Maswahaba (ra) walikuwa Waarabu, na lugha ya Kiarabu ilikuwa ni sehemu ya asili yao. Walikuwa pia wanazuoni wenye ufahamu sahihi na kamili wa lugha ya Kiarabu. Walikuwa wakifuatana na Mtume wa Allah ﷺ wakati Qur'an ikiteremshwa, wakiwa pamoja naye. Mtume ﷺ alikuwa akibainisha hukumu ya Allah (swt) katika matukio mbalimbali, hivyo wakiyashuhudia kwa macho yao na kuyasikia kwa masikio yao. Hii ndiyo sababu walikuwa pia wanazuoni wa Shari'ah wenye ufahamu kamili wa Shari'ah hiyo. Tukio lilipotokea mbele yao lililohitaji ufafanuzi wa hukumu ya Allah (swt), walikuwa wakieleza hukumu yake ya kisheria (hukm shar'i) kwa kutoa maoni yao waliyoyatoa kwa kuelewa maana ya maandiko (ma'qul an-nass). Mara nyingi walijizuia kutoa hukumu peke yake bila kufafanua ushahidi wake, hivyo hukumu ya Maswahaba ikapokelewa kwa njia ya maoni yao. Hili ndilo lililowafanya baadhi ya watu waelewe kwamba Maswahaba walitoa maoni yao binafsi katika hukumu. Ukweli ni kwamba Maswahaba walitoa hukumu ya Shari'ah waliyoitoa kutokana na ufahamu wao wa maandiko ya Shari'ah, lakini hawakuambatanisha hukumu hiyo na ushahidi wala kufafanua sababu ya kisheria ya hukumu hiyo au ushahidi wa sababu hiyo ya kisheria.

The Sahabah (ra) were Arabs and the Arabic language was intrinsic to them, and they were scholars with a precise and comprehensive understanding of the Arabic tongue. They would accompany the Messenger of Allah (saw) with the Qur’an being revealed while they were with the Messenger (saw). The Messenger (saw) would clarify the rule of Allah (swt) in the incidents so they would witness it with their eyes and ears, this is why they were also scholars of the Shari’ah with a comprehensive understanding of it. When an incident would occur infront of them requiring a clarification of the rule of Allah (swt), they would elucidate its Shari’ah rule (hukm shar’i) through elucidating their opinion that they deduced from the text of the understanding of the text (ma’qul an-nass). Often they would limit themselves to giving the rule without clarifying its evidence, thus the companions’ judgement was transmitted in the form of their opinions. This is what led some to understand that the Sahabah would give their (own) opinions in judgements. The reality is that the Sahabah would give the Shari’ah rule which they deduced from their understanding of the Shari’ah texts, but they did not append it with evidence or clarify the legislative reason for the rule or the evidence for the legislative reason.