5.14 Nasib ‘Ammār
5.14 The Fate Of ‘ammār
Abū Sa‘īd al-Khudrī meriwayatkan bahawa, ketika kaum Muslimin sedang membina masjid di Madinah, ‘Ammār ibn Yāsir akan mengangkut dua biji bata sekali gus, manakala orang lain hanya mengangkat satu. Apabila Nabi ﷺ melihatnya, baginda mula menepis debu daripada ‘Ammār dengan tangan baginda sambil bersabda, “Celakalah ‘Ammār, dia akan dibunuh oleh golongan yang melampaui batas! Dia akan menyeru mereka ke Syurga, dan mereka akan menyeru dia ke Neraka.” Mendengar itu, ‘Ammār menjawab, “Kami memohon perlindungan Allah daripada fitnah-fitnah.”297 Tiga dekad selepas nubuat itu, ketika Pertempuran Ṣiffīn berlaku, ‘Ammār terbunuh oleh tentera Shām yang melampaui batas terhadap pemerintah Muslimin, ‘Alī, sementara mereka berusaha menuntut bela bagi khalifah yang dibunuh, ‘Uthmān. Menariknya, tentera Shām tidak mendakwa bahawa hadis ini telah direka, tetapi berhujah bahawa mereka yang menyeru mereka untuk berperang itulah “golongan yang melampaui batas” yang akhirnya bertanggungjawab atas kematiannya.
Abū Sa‘īd al-Khudrī narrated that, as the Muslims were building the mosque in Madinah, ‘Ammār ibn Yāsir would carry two bricks at a time while others lifted one. When the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم saw him, he began wiping the dust off ‘Ammār with his hands and said, “Woe to ‘Ammār, who will be killed by the transgressing party! He will be inviting them to Paradise, and they will be inviting him to the Fire.” To that, ‘Ammār replied, “We seek refuge with Allah from the trials.”297 Three decades after that prophecy, when the Battle of Ṣiffīn took place, ‘Ammār was killed by the army of Shām who transgressed against the Muslim ruler, ‘Alī, while seeking to avenge the murdered caliph, ‘Uthmān. Interestingly, the army of Shām did not claim that this hadith had been fabricated, but rather argued that those who called him to fight were the “transgressing party” ultimately responsible for his death.
Ini menunjukkan bahawa mereka para Sahabat tidak dapat membayangkan bahawa hadis boleh direka-reka, lalu mereka tidak mempersoalkan keaslian nubuat itu dan hanya berbeza pendapat tentang cara mentafsirkannya. Akhirnya, sejurus sebelum Pertempuran Ṣiffīn, sedikit susu dihulurkan kepada ‘Ammār yang menyebabkan beliau tersenyum. Beliau berkata, "Nabi ﷺ memberitahu saya bahawa perkara terakhir yang akan saya minum sebelum mati ialah susu." 298 Kemudian beliau bangkit untuk menunaikan janji Nabinya ﷺ dan berjuang sehingga beliau gugur.
This substantiates that forging hadith was unfathomable by the Companions, and thus, they did not question the authenticity of the prophecy and only differed on how to interpret it. Finally, moments before the Battle of Ṣiffīn, some milk was passed to ‘Ammār which caused him to smile. He said, “The Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم told me that the last thing I would drink before dying would be some milk.”298 Then he rose to meet the promise of his Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and fought until his death.
297 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 1:97 #337.
297 al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, 1:97 #337.
‘Ammār dipanggil “oleh mereka ke Neraka” kerana dia dengan betul berpegang bahawa berdiri bersama pemerintah Muslim adalah wajib, dan oleh itu meninggalkan ‘Alī akan menjadi pemberontakan yang berdosa. Adapun mereka yang dengan ikhlas berpendapat sebaliknya, pendirian rasmi Sunni ialah bahawa mereka tersilap ketika mencari kebenaran dan oleh itu tidak berdosa. Sebahagian ulama, seperti Ibn Baṭṭāl, berpendapat bahawa “mereka akan mengajaknya ke Neraka” tidak merujuk kepada tentera yang satu lagi, sebaliknya kepada golongan Khawārij yang kepada mereka ‘Alī menghantar ‘Ammār sebagai utusan dan perunding. Mereka juga pemberontak yang sama yang memprovokasi tentera ‘Alī sehingga akhirnya mereka terpaksa mengangkat senjata menentang mereka di Ṣiffīn.
‘Ammār was “invited by them to the Fire” because he rightfully believed that standing by the Muslim ruler was mandatory, and hence abandoning ‘Alī would have been sinful rebellion. As for those who sincerely believed otherwise, the official Sunni position is that they were mistaken while pursuing the truth and therefore not sinful. Some scholars, like Ibn Baṭṭ āl, held that “they will be inviting him to the Fire” does not refer to the other army, but rather to the Khārijites to whom ‘Alī sent ‘Ammār as an ambassador and negotiator. They were also the same rebels who provoked the army of ‘Alī to eventually raise arms against them at Ṣiffīn.
298 Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad, 31:178 #18883; disahihkan oleh al-Arna’ūṭ dalam ulasannya.
298 Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad, 31:178 #18883; authenticated by al-Arna’ūṭ in the comments.