Kwa hiyo Allah amekataza ujasusi katika aya hiyo. Katazo hili ni la jumla linalohusu ujasusi wote, iwe ni ujasusi kwa ajili ya nafsi yake au kwa ajili ya mtu yeyote, iwe ni kwa ajili ya Dola au kwa ajili ya watu binafsi au makundi, na iwe anayefanya ujasusi huo ni mtawala au anayetawaliwa. Maneno yake ni ya jumla yanayojumuisha kila kitu kinachohusika nalo, kwamba ni ujasusi.
So Allah prohibited spying in the ayah. This prohibition is general covering all spying whether it is spying for himself or anyone, whether it is for the State or individuals or groups, and whether the one performing it i.e. the spying is the ruler or the ruled. The speech is general covering everything applying upon it that it is spying.
Swali linaibuka hapa: Je, inaruhusiwa kwa Muislamu kufanya kazi kama afisa katika idara ya uchunguzi au idara ya upelelezi au idara nyinginezo ambazo kazi yake, au sehemu yake, ni ujasusi?
Jibu linategemea. Ikiwa ofisi hiyo ni ya kuwapeleleza Waislamu au Dhimmi ambao ni raia kama Waislamu, basi ni haramu kwa mujibu wa maandiko ya wazi ya Qur'ani. Hilo limekatazwa kwa Dhimmi kama lilivyokatazwa kwa Muislamu, kwa kuwa Dhimmi aliye katika Dar al-Islam anaelekezwa kutekeleza hukumu za Kiislamu juu ya nafsi yake isipokuwa yale yanayohusu itikadi na ibada, na hili si sehemu ya hayo.
Ikiwa ofisi hiyo inawapeleleza makafiri wanaopigana vita wanaoingia katika nchi zetu kutoka kwa wale waliopewa dhamana ya usalama au walio chini ya mkataba, basi inaruhusiwa, kama inavyoruhusiwa kuwapeleleza makafiri wanaopigana vita, iwe wanapigana kwa vitendo au kwa hukumu, na iwe wako katika nchi zao au zetu.
Kwa hiyo, kuwepo kwa idara za uchunguzi au upelelezi na zinazofanana nazo si haramu, bali ni wajibu. Kinachoharamishwa ndani yake ni kuwapeleleza Waislamu au Dhimmi ambao ni raia wa Waislamu. Haifai kwa Dola kuwa na idara ya kuwapeleleza Waislamu na raia wengine; bali hilo ni marufuku dhidi yao. Wala haisemwi kuwa maslahi ya Dola yanahitaji kujua taarifa za raia ili kufichua njama na kuwafikia wahalifu, kwa sababu Dola inaweza kujua hayo kupitia njia ya polisi na doria ya usiku, si kupitia njia ya ujasusi.
Kwa kuwa akili inaona faida au haioni faida katika jambo, haitoshi kuwa sababu ya kulikataza au kuliruhusu; ni kile tu ambacho Shari'a inakiona kuwa faida ndicho faida. Aya za Qur'ani zinapokataza jambo waziwazi, hakuna nafasi tena ya kujadili kama kuna faida ndani yake ili kulihalalisha kwa sababu ya akili, kwa kuwa hilo halina thamani mbele ya maandiko ya wazi ya Qur'ani. Qur'ani inasema: "Msichunguze" (Hujurat 49:12), ikimaanisha katazo la kupeleleza, na hakuna njia ya kuelewa isipokuwa kile aya inachoonyesha na maana wazi ya maneno yake. Hakukuja ushahidi wowote unaobainisha ujumla wa aya hii au kuutoa kitu fulani kutoka ndani yake, kwa hiyo unabaki katika ujumla wake ukihusu upelelezi wote; kwa hiyo upelelezi wote dhidi ya raia ni haramu.
Here a question arises: Is it allowed for the Muslim to work as an officer in an inquiry department or an investigative department or other departments whose work, or some of it, is spying? The response depends. If it is an office to spy upon Muslims or dhimmmis who are citizens like Muslims, then it is haram by the explicit Qur’anic text. It is prevented for the dhimmi like it is prevented for the Muslim as the dhimmi in Dar al-Islam is addressed to implement the Islamic rules upon himself except what relates to creeds and worships, and this is not part of that. If the office is spying upon belligerent disbelievers who enter our lands from the ones who have been granted security or the ones under covenant, then it is allowed as it is allowed to spy upon belligerent disbelievers whether they are belligerent in practice or by the rule and whether they are in their lands or ours. Accordingly the existence of inquiry or investigative departments and their like is not haram but obligatory and what is prohibited (haram) in them is spying upon Muslims or dhimmis who are citizens of Muslims. It is not allowed for the State to have a department to spy upon Muslims and the rest of the citizens; rather this is forbidden against them. Nor is it said that the State’s interest requires knowing the citizens’ information so as to expose conspiracies and lead to criminals because the State can know this via the method of police and night patrol not via the method of spying. Just because the mind sees benefit or not in something it is not a reason for forbiddance or allowance; only what the Shar’a sees as benefit is benefit. When the Qur’anic ayat come explicitly forbidding anything there remains no place for discussion whether there is benefit in it to reason it into making it halal, as there is no value in that in front of the explicit Qur’anic text. The Qur’an says: “Do not spy” meaning prohibition of spying, and there is no way to understand other than what the ayah indicates and the clear meaning of its words. There came no evidence specifying the generality of this ayah or excluding something from it, so it remains in its generality covering all spying so all spying upon the citizens is haram.
Hii inahusu kupeleleza dhidi ya Waislamu au dhimmi ambao ni raia kama Waislamu. Kuhusu Waislamu na dhimmi kupeleleza dhidi ya makafiri wanaopigana vita, iwe wako vitani kwa vitendo au kwa hukumu, hili limetengwa kutoka katika ujumla wa aya hiyo kutokana na hadithi zinazobainisha katazo la kupeleleza makafiri wasiopigana vita. Kuhusu makafiri wanaopigana vita, kuwapeleleza kunaruhusiwa kwa Waislamu, na ni wajibu kwa Khalifah wa Waislamu, yaani kwa Dola. Imekuja katika Sirah ya Ibn Hisham kwamba Mtume ﷺ alimtuma Abdullah bin Jahsh pamoja na kikosi cha Muhajirina wanane. Alimwandikia kitabu na kumwamuru asikitazame mpaka asafiri kwa siku mbili, kisha akitazame na atekeleze alichoamriwa bila kuwalazimisha masahaba wake yeyote. Abdullah bin Jahsh alipoenda kwa siku mbili, alikifungua kitabu na kukitazama. Kilisema ndani yake:
This is in relation to spying upon Muslims or dhimmis who are citizens like Muslims. As for Muslims and dhimmis spying upon belligerent disbelievers, whether they are belligerents in practice or rule, this is excluded from the generality of the ayah due to the ahadith specifying the forbiddance of spying on non-belligerent disbelievers. As for belligerent disbelievers, spying upon them is allowed for Muslims and obligatory upon the Muslims’ Khalifah i.e. upon the State. It came in the Sirah of ibn Hisham that the Prophet (saw) sent Abdullah bin Jahsh and sent with him a company of eight Muhajireen. He wrote for him a book and commanded him not to look into it until he travels two days then looks into it and executes what he was commanded without compelling any of his companions. When Abdullah bin Jahsh travelled two days, he opened the book and looked into it. It said in it:
