6.5.1 Tashqi ishlar (tashqi siyosat)
6.5.1 The External Affairs (Foreign Policy)
Islom davlatining tashqi siyosati
The Foreign Policy of the Islamic State
Islom Davlatining tashqi siyosati davlatning tashqi siyosatini hamda uning boshqa xalqlar va davlatlar bilan munosabatlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Islomdagi tashqi siyosat uchta maqsadga xizmat qiladi:
The foreign policy of the Islamic State covers the external policies of the State and its relationship with other nations and countries. The foreign policy in Islam serves three objectives:
1. Davlat va ummat yaxlitligini himoya qilish.
1. To protect the entity of the State and the Ummah.
2. Boshqa xalq va millatlarga da'vatni osonlashtirish.
2. To facilitate the da‘wah to other people and nations.
3. Islomiy davlatning boshqa davlatlar bilan munosabatlarini tartibga solish.
3. To organise the relationship of the Islamic State with other states.
Ushbu maqsadlarni ko'rib chiqsak, Islom Davlatining tashqi siyosati nafaqat musulmonlar zimmasidagi amalga oshirilishi lozim bo'lgan farz (majburiyat) ekani ayon bo'ladi, balki dunyo bo'ylab, masalan Bosniya, Kashmir, Falastin va boshqa joylarda musulmonlarga nisbatan davom etayotgan qon to'kish, zo'rlash va vayronagarchilik sharoitida, u amaliy zaruratdir.
When one considers these aims it becomes clearly apparent that the foreign policy of the Islamic State is not merely a fard (obligation) upon the Muslims to implement, but with the existing bloodshed, rape and destruction of Muslims around the world, like Bosnia, Kashmir, Palestine etc., it is a practical necessity.
Musulmon ummatining insoniyatga Islom xabarini yetkazishi eng muhim burchdir. Xaybardan qaytganida, Allah elchisi (saw) sahobalariga (ra) murojaat qilib dedi: “Ey odamlar, Allah meni butun insoniyatga rahmat sifatida yubordi; Maryam o‘g‘li Iso (as) bilan shogirdlar bahslashganidek, menga qarshi bahslashmanglar.” Sahobalar so‘radilar: “Ey Allahning Nabiysi, shogirdlar qanday bahslashdilar?” U zot (saw) javob berdi: “U (Iso) ularni men sizlarni chaqirgan narsaga chaqirdi. Yaqin joyga yuborilgan kishi rozi va qanoatlangan bo‘ldi, uzoq joyga yuborilgan kishi esa norozi bo‘lib, oyoqlari og‘irlashdi.” Bu da’vatni yetkazishning ahamiyatiga ishoradir.
It is an utmost duty upon the Muslim Ummah to convey the message of Islam to humanity. On His arrival from Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah (saw), addressing his companions (ra), said, “Oh people, Allah has sent me as a mercy to all mankind; do not dispute with me like the disciples disputed with Isa (as) son of Maryam. The companions exclaimed : And how did the disciples dispute, O Prophet of Allah? He (saw) answered : He (Isa) called them to that which I called you; he who was sent to a near place was pleased and satisfied, but he who was sent to a far place became displeased and heavy footed.” This is an indication of the importance of carrying the da‘wah.
Va Alloh (SWT) aytadi,
And Allah (swt) says,.
"U shunday Zotdir, Elchisini hidoyat va haq din bilan yubordi, toki uni barcha boshqa dinlardan ustun qilsin." [TMQ 9:33].
“It is He who has sent the Messenger with the guidance and the deen of truth, that it may prevail over all other deens.” [TMQ 9:33].
Islomni yoyish vazifasi musulmonlarning butun dunyoda yuz berayotgan voqealardan xabardor bo‘lishlarini taqozo etadi. Bu xabardorlik turli davlatlar, xalqlar va fikrlar haqida ongli bilimni talab qiladi, chunki ularning barchasi maqsad, ya’ni Islomni yoyish uchun muhimdir.
The duty to spread Islam necessitates that the Muslims be in contact with what is happening all over the world. This contact requires an awareness of the many differing states, peoples and thoughts, because all of them are essential to the goal, i.e. the spreading of Islam.
Bizning Islom ummati sifatidagi maqsadimiz Islomni dunyoning barcha burchaklariga yetkazishdir, bu esa bizni xalqaro miqyosda ish olib borishga majbur qiladi. Boshqacha aytganda, biz dunyoning vaziyatini va asosiy muammolarini bilishimiz, xalqning maqsad-niyatlarini va jamoatchilik fikrini tushunishimiz, turli siyosiy harakatlar va chora-tadbirlarni anglashimiz, eng muhimi, xalqaro maydonda nima bo'layotganidan xabardor bo'lishimiz kerak. Bunday siyosiy ongli bo'lish yirik davlatlar uchun birinchi darajali ahamiyatga ega bo'lib, dunyodagi siyosatchilar asosan shu masalalar bilan shug'ullanadilar.
Our goal as an Islamic Ummah is to spread Islam to all corners of the globe and this means we are compelled to work on an international level. In other words we must know the situation and major problems of the world, understand the motives and public opinion of the people, the various political actions and manoeuvres and above all, we must be aware of what is happening in the international arena. This political awareness is of primary importance to the major states and is what politicians all over the world mainly concern themselves with.
Islomiy Davlat xalqi siyosiy ongga ega bo‘lishi kerak bo‘lgan xususiyatlardan biri sifatida. Agar Islom da’vatini (da’vah) yoyish ularning burchi ekan, bu ong keng tarqalgan bo‘lishi lozim. Bu ongga erishmasdan turib, boshqa davlatlar bilan munosabatlarimizni tartibga solishni boshlay olmaymiz.
The people of the Islamic State should have political awareness as one of their characteristics. If it is their duty to spread the Islamic call (da‘wah), then this awareness must be made commonplace. We cannot begin to organise our relationships with the other states unless we achieve this awareness.
Shunday qilib, islomiy da'vatni yetkazish Islom davlatining tashqi siyosati aylanadigan o'q bo'lib, boshqa davlatlar bilan munosabatlar qurilishi asosidir.
Hence, conveying the Islamic call is the axis around which the Foreign Policy of the Islamic State revolves, and is the basis upon which relationships with other states are built.
Islom davlatining boshqa davlatlar bilan munosabati
The Relationship of the Islamic State with Other States
Islom Davlatining boshqa davlatlar bilan munosabatlari to'rt yo'nalishga asoslanishi kerak:
The relationship of the Islamic State with other states should be built upon four approaches:
1. Birinchidan, musulmon dunyosidagi davlatlar bitta mamlakatning bir qismi deb hisoblanishi kerak. Shu sababli bu davlatlar tashqi siyosat doirasiga kiritilmaydi. Buning o'rniga, ularning barchasini yagona davlatga birlashtirish tartibi qo'llanadi. Masalan, agar Misrda Davlat tashkil etilgan bo'lsa, boshqa barcha musulmon mamlakatlar chet davlatlar sifatida emas, balki musulmon ummatining bir qismi sifatida qaraladi. Biz ularni alohida davlatlar deb tan olmaymiz. Shuning uchun ularda o'z elchixonalarimizni ochmaymiz va aksincha ham bo'lmaydi. Buning o'rniga, o'sha mamlakatlardagi musulmonlarni o'z burchlariga, ya'ni o'zlarini Islom Davlatiga birlashtirishga chaqirishimiz kerak.
1. Firstly, the countries of the Muslim world are to be considered as being part of one country. Hence, these countries are not considered in the sphere of foreign policy. Instead the procedure will be to unify them all into one state. For example, if the State was established in Egypt, then all the other Muslim countries would be considered - not as foreign states - but as part of the Muslim Ummah. We would not recognise them as separate states. Therefore, we would not establish our embassies in them or vice versa. Instead we should call the Muslims in those countries to their duty which is to unite themselves to the Islamic State.
2. Those davlatlar bilan Islom davlati iqtisodiy, savdo, yaxshi qo'shnichilik va/yoki madaniy shartnomalarga ega bo'lsa, ular bilan shartnomalar shartlariga muvofiq muomala qilinadi. Biroq, ular bilan iqtisodiy va savdo munosabatlari Ummat manfaatiga xizmat qiladigan ma'lum mahsulotlar bilan cheklanishi kerak. Bu bizning hisobimizga o'sha davlatlarning kuchayishiga olib kelmasligi lozim.
