17.1 Muda Uliowekwa kwa Waislamu wa Kumteua Khalifah - Utu wa Kiislamu | Quran Course

17.1 Muda Uliowekwa kwa Waislamu wa Kumteua Khalifah - Utu wa Kiislamu | Quran Course

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17.1 Muda Uliowekwa kwa Waislamu wa Kumteua Khalifah

17.1 The Time Limit Given For Muslims To Appoint A Khalifah

by Sheikh Taqīuddīn An-Nabahānī1 min readViewed 117 times

Muda uliowekwa kwa Waislamu kumteua Khalifah ni usiku mbili. Hivyo hakuna Muislamu anayeruhusiwa kukaa zaidi ya usiku mbili bila kuwa na bay'ah shingoni mwake. Kuweka kikomo cha usiku mbili kunatokana na ukweli kwamba kuteuliwa kwa Khalifah ni fardhi tangu wakati Khalifah aliyetangulia anapokufa au anapoondolewa madarakani. Hata hivyo, inaruhusiwa kuchelewesha uteuzi huo mradi mchakato wa uteuzi unaendelea ndani ya usiku mbili. Ikiwa kuchelewa kumezidi usiku mbili na Waislamu hawakuanzisha Khalifah, jambo hilo huchunguzwa. Ikiwa Waislamu walikuwa wakijishughulisha na kuanzisha Khalifah lakini hawakuweza kukamilisha ndani ya usiku mbili kutokana na mambo yaliyowashinda ambayo hawakuweza kuyapinga, basi dhambi itawaondokea kwa sababu wanashughulika na kutekeleza wajibu huo, na walilazimishwa kuuchelewesha kwa nguvu ya kulazimisha. Mtume ﷺ alisema:

The time limit given for Muslims to appoint a Khalifah is two nights. So no Muslim is allowed to stay for more than two nights without having a bay’ah on his neck. Making the upper limit as two nights is due to the fact that the appointment of a Khalifah is fard from the moment the previous Khalifah dies or is deposed. But it is allowed to delay the appointment while engaging in it for two nights. If the delay exceeded two nights and the Muslims did not establish a Khalifah, the matter is examined. If the Muslims were busy in establishing a Khalifah but could not complete it within two nights due to overpowering matters they couldn't resist, then the sin will drop from them because they are engaged in establishing the duty and they were forced to delay it by compelling power. The Prophet (saw) said:

Lakini ikiwa hawakuwa wanatekeleza wajibu huo, basi wote watakuwa wenye dhambi mpaka Khalifah ateuliwe, na ndipo tu wajibu utawaondokea. Lakini dhambi walizofanya kwa kupuuza kuanzisha Khalifah haiwaondokei, bali inabaki juu yao, na Allah (SWT) atawahisabu kwa hilo kama vile Anavyomhisabu Muislamu yeyote kwa uasi wowote anaoufanya anapopuuza kutekeleza wajibu.

But if they were not engaged in performing the duty, then they will all be sinful until the Khalifah is appointed and only after that the fard will drop from them. But the sin they committed in neglecting the establishment of a Khalifah does not drop from them, it rather remains on them, and Allah (swt) will bring them to account for it the same way He (swt) brings any Muslim to account for any disobedience he commits when he neglects to perform a duty.

Kuhusu ushahidi wa muda wa usiku mbili uliowekwa kwa Waislamu kutekeleza wajibu wa kuanzisha Khalifah, ni Ijma‘ ya Maswahaba. Maswahaba (ra) walikutana katika uwanja wa Banu Sa‘ida kujadili kuteuliwa kwa mrithi wa Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) mara tu habari za kifo cha Mtume (ﷺ) zilipowafikia. Waliendelea kujadiliana uwanjani, na siku ya pili wakawakusanya watu msikitini ili kutoa bay‘ah. Jambo hili lilichukua usiku mbili na siku tatu. Aidha, ‘Umar (ra) alipokuwa na uhakika kwamba kifo chake kilikuwa karibu kutokana na jeraha la kuchomwa kisu, aliwakabidhi watu wa shura na kuwapa siku tatu za kuchagua Khalifah mpya. Alipendekeza kwamba iwapo baada ya siku hizo tatu patafikiwa makubaliano kuhusu Khalifah, basi yule mwenye kupinga auawe baada ya siku hizo tatu zilizotajwa. ‘Umar (ra) pia aliwapa mamlaka Waislamu hamsini watekeleze jambo hili, yaani kumuua mpinzani, licha ya kwamba walikuwa miongoni mwa watu wa shura na Maswahaba mashuhuri (ra). Agizo hili lilitolewa mbele ya Maswahaba (ra), wala hakuna aliyepokewa kupinga wala kutofautiana nalo. Hivyo basi, inakuwa Ijma‘ ya Maswahaba (ra) kwamba Waislamu hawaruhusiwi kukaa bila Khalifah zaidi ya usiku mbili na siku tatu, na Ijma‘ ya Maswahaba ni ushahidi halali wa Shari‘ah (daleel) kama Qur’ani na Sunnah ya Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ).

As for the evidence concerning the two night's time limit given to Muslims to perform the duty of establishing a Khalifah, it is the Ijma’a of the Sahabah. The Sahabah (ra) met in the courtyard of Banu Sa‘ida, to discuss the appointment of a successor to the Messenger of Allah (saw) as soon as the news of the death of the Prophet (saw) reached them. They kept discussing in the courtyard, and on the second day they gathered the people in the mosque in order to give the bay’ah. This consumed two nights and three days. In addition, when ‘Umar (ra) became certain that his death was imminent as a result of the stab wound, he entrusted the people of consultation (shura) and gave them three days to choose a new Khalifah. He recommended that if after the three days an agreement was reached about a Khalifah then the dissenter should be killed after the aforementioned three days. ‘Umar (ra) also empowered fifty Muslims to carry out this action i.e. to kill the dissenter, despite the fact they were from the people of shura and of the eminent Sahabah (ra). This order was given in the presence of the Sahabah (ra), and no one was reported to deny or disagree with it, so it becomes Ijma’a of the Sahabah (ra) that Muslims are not permitted to stay without a Khalifah for more than two nights and three days, and the Ijma’a of the Sahabah is a legitimate Shari’ah evidence (daleel) like the Qur’an and Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (saw).