Islom huquq sudida har bir sud jarayonining javobgarligi faqat bitta qozi zimmasida bo‘ladi. U Qur’on va Sunnatga asoslanib hukm chiqarish vakolatiga ega. Boshqa qozilar faqat raislik qiluvchi qozi so‘rasa, maslahat berishi yoki yordam ko‘rsatishi mumkin.

In an Islamic law court only one judge is responsible for any trial. He has the authority to pronounce judgements based on the Qur’an and Sunnah. Other judges may only advise or assist, if requested to do so by the presiding judge.

Islomiy jazolar faqat dalil aniq va qat'iy isbotlangan hamda tegishli barcha shartlar bajarilgan taqdirdagina qo'llanilishi mumkin (masalan, zinoni isbotlash uchun to'rt guvoh). Dalilda biror shubha bo'lsa, butun ish bekor qilinadi.

Islamic punishments can only be administered when the evidence is proven to be definite and all relevant conditions are met (for example four witnesses to prove adultery). If there is any doubt over the evidence the whole case is thrown out.

Islomda hakamning uch turi bor:

There are three types of judge in Islam :

Qozi ‘Aam — odamlar o‘rtasidagi nizolarni hal qilish uchun mas’ul, masalan, yer, avtohalokatlar, baxtsiz hodisalar va boshqa kundalik masalalar bo‘yicha.

1) Qadi ‘Aam - responsible for settling disputes among the people, e.g. everyday issues over land, car crashes, accidents etc.

2) Qozi Muhtasib — Ummat o‘rtasida yuzaga keladigan nizolarni va jamiyatga umuman zarar yetkazadigan kishilar bilan bog‘liq masalalarni hal qilish uchun mas’ul, masalan, ko‘chalarda baqirish, bozorda aldash va boshqalar.

2) Qadi Muhtasib - Responsible for resolving disputes that arise between the Ummah and any people who harm the society at large, e.g. shouting in the streets, cheating in the market etc.

3) Qozi Madhaalim — davlat amaldorlari bilan xalq o‘rtasidagi nizolarni hal qiluvchi shaxs. U istalgan hokimni yoki davlat amaldorini, jumladan xalifani ham lavozimidan chetlatishi mumkin.

3) Qadi Madhaalim - who deals with disputes between the people and the State officials. He can dismiss any ruler or government official, including the Khaleefah.

Ikkinchi xalifa ‘Umar ibn al-Xattob (634–644 M.Å. oralig‘ida musulmonlarning amiri) Makkada birinchi bo‘lib qamoqxonalar va turmalar tashkil etgan.

The second Khaleefah ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (Amir of the Muslims between 634-644 CE) was the first to set up jails and prisons in Makkah.

Sud tizimiga ko'ra, har bir shaxs, musulmon yoki g'ayrimusulmon, erkak yoki ayol, da'vogar va ayblanuvchi, o'ziga vakil yoki vakolatli shaxsni tayinlash huquqiga ega.

Under the Judicial System, every person, Muslim or non-Muslim, male or female, defendant and accused has the right to appoint a representative or proxy.

Bugungi kunda musulmon mamlakatlarida, masalan Pokistonda, mavjud bo‘lgan fuqarolik va jinoyat sudlari o‘rtasidagi farq bunday emas, bu yerda Islomning ba’zi qismlari va kufrning ba’zi qismlari birga qo‘llaniladi. Islom davlati faqat islom huquqining manbalarini, ya’ni Qur’on va Sunnatni (hamda ulardan kelib chiqadigan narsalarni) o‘zining yagona asosi sifatida qo‘llaydi.

There is no distinction between civil and criminal courts as we see today in Muslim countries, e.g. Pakistan where both parts of Islam and parts of kufr are applied. The Islamic State will only use the sources of Islamic law, i.e. the Qur’an and the Sunnah (and whatever derives from them), as its reference.

Islom jazolari hech qanday kechiktirmasdan va ikkilanmasdan ijro etiladi. Sud qarori bilan bo‘lmasa, hech kim jazolanmaydi. Bundan tashqari, har qanday qiynoq vositasi joiz emas.

Islamic punishments will be executed without delay or hesitation. No-one is to be punished except by a rule of court. In addition, any means of torture is not permissible.

