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10.3.6 The Conditions Required for the Position of Judge
Duk wanda zai karɓi muƙamin alƙali dole ne ya zama:
Anyone taking up the post of judge must be :
Muslim.
1) Muslim.
Kyauta.
2) Free.
Balagagge.
3) Mature.
Sane.
4) Sane.
5) Kawai dai (‘adl).
5) Just (‘adl).
6) Faqihi (malamin ilimin fiqhu), mai iya amfani da ƙa'idodi ga al'amura.
6) Faqih (learned scholar), able to apply the rules to the situations.
7) Dole ne su kasance suna da ikon amfani da manyan gabobin jin nan uku - gani, ji da magana.
7) They must have the faculty of the three main senses - sight, hearing and speech.
Ga mutumin da zai rike aikin kotun madhaalim, baya ga sharuddan da aka ambata, dole ne kuma ya zama namiji, kuma mujtahidi (masanin shari'a), kamar yadda ake bukata a kan babban alkali (Qadi al-Qada'a), domin aikinsa a hakika aikin shari'a ne da mulki, inda yake yanke hukunci a kan sarki kuma yana aiwatar da shari'ar Musulunci a kansa. Saboda haka dole ne ya zama namiji, baya ga sauran sharuddan aikin alkali.
For the person who takes up the judiciary of madhaalim, in addition to the conditions mentioned, he must also be male and a mujtahid (legist), just like the supreme judge (Qadi al-Qada‘a), for his post is in fact one of judiciary and of ruling, where he judges the ruler and executes the Shari‘ah upon him. Therefore he must be male in addition to the other conditions for the post of judge .
Haka kuma ya kamata ya zama mai ijtihadi, baya ga kasancewarsa faqihi. Hakan yana da nasaba da wani ɓangare na al'amuran mazalumci (madhaalim) da zai iya zama wajibi ya duba, wato ko shugaba ya yi hukunci da abin da ba shi ne Allah ya saukar ba, watau ya yi hukunci da wata doka wadda babu dalili daga Shari'a da ke goyon bayanta, ko kuma idan dalilin da ya yi amfani da shi bai dace da al'amarin ba. Irin wannan mazalunci ba wanda zai iya magance shi sai mai ijtihadi. Saboda haka idan ba mai ijtihadi ba ne, zai kasance yana yanke hukunci kan abin da bai san sosai ba, ko kuma wanda ba shi da wani ilmi a kansa kwata-kwata, kuma hakan haramun ne. Don haka, baya ga sharuddan shugaba da na alkali, shi ma ya zama mai ijtihadi.
As well as being faqih he should also be a mujtahid, for part of the madhaalim that he could be required to look into is whether the ruler has ruled by other than what Allah has revealed, i.e. ruled by a law that has no Shari‘ah evidence to back it, or in case the evidence he used does not relate to the event, and only the mujtahid can deal with such madhlama. Therefore if he were not a mujtahid, he would be judging on something he knows little about or has no knowledge of at all, and that is forbidden. Therefore, in addition to the conditions of the ruler and those of the judge, he also should be a mujtahid.