6.1 Hukmlar tizimi haqida faktlar
6.1 Facts about the Ruling System
Islom hukumat tizimi Alloh (SWT) tomonidan belgilangan noyob birlik tizimiga asoslanadi. U hech qanday jihatdan federativ, demokratik, respublika, monarxiya yoki diktatura tizimi emas. U insoniy mafkuralarning hech biriga o‘xshamaydi.
The Islamic Ruling System is based upon a unique system of unity ordained by Allah (swt). It is not a federal, democratic, republican, monarchical or dictatorial system at all. It has no similarity to any man-made ideology.
Islomiy davlat o'z hokimiyati ostidagi odamlarni, ular musulmon bo'lsinmi yoki g'ayrimusulmon bo'lsinmi, fuqarolar sifatida ko'radi. Ularning barchasining huquqlari Islom tomonidan kafolatlangan. "Etnik ozchilik" tushunchasi yo'q, chunki odamlar terisi, irqi yoki dini sababli hech qanday kamsitishga uchramaydi.
The Islamic State considers people under its authority as citizens, whether they are Muslims or non-Muslims. All have their rights guaranteed by Islam. There is no concept of ‘ethnic minority’ as people are not discriminated against at all due to their colour, race or religion.
Al-Qurafiy va Ibn Hazm (Islom olimlari orasida taniqli ulamolar) rivoyat qilishgan:
Al-Qurafi and Ibn Hazm (prominent scholars of Islam) reported:
Bizning zimmiylarni (musulmon bo‘lmagan fuqarolarni) yurtimizga tajovuzkorlar hujum qilganda himoya qilish bizning burchimiz ekanligi va zarur bo‘lsa, ularni himoya qilish yo‘lida jon berishimiz kerakligi. Bunday burchni e’tiborsiz qoldirish zimmiylarning huquqlarini buzish hisoblanadi.
“That it would be our duty to protect the people of dhimma (non- Muslim citizens) if aggressors attacked our land, and we should die protecting them if necessary. Any neglect of such a duty would be a breach of the rights of the dhimma.”.
Usmoniylar xalifaligining doimiy armiyasi bir paytlar 60 million kishidan iborat bo‘lgan. Musulmon askarining (mujohidning) ruhiyati uni yengilmas qiladi. Jangda halok bo‘lsa, u shahidlik darajasiga erishadi, g‘olib chiqsa, uning armiyasi zafar qozonadi. Shu sababli Mu‘tah jangida 3000 musulmon yaxshiroq qurollangan 200 000 rim askariga qarshi chiqishga tayyor bo‘lgan. Musulmonlarning jang shiori: “Ey Alloh! Men Sening huzuringga kelyapman!” bo‘lgan.
The standing army of the ‘Uthmani Khilafah was at one stage 60 million strong. The mentality of the Muslim soldier (mujahid) makes him undefeatable. If he is killed in battle he achieves martyrdom, and if he wins, his army is victorious. This is why in the battle of Mu‘tah, 3000 Muslims were prepared to face 200,000 better equipped Roman soldiers. The battle cry of the Muslims was, “Oh Allah! I am coming to you!”.
Salibchilar Shom (Suriya) ga hujum qilganlarida, ularga qarshi Islom davlatining qo'shini jang qildi, mamlakat xristianlarining 80 foizi esa o'zlarining musulmon vatandoshlari bilan birga jang qilishdi.
When the Crusaders attacked al-Sham (Syria), they were fought by the army of the Islamic State, where 80% of the country’s Christians were fighting along side their Muslim fellow citizens.
Islom urush paytida ham askarlarga intizom qoidalarini yuklaydi. Jihodning maqsadi odamlarni o'ldirish yoki ularni e'tiqodini o'zgartirishga majburlash emas. U odamlarni xorlash, ekspluatatsiya qilish, resurslarni talon-taroj qilish yoki dushmanni jazolash maqsadini ham ko'zlamaydi. Aksincha, u odamlarning Islom da'vatiga kirishiga to'sqinlik qiluvchi jismoniy to'siqlarni bartaraf etish vositasidir. Bu to'siqlarga ekspluatatsiyachi va buzuq rahbarlar, shuningdek, manfaatdor imtiyozli oz sonli kishilar va ularning tarafdorlari kiradi.
Islam imposes disciplines upon soldiers even in times of war. The purpose of Jihad is not to kill people or force them to change their belief. Nor does it aim to humiliate, exploit, plunder resources or punish the enemy. Rather it is a means of removing the physical barriers which prevent the people from having access to the call of Islam. These barriers include exploitative and corrupt leaders as well as the privileged few who have vested interests, and their supporters.
Islom Davlatida hech qanday chegaralar yo‘q. Irqi yoki rangidan qat’i nazar, barcha odamlar bitta rahbar bayrog‘i ostida birlashgan.