2. Those states with whom the Islamic State has economic, commercial, good neighbouring and/or cultural treaties; they are treated in accordance to the terms of the treaties. However, the economic and commercial relations with them must be confined to certain items that benefit the Ummah. It must not lead to the strengthening of those states on our account.
3. Bizda shartnomalar bo‘lmagan davlatlar; America, Fransiya va Britaniya kabi haqiqiy imperialistik davlatlar; hamda Islom Davlatida ambitsiyalari bo‘lgan, masalan Rossiya kabi davlatlar. Bularning barchasi urush bo‘yicha potentsial dushmanlar va ehtimoliy bosqinchilar hisoblanadi. Ular bilan bo‘lgan barcha ehtiyot choralari ko‘rilishi kerak.
3. Those states with whom we do not have treaties; the actual Imperialist states like America, France and Britain; and those states that have ambitions in the Islamic State, such as Russia. All these states are considered as potential enemies of war and possible invaders. All precautions should be taken with them.
Tashqi siyosatning asosi va uslubi
The Basis and the Method for the Foreign Policy
Islom Davlati bilan boshqa davlatlar o‘rtasidagi munosabatning asosi islomga da’vat qilish (da‘vah) vazifasidir. Bunga erishish usuli jihodni e’lon qilishdir. Bu Muhammad ﷺ usuli bo‘lgan, Madinada Islom Davlati tashkil topgan zahoti ham shunday qilingan. Shuni ta’kidlash kerakki, musulmonlarga dushman bilan urushni boshlashga, avval unga Islomni qabul qilish va uni o‘zlashtirib, shu bilan Islom Davlatining bir qismiga aylanish imkoniyatini taqdim etmasdan turib, ruxsat berilmagan. Bu jihod orqali islom da’vatini yetkazishning uch bosqichli usulidagi birinchi jarayondir.
The root of interaction between the Islamic State and the other states is the duty to propagate the call of Islam (da‘wah). The method by which to achieve this is the declaration of Jihad. This was the method of Muhammad (saw) as soon as the Islamic State was established in Madinah. It must be stressed that the Muslims are not permitted to start fighting with the enemy without first presenting them with the opportunity to accept and embrace Islam, thereby becoming part of the Islamic State. This is the first process of the three stage method of delivering the call of Islam through Jihad.
Agar bu taklif rad etilsa, ulardan jizya (boshiga soliq) to‘lash va Davlat tarkibiga kirish talab qilinadi. Ular zimmiy (Islom Davlatining musulmon bo‘lmagan fuqarosi) sifatida qaraladi, ya’ni Davlat ularning xavfsizligi va himoyasi uchun mas’ul bo‘ladi. Ular Islom Shariati bilan boshqariladi va ularning yeri musulmon yeri hamda Islom Davlatining bir qismiga aylanadi.
If this offer is turned down, they are asked to pay jizyah (head tax) and to be part of the State. They would be treated as dhimma (non- Muslim citizen of the State), i.e. the State would be responsible for their security and protection. They would be ruled by the Islamic Shari‘ah and their land would become Muslim land and part of the Islamic State.
Agar dushman, aksincha, bu ikki variantni ham rad etsa, ya'ni Islom aqidasi va tizimini rad etsa hamda tizimni qabul qilishdan va jizyani to'lashdan bosh tortsa, musulmonlar uchinchi bosqichga o'tib, ular bilan urush e'lon qilar edilar. Muslim Sulaymon ibn Buraid rivoyatida naql qiladi: Allohning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan: "Agar ular Islomni qabul qilishdan bosh tortsalar, ulardan jizya talab qilinglar. Agar rozi bo'lib to'lashsa, uni ulardan qabul qilinglar va qo'llaringizni tiying. Agar jizyani to'lashdan bosh tortsalar, Allohdan yordam so'rang va ular bilan jang qilinglar".
If the enemy on the other hand refused both of these options, namely to reject the Islamic Belief and System or reject the System and the payment of jizyah, the Muslims would proceed to the third stage and declare war upon them. Muslim narrated on the authority of Sulaiman ibn Buraid that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said, “If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the jizyah. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the jizyah, seek Allah’s help and fight them.”.