4.7 Larangan Meminum Arak - Nabi Terakhir | Quran Course

4.7 Larangan Meminum Arak - Nabi Terakhir | Quran Course

menggunakan rangkaian besar yang merangkumi kumpulan advokasi kerajaan, Hollywood, liga sukan profesional, syarikat-syarikat besar, bahkan mempunyai iklan layanan awam yang disediakan oleh syarikat pembuatan bir dan penyulingan itu sendiri. Setelah semuanya selesai, ternyata kempen ini tertumpu pada sasaran yang salah. Tiga dekad kemudian, pengurangan sebanyak 50% dalam kemalangan kenderaan bermotor yang disebabkan oleh pemanduan dalam keadaan mabuk masih belum tercapai. Lebih 10,000 orang di Amerika Syarikat terbunuh pada tahun 2016 akibat kemalangan pemanduan dalam keadaan mabuk, iaitu 28% daripada keseluruhan kematian lalu lintas.223 Dengan tekanan rakan sebaya secara tidak langsung yang sememangnya wujud walaupun dalam kalangan orang dewasa, serta kesukaran untuk mengenal pasti siapa yang dengan sukarela kekal tidak minum ketika bergaul dengan mereka yang sedang minum, angan-angan ini tidak pernah mempunyai potensi untuk membanteras masalah ini sepenuhnya. Jika kita merujuk kepada panduan Nabi صلى الله عليه وسلم dalam perkara ini, baginda mengajarkan bahawa tidak memadai sekadar melarang orang daripada memasuki jalan licin “minum sedikit” melalui dasar toleransi sifar terhadap pengambilan arak.

using massive networks that spanned government advocacy groups, Hollywood, professional sports leagues, major corporations, and even had public service announcements prepared by the brewing and distilling companies themselves. When the dust cleared, it turned out that this campaign was focused on the wrong target. Three decades later, a 50% decline in motor vehicle crashes caused by alcohol-impairment has still not been achieved.222 Over 10,000 people in the United States were killed in 2016 by alcohol-impaired driving crashes, 28% of all traffic deaths.223 With nonverbal peer-pressure being a reality even for adults, along with the bother of identifying who will voluntarily remain sober while socializing with those actively drinking, this wishful thinking never had the potential to fully combat the problem. If we turn to the guidance of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم on this issue, he taught that it was not enough to prohibit people from embarking on the slippery slope of “light drinking” through a zero-tolerance policy on alcohol consumption.

Selain kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas, risiko kesihatan yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan alkohol sangat luas, melibatkan hampir setiap sistem dan organ dalam tubuh manusia. Contoh ketoksikan yang paling teruk melibatkan kerosakan otak dan kegagalan hati.226 Minum alkohol semasa mengandung ialah satu lagi wabak, kerana alkohol sangat toksik kepada janin yang sedang berkembang. Sindrom alkohol janin kekal sebagai punca utama ketidakupayaan intelek yang boleh dicegah di Amerika Syarikat, bersama pelbagai manifestasi klinikal yang lain.227 Selain ketoksikan langsung alkohol, akibat buruk daripada kemerosotan keupayaan yang ditimbulkannya dapat dilihat melalui hubungan yang telah mantap antara pengambilan alkohol dengan penurunan produktiviti di tempat kerja, serta peningkatan penularan HIV, kemalangan maut, keganasan dan penderaan.228 Merujuk kepada permusuhan yang dicetuskan oleh bahan memabukkan, Allah memberi peringatan kepada manusia dalam al-Quran: {Sesungguhnya syaitan hanya mahu menimbulkan permusuhan dan kebencian di antara kamu melalui arak dan judi, dan menghalang kamu daripada mengingati Allah dan daripada solat. Maka tidakkah kamu mahu berhenti?} 229

Aside from traffic deaths, the health risks associated with alcohol consumption are vast, involving virtually every system and organ in the human body. The most severe examples of its toxicity involve brain damage and liver failure.226 Consuming alcohol while pregnant is another epidemic, due to alcohol being so toxic to a developing fetus. Fetal alcohol syndrome remains the leading cause of preventable intellectual disability in the United States along with a variety of other clinical manifestations.227 In addition to alcohol’s direct toxicity, the detrimental consequences of the impairments it causes are found in the established correlation between alcohol consumption and reductions in workplace productivity, along with increases in HIV transmission, lethal accidents, violence, and abuse.228 Alluding to the aggressions triggered by intoxicants, Allah cautions humanity in the Qur’an, Satan only wants to stir between you animosity and hatred through intoxicants and gambling, and to avert you from the remembrance of Allah and from prayer. So will you not desist? 229

