Aiki na tattalin arziki, ta yanayinsa, yana da haɗari domin waɗanda suke shiga cikinsa kai tsaye suna iya samun riba ko rasa dukiya. Saboda haka, a dukkan tsarin tattalin arziki, koyaushe akwai fahimtar cewa waɗanda suke shiga cikinsa na iya rasa jarinsu ko ƙoƙarinsu. Duk da haka, akwai wasu al'amura da ke cutar da rayuwar tattalin arzikin al'umma ta hanyar haifar da yanayin rashin tsaro bisa ga ƙirƙira, don haka suna rage matakin aikin tattalin arziki. Waɗannan suna tasowa ne saboda tsarin tattalin arziki na musamman da ake aiwatarwa, misali a tsarin Jari-hujja, muna ganin:
Economic activity by its very nature is risky as those who partake in it directly can gain or lose wealth. Hence in all economic systems, there is always an understanding by those who participate that they may lose their capital or effort. However, there are other phenomena that adversely affect the economic life of a nation by artificially creating an atmosphere of insecurity, and thereby reducing the level of economic activity. These arise because of the specific economic system implemented, for example in the Capitalist system, we find :
i) Tashe-tashen Tattalin Arziki (Booms and Busts): A tsarin Jari-hujja (Capitalist), an samu bayanai daga tarihi da ke nuna lokutan ciniki mai kyau da lokutan ciniki mara kyau. Ko da yake masana tattalin arziki sun sha banban sosai game da abubuwan da ke haddasa sauyin kasuwanci, abu daya da suka yarda da shi shi ne cewa tushen wadannan yanayi yana samo asali ne daga ginshikan tsarin tattalin arzikin Jari-hujja.
i) Booms and Busts: In the Capitalist system, periods of good and bad trade have become evident from the records. Although opinions differ widely among economists on the conditions responsible for trade fluctuations, a common feature is that the root cause of these conditions stems from the foundations of the Capitalist economic system.
ii) Hauhawar Farashi Mai Tsanani: Gaskiyar cewa kuɗi na ci gaba da rasa darajarsa ta zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na tattalin arzikin Jari-hujja. A nan ma akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa daga masana tattalin arziki game da abin da ke haifar da hauhawar farashi mai tsanani. Amma girke-girken hauhawar farashi mai tsanani yana tsakiyar tsarin kula da harkokin kuɗi da aka kafa a tsarin Jari-hujja.
ii) Runaway Inflation: The fact that money continually loses its value has become an intrinsic part of Capitalist economies. Here again there are many opinions from economists as to what causes runaway inflation. But the recipe for runaway inflation lies at the heart of established financial controls in the Capitalist system.
iii) Rugujewar kasuwannin kuɗi: Waɗannan na faruwa ba bisa tsari ba, a cikin nau'in sauye-sauye masu tsanani kwatsam a farashin musayar kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje da faɗuwar farashin hannayen jari kwatsam.
iii) Money market crashes: These occur irregularly in the form of sudden exaggerated changes in foreign exchange rates and sudden falls in share prices.
Mafi muhimmanci daga cikin halayen tsarin tattalin arziki na Jari-hujja, wanda shi ne tushen wadannan al'amura, su ne hasashe da kuma yaudara ko karkatar da gaskiya. Wadannan kuwa suna bayyana ta hanyoyi kamar su kirkirar kudi ta hanyar wucin gadi.
The most fundamental characteristics of the Capitalist economic system which forms the root of these phenomena are speculation and false representation. These are manifested in, for example, the artificial creation of money.
Saboda haka, babu abin da zai hana gwamnatoci su ƙirƙiri kuɗi a duk lokacin da suke so. Yawan ƙirƙirar kuɗin takarda da ba za a iya wakilta shi da dukiya ta gaske ba shi ne tushen hauhawar farashi. Haka kuma, gwamnatoci da bankuna suna kiran wannan a sauƙaƙe da ƙara yawan kuɗi, wato sun buga ƙarin kuɗi alhali kadarorin da kuɗin ke wakilta suna nan iri ɗaya.
