka 'yan sanda suna ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, kuma jagorancinsa a kansu cikakke ne kamar yadda yake cikakke a kan dukkan al'amura banda uku da aka ambata a sama. Duk da haka, ana ɗaukar 'yan sanda a matsayin wani ɓangare na Sojoji, don haka gudanarwarsu tana ƙarƙashinsu, amma yana ƙarƙashin ikon gwamna.

As for the final part, the governor is a ruler and it is imperative that he has the power of execution and for this reason the police are under his leadership and his leadership over it is comprehensive in the same manner it is comprehensive over all issues apart from the three just mentioned. However, the police are considered a part of the Army, so its administration is under them, but it is under the control of the governor.