There are no borders within the Islamic State. All people regardless of race or colour are united under the banner of one leader.
Xalifalik imperiya emas, eski ingliz yoki fransuz mustamlakachilari kabi emaski, ular boshqa xalqlarning boyligini talon-taroj qilib, poytaxtlariga qaytarib olib ketgan. Musulmonlar bo'lmaganlar tomonidan bosib olingan barcha joylarda aholi o'z bosqinchilarini la'natlaydi, Islom orqali ochilgan hududlarda esa xalq hanuz uning qaytishini orzu qiladi va buning uchun hatto jonini berishga ham tayyor.
The Khilafah is not an empire, like the old British or French colonialists who stole the wealth of other nations and returned them to their capitals. In all the places that were occupied by non-Muslims, the inhabitants curse their occupiers, while in areas that were opened to Islam, the people still long for its return, and are prepared even to die to achieve it.
Ummatning ishlarini boshqarish vazifasi faqat xalifa (davlat rahbari) va unga yordam berish uchun u vakolat bergan shaxslarga tegishlidir. Boshqa hech bir guruh, shaxs yoki tashkilot bu masalaga aralashishi mumkin emas.
The job of looking after the affairs of the Ummah is restricted to the Khaleefah (head of state) and those he delegates to assist him. No other group, individual or organisation can involve themselves in this issue.
Musulmon bo'lmaganlarga zulm qilish yoki ularga adolatsiz kamsitish munosabatida bo'lish mumkin emas. Ularning ibodatxonalariga (masalan, cherkovlar, sinagogalar va boshqalar) hujum qilish yoki ularni vayron qilish ham mumkin emas. Shu sababli musulmon dunyosining Misr, Iroq, Balkan va boshqa hududlarida Islom hukmronligi ostida asrlar davomida saqlanib qolgan cherkovlar va ibodatxonalarni ko'rishimiz mumkin.
Non-Muslims cannot be mistreated or unjustly discriminated against. Nor can their places of worship (e.g. Churches, Synagogues etc.) be attacked or destroyed. This is why we see areas in the Muslim world with Churches and temples that have lasted for centuries under Islamic rule, such as those seen in Egypt, Iraq, the Balkans etc.
Islom Davlatida Islomga asoslanmagan hech qanday guruhlar, tashkilotlar yoki muxolifat partiyalari mavjud bo'lishi yoki targ'ib qilinishi mumkin emas. Biroq, Islomga asoslangan guruhlar mavjud bo'lish uchun ruxsat talab qilmaydi va ularning soni ko'p bo'lishi mumkin.
No groups, organisations or opposition parties based on non-Islamic principles can exist or be propagated in the Islamic State. However, those based on Islam need no permission to exist, and can be many in number.
Xilofat poytaxtida qaror qabul qilish, strategiya belgilash va maslahatlashuv markazi joylashgan. Islom tarixi davomida beshta asosiy poytaxt bo‘lgan:
The centre of decision making, strategy and consultation is done in the capital city of the Khilafah. Throughout the history of Islam there have been five main capitals :
Muhammad ﷺ - Madina.
Muhammad (saw) - Madinah.
ʿAli (ra) - Kufa.
‘Ali (ra) - Kufah.
Umaviylar – Damashq.
Ummayads - Damascus.
Abbosiylar – Bag'dod.
Abbasids - Baghdad.
Usmonlilar – Istanbul.
‘Uthmanis – Istanbul.
Xalifalik rahbarligi turli joylarda o‘zgarib turdi va butun islom tarixi davomida turli irqiy kelib chiqishga ega musulmonlar tomonidan boshqarildi. Bu xalifalikning imperialistik tuzilma emasligiga, ya’ni boshqa xalqlar boyligini tortib olib, uni o‘z poytaxtiga olib ketadigan tuzilma emasligiga guvohlik beradi. Uning maqsadi Allahning dinini (SWT) butun insoniyatga yetkazishdir.
The leadership of the Khilafah changed from place to place and was held by Muslims of different racial origins throughout Islamic history. This bears testimony to the fact that the Khilafah is not an imperialistic entity, which steals wealth from other nations to return it to its capital. Its purpose is to convey the deen of Allah (swt) to all mankind.
Islom davlatida rahbarlik va hokimiyat markazlashgan, boshqaruv esa markazsizlashgan. Davlat bir qancha viloyatlardan (wilayaat) iborat bo'lib, ularga hokimlar (wali) boshchilik qiladi.
Leadership and ruling in an Islamic State is centralised, whereas administration is decentralised. The State is made up of a number of wilayaat (provinces) headed by governors.