As such, there is nothing to prevent governments from literally creating money at will. Excessive creation of paper money which cannot be represented by real wealth is the root cause of inflation. Further, governments and banks refer to this blandly as increasing money supply, i.e. they have printed more money while the assets the money represents remain constant.
Haka kuma, bankunan titi na kasuwanci za su iya ba da rance da kuɗin da ba su wanzu ba, ta hanyar ƙara kuɗi a asusun mutane a takarda. Wannan bayyanar ƙarya da ake yi don ci gaba da tafiyar tsarin, a zahiri tana ƙirƙirar ƙarin kuɗin ƙarya.
In addition, high street banks can lend money that is not existent by crediting peoples accounts on paper. This false representation that is meant to keep the system going actually creates more artificial money.
A cikin Musulunci an haramta wa Gwamnati ta sauya yawan kuɗi ta hanyar wucin gadi, kuɗin da ke tushe a kan dukiya ta zahiri (zinariya da azurfa). Saboda haka babu karuwar kuɗi fiye da ainihin karuwar dukiya, kuma saboda haka hauhawar farashi ba matsala ba ce. A irin wannan yanayi kasuwanci yana samun tsaro sosai, kuma zagayowar tashin farashi da koma baya ba za ta faru ba. A tsarin jari-hujja, gwamnatoci sukan yi amfani da rashin tabbas a yawan kuɗi a matsayin wani nau'in haraji na ƙarin a kan jama'a. Yayin da darajar abin da mutane ke samu ko kadarorinsu da tanadinsu ke faɗuwa cikin sauri, sai a samu wata babbar mayar da daraja zuwa ga gwamnati ko tsarin banki da ke sarrafa kuɗin. Tsohuwar Yugoslavia da Rasha misalai ne na baya-bayan nan na tattalin arziki inda gwamnatoci suka yi amfani da hauhawar farashi mai tsanani don waɗannan manufofi. Cewa hauhawar farashi na iya kaiwa kashi 2 zuwa 6 a ƙasashen Yamma da yawa ba ta ba da kwanciyar hankali sosai ba, domin har yanzu tana cinye dukiyar mutane.
In Islam it is prohibited for the State to artificially alter the supply of money which is based on real tangible assets (gold and silver). Therefore there is no increase in money supply beyond real increases in wealth and accordingly inflation is not a problem. In such an environment businesses have far greater stability and bust/boom, inflationary/ recessionary cycles will not occur. In Capitalist economies governments often use instability in money supply as a form of additional taxation upon the people. As the value of their earnings or assets and savings rapidly plummet there is a massive transfer of value to the government/ banking system that controls the currency. The ex-Yugoslavia and Russia are recent examples of economies where governments used hyperinflation for these ends. That inflation may be 2-6% in many western countries is little comfort as it is still eating of the wealth of the people.
A ƙarshe, abubuwan da ke sama sun bayyana a fili wasu bambance-bambance na asali tsakanin tsarin tattalin arziki na Jari-hujja da Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Musulunci. Gazawar da ke cikin tattalin arzikin Jari-hujja tana bayyana a yau a ko'ina cikin duniya, har ma a ƙasashen Musulmi, inda masu mulki marasa adalci suka aiwatar da shi da ƙarfin tuwo. Cikakkun bayanai na tattalin arzikin Musulunci ya kamata su ba mu kwarin gwiwa cewa Musulunci yana ba da mafita ga "matsalar tattalin arziki" da duniya da ke kewaye da mu take fuskanta a yanzu.
In conclusion, the above points clearly outline certain fundamental differences between the Capitalist economic system and the Islamic Economic System. The inherent failing of Capitalist economies can be seen today throughout the world, even in the Muslim countries, where it has been forcibly applied by corrupt rulers. The details of Islamic economics should fill us with confidence that Islam provides solutions to the ‘economic problem’, which the world around us currently faces.