Jinoyatning sodir etilganligini sud oldida isbotlashning turli usullari mavjud, ammo ular faqat aybdorlikni aniq belgilay oladiganlar bilan cheklanadi. Masalan, qotillik qurolidagi barmoq izlari kabi vaziyatli dalillar o'z-o'zidan barmoq izlari egasining aybdorligiga 100% ishonch bera olmaydi. Shu sababli, bunday dalil o'zi bilan islomiy sudda qabul qilinmaydi. Aniq isbotni ta'minlay oladigan ikki turdagi guvohlik mavjud:

There are various ways in which the perpetration of a crime can be proved in court, but these are restricted only to that which can ascertain definite guilt. For example, circumstantial evidence like fingerprints on a murder weapon are not in themselves sufficient to give 100% certainty of the guilt of the owner of the fingerprints. Therefore, this kind of evidence alone is unacceptable in the Islamic court. There are two types of testimony which can confer definite proof :

1) Guvohlik (shahada): Jinoyat sodir bo‘layotganini o‘z ko‘zi bilan ko‘rgan kishining guvohligi haqiqiy dalil hisoblanadi. Biroq bu faqat guvohning ishonchliligi isbotlangan hollardagina qo‘llaniladi. Guvohlar sifatida olib kelingan har bir shaxsning xarakteri, xotirasi, aqli va boshqa fazilatlarini tekshirish maqsadida maxsus sud mavjud.