Davlatning asosiy mansabdor shaxslari Xalifa tomonidan tayinlanadi. Har bir qaror davlat rahbaridan kelib chiqishi kerak. Bu boshqaruv tizimidagi har qanday korrupsiya va chalkashlikni inkor etadi. Xalifa oxir-oqibat javobgardir.
The main officials of the State are appointed by the Khaleefah. Every decision must emanate from the head of State. This negates any corruption and confusion within the ruling system. The Khaleefah is ultimately responsible.
Xalifani tayinlash usuli bay‘at (xalq bilan hukmdor o‘rtasidagi shartnoma) orqali amalga oshiriladi; bunda xalq hukmdor Islomni joriy etar ekan, unga itoat etishi lozim.
The method of appointing a Khaleefah is through the process of bay‘ah (contract between the people and ruler), where the people are to obey the ruler as long as he implements Islam.
Xalifani tayinlash usuli bay‘at (xalq bilan hukmdor o‘rtasidagi shartnoma) orqali amalga oshiriladi; bunda xalq hukmdor Islomni joriy etar ekan, unga itoat etishi lozim.
The method of appointing a Khaleefah is through the process of bay‘ah (contract between the people and ruler), where the people are to obey the ruler as long as he implements Islam.
Bay‘ah tuzilishi uchun ikki holatdan birida amalga oshirilishi mumkin:
The bay‘ah may be contracted after either :
— umumiy ovoz berish orqali musulmonlarning, yoki.
- a general vote of the Muslims, or.
— Ummat vakillari va nufuzli kishilarning tayinlashi orqali.
- by appointment from the representatives of the Ummah and influential people.
Abu Hurayrah (ra) rivoyat qilishicha, Allahning Elchisi ﷺ shunday degan: “Diqqat qiling, imom faqat qalqon bo‘lib, odamlar undan orqasida turib jang qiladi va o‘zlarini u orqali himoya qiladilar.” (Muslim).
Abu Hurayrah (ra) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said, “Behold, the Imam is but a shield from behind which the people fight and by which they protect themselves.” (Muslim).
Xalifa ‘Umar ibn ‘Abdul Aziz bir kuni namozdan keyin yig‘layotganida xotini uni topdi; unga biror narsa uni qayg‘uga solganmi, deb so‘raganida, u shunday javob berdi:
Khaleefah ‘Umar ibn ‘Abdul Aziz was once found by his wife weeping after his prayers; asked if anything had happened to cause him grief, he replied:
“Ey Fotima, men musulmonlar va ajnabiylar ustidan hokim etib qo‘yilganman. Och qolgan kambag‘allarni, muhtojlikka tushgan kasallarni, azob ichida yalang‘och qolgan kishilarni, zulm bilan ezilgan mazlumlarni, zindonda qolgan musofirni, qadrli keksa kishini, katta oilasi bo‘lib, mablag‘i oz bo‘lgan kishini, yer yuzidagi mamlakatlarda va uzoq viloyatlarda yashayotganlarni o‘ylab yurdim. Rabbim qiyomat kuni ular haqida mendan hisob so‘rashini his qildim, hech qanday uzr-bahona menga foyda bermasligidan qo‘rqib, yig‘ladim.”ﷺ
“O Fatimah, I have been made the ruler over the Muslims and the strangers and I was thinking of the poor that are starving, and the sick that are destitute, and the naked that are in distress, and the oppressed that are stricken, and the stranger that is in prison, and the venerable elder, and he that has a large family and small means, and those of them in the countries of the earth and the distant provinces, and I felt that my Lord would ask an account of them at my hands on the day of resurrection, and I feared that no defence would avail me and I wept.”.
Ummat o‘zidan vakillarni saylaydi, ular Majlis al-Ummah (Ummat Kengashi)da turadilar. Kengash xalifani Islomni amalga oshirishida nazorat qiladi va unga Ummat ishlari bo‘yicha maslahat beradi. Majlis al-Ummahning ikki turi bor: biri markaziy, ikkinchisi viloyat darajasidagi.
The Ummah elects representatives from among itself to stand on the Majlis al-Ummah (Council of the Ummah), which scrutinises the Khaleefah in his implementation of Islam, and advises him on the affairs of the Ummah. There are two types of Majlis al-Ummah - one is central and the other is provincial.
Bugungi kunda dunyoda Islom tomonidan buyurilgan hukumat tizimini amalga oshiradigan birorta ham davlat mavjud emas. Aksincha, dunyodagi barcha musulmon davlatlar aholisining ko'pchiligi musulmon bo'lishiga qaramay, kufr (islomga zid) qonunlari asosida boshqariladi.
There is no country existing in the world today that implements the system of government ordered by Islam. Rather, all the Muslim countries in the world are ruled by laws of kufr (non-Islam) even though the majority of their populations are Muslims.