Islom tizimida jinoyatdan jabrlangan shaxs ayblanuvchini kechirish yoki jinoyat uchun qisos, ya'ni tovon talab qilish huquqiga ega. Faqat hudud qonunlari bundan mustasno, chunki ular Alloh (SWT)ning huquqidir.

Under the Islamic system a person aggrieved of a crime has the right to forgive the accused or demand compensation (i.e. qisas) for a crime - except for hadud laws, which are the right of Allah (swt).

Islom jinoyatlar uchun belgilangan qo'lni kesish jazosi faqat yetti shart bajarilganda qo'llaniladi. Bular:

The Islamic punishment of hand-cutting only applies if seven conditions are fulfilled. These are :

1) Ikki guvoh (ularning guvohliklarida hech qanday ziddiyat yoki xatolik bo'lmasligi kerak).

1) Two witnesses (with no contradiction or error in their testimonies).

2) O'g'irlangan mol-mulkning qiymati bir dinorning to'rtdan bir qismidan (4,25 gramm oltindan) ortiq bo'lishi kerak.

2) The value of the stolen goods must exceed 1/4 of a dinar in value (4.25g of gold).

3) Ovqat bo‘lishi mumkin emas (agar o‘g‘ri och bo‘lgan bo‘lsa).

3) Cannot be food (if the thief was hungry).

4) O‘g‘rining oila a'zolaridan bo‘lmasligi kerak.

4) Cannot be from the thief’s family.

5) Mollar tabiatan halol bo‘lishi kerak (masalan, spirtli ichimliklar emas).

5) Goods must be halal in nature (e.g. not alcohol).

6) Xavfsiz joydan o‘g‘irlangan bo‘lishi kerak.

6) Must be stolen from a secure place.

7) Mollarning shubhasiz bo‘lishi kerak (ya’ni o‘g‘rining bu narsaga hech qanday haqqi yo‘qligi aniq bo‘lishi kerak, masalan, jamoat g‘aznasidagi pul).

7) Must be no doubt on the goods (i.e. the thief definitely has no right over it, e.g. money from the public treasury).

Butun 1300 yillik islomiy hukmronlik davomida qo'lini o'g'irlik uchun kesilgan kishilar soni atigi 200 atrofida bo'lgan.

Throughout the entire 1300 years of Islamic rule only around 200 people had their hand cut off for theft.

Har bir inson, agar rahbar unga nisbatan biror zulm qilgan bo‘lsa, uni sudga berish, unga gapirish va uni tanqid qilish huquqiga ega. Buning dalili sifatida, ‘Umar ibn al-Xattob davrida bir ayol mahr qiymati haqida uning qilgan xatosini tuzatgani keltiriladi.

Any person has the right to take the leader to court, speak to him or criticise him if he has done any transgressions towards him or her. This was the case when a woman in the time of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab corrected him over a mistake he made about the value of the dowry.

Fuqaroning sha'ni va obro'si Ummat zimmasidagi muqaddas amonatdir. Muhsan bo'lmagan deb boshqa musulmonga iftiro qilib, buni isbotlovchi to'rt guvohni keltirmagan kishining jazosi 80 darra qamchidir.

The honour of a citizen is a sacred trust upon the Ummah. The punishment for accusing another Muslim of being unchaste without producing four witnesses to substantiate the claim is 80 lashes.

Islom sud tizimida jazoning to'rt turi mavjud:

There are four categories of punishment in the Islamic Judicial System:

Hadud — Allohning haqi (SWT), masalan, zino (100 darra), murtadlik (o‘lim).

Hadud - The right of Allah (swt), e.g. fornication (100 lashes), apostasy (death).

Al-Jinayat — Shaxsning huquqi. U jinoyatchini kechirishi mumkin, masalan, qotillik va tana jarohati holatlarida.

Al-Jynayaat - The right of the individual. He/she may forgive the criminal, e.g. murder, bodily harm.

Ta'zir — jamoatning huquqi: jamoat hayotiga, ya'ni oddiy xalqning kundalik turmushiga ta'sir qiladigan masalalar, masalan, chiqindi tashlash, bozorda aldash.

Al-Ta‘azir - The right of the community - those issues that affect the every day life of the general public, e.g. littering, cheating in the market.

Al-Mukhalafat — Davlatning haqi — davlat ishlarini yuritishga ta'sir qiluvchi masalalar, masalan, tezlik chegarasini buzish.

Al-Mukhalafat - The right of the State - issues affecting the running of the State, e.g. breaking the speed limit.