Oleh itu, tidak hairanlah bahawa Pusat Kawalan dan Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC) menganggarkan 95,000 kematian berlaku setiap tahun di Amerika Syarikat sahaja akibat pengambilan alkohol yang berlebihan.230 The Lancet baru-baru ini menerbitkan kajian yang menilai beban penyakit berkaitan alkohol, merangkumi 195 negara dari tahun 1990 hingga 2016. Dalam usaha menentukan kadar pengambilan alkohol yang dapat meminimumkan kesan buruknya sambil tetap memperoleh manfaat kecilnya, mereka menyimpulkan bahawa "sifar alkohol" adalah satu-satunya kadar yang tidak mendatangkan ancaman.231 Dengan kata lain, mudarat yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan alkohol adalah begitu besar sehingga pada kadar apa pun manfaatnya tidak lebih besar daripada mudaratnya. Banyak kajian perubatan menguatkan pesanan abadi Nabi Muhammad ﷺ sebagaimana yang digariskan dalam Al-Qur'an: "Mereka bertanya kepadamu [wahai Muhammad] tentang arak dan judi. Katakanlah: 'Pada keduanya terdapat dosa yang besar dan sebahagian manfaat bagi manusia, tetapi dosa keduanya lebih besar daripada manfaatnya.'"232

It is therefore no wonder that the Centers for Disease Control estimate that 95,000 deaths occur every year in the United States alone due to excessive alcohol consumption.230 The Lancet recently published a study evaluating the burden of disease linked to alcohol, spanning 195 countries from 1990-2016. In attempting to determine the amount of alcohol consumption that would minimize its harmful effects while still reaping its minor benefits, they concluded that “zero alcohol” was the only nonthreatening amount.231 In other words, the harm associated with alcohol consumption was so great that in no amount was the benefit greater than its harm. Countless medical studies reinforce the timeless message of the Prophet Muhammad ,صلى الله عليه وسلم as outlined in the Qur’an, “They ask you [O Muhammad] about wine and gambling. Say, ‘In them is great sin, and yet some benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.’”232

220 Al-Qur'an 5:90, terjemahan penulis.

220 The Qur’an 5:90, author’s translation.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 3:327 #3681.

221 Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, 3:327 #3681.

222 Editorial Staff, "Menggunakan Pemandu Pengganti," American Addiction Centers, 12 Disember 2019.

222 Editorial Staff, “Using a Designated Driver,” American Addiction Centers, December 12th, 2019.

223 “Traffic Safety Facts: 2016 Data.” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Januari 2018.

223 “Traffic Safety Facts: 2016 Data.” National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, January 2018.

224 al-Tirmidhī, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 4:410 #2801.

224 al-Tirmidhī, Sunan al-Tirmidhī, 4:410 #2801.

225 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 6:185 #4993.

225 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 6:185 #4993.

"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014." World Health Organization (WHO), 2014.

226 “Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2014.” World Health Organization (WHO), 2014.

227 Leo Sher, Isack Kandel, dan Joav Merrick. Gangguan Kognitif yang Berkaitan dengan Alkohol:

227 Leo Sher, Isack Kandel, and Joav Merrick. Alcohol-related Cognitive Disorders:

Research and Clinical Perspectives (New York: Nova Science, 2009), 5.

Research and Clinical Perspectives (New York: Nova Science, 2009), 5.

228 Howard B. Moss HB, "Kesan Alkohol terhadap Masyarakat: Tinjauan Ringkas." Social Work in Public Health, 28:3-4 (2013), 175-177.

228 Howard B. Moss HB, “The Impact of Alcohol on Society: A Brief Overview.” Social Work in Public Health, 28:3-4 (2013), 175-177.

229 Al-Qur'an 5:91, Terjemahan Saheeh International.

229 The Qur’an 5:91, Saheeh International Translation.

230 Marissa B. Esser, et al. "Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost From Excessive Alcohol Use: United States, 2011–2015," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

230 Marissa B. Esser, et al. “Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost From Excessive Alcohol Use: United States, 2011–2015,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

69(30) (2020): 981-987.

69(30) (2020): 981-987.

231 GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators, "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016," The Lancet, 22; 392(10152) (September 2018):1015-1035.

231 GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators, “Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” The Lancet, 22; 392(10152) (September 2018):1015-1035.

232 Al-Qur'an 2:219, Terjemahan Saheeh International.

232 The Qur’an 2:219, Saheeh International Translation.

233 Orang Aborigin di Australia, misalnya, sering menyebut alasan ini sebagai pendorong utama bagi mereka dalam memilih Islam dalam jumlah yang begitu besar pada masa kini. Lihat filem dokumentari: "Aborigines Choosing Islam [Motion Picture]," Australian Broadcasting Corporation, disiarkan pada 14 November 2010.

233 The Aborigines of Australia, for instance, often cite this reason as their greatest impetus for choosing Islam in such large numbers nowadays. See the documentary film: “Aborigines Choosing Islam [Motion Picture],” Australian Broadcasting Corporation, aired on November 14th, 2010.