Jazo tizimining tamoyillari:

The following are the principles of the punishment system :

Musulmon har bir qilgan amali uchun javobgardir va har bir jinoyat uchun Davlat tomonidan qo'llaniladigan jazo mavjuddir.

1) The Muslim is accountable for every action that he/she has performed and for every crime there exists a punishment that is enforced by the State.

Shunday tamoyil muhim, chunki u nafaqat jamiyatni himoya qiladi, balki bunday jinoyatlar uchun jazoni Shariat sudi orqali olish uning oxiratdagi jazosini ham olib tashlaydi. U kaffara vazifasini o‘taydi va tavba qilish hamda kechirim so‘rash vositasi hisoblanadi. Musulmonlar Alloh (SWT) barcha amallarni bilib turishini va ularning hisobini berishini esdan chiqarmasliklari kerak. Shuning uchun bu dunyoda jazoni olib, samimiy tavba qilish oxiratdagi jazoga duch kelishdan yaxshiroqdir.

Such a principle is important because it not only protects the society, but taking the punishment for such crimes through a court of Shari‘ah removes its punishment in the afterlife. It acts as a kaffara and is a means to repent and seek forgiveness. Muslims need to remember that Allah (swt) knows and will account all the actions. Therefore, it is better to get the punishment in this life and sincerely repent than to face the punishment in the afterlife.

Payg‘ambar Muhammad (saw) davrida ko‘plab musulmonlar qattiq jazoga loyiq bo‘lgan jinoyatlarini Qiyomat kunidagi qasosdan qochish uchun o‘zlari iqror bo‘lishgan. Abu Dovud rivoyat qilishicha, zino qilganini iqror bo‘lgan va toshbo‘ron qilinishi buyurilgan bir kishi haqida Muhammad (saw) shunday degan: “U Alloh nazdida misk xushbo‘yligidan ham yoqimliroqdir.”

Many of the Muslims during the time of Muhammad (saw) confessed to their crimes that were severely punishable in order that they may avoid the retribution for their actions on the Day of Judgement. It is narrated by Abu Daud when referring to a man who confessed to an illegal sexual act, and was ordered to be stoned to death, Muhammad (saw) said, “He is more agreeable than the fragrance of musk in the eyes of Allah.”.

Jazoni imkon qadar oldini olish kerak.

2) The punishment should be prevented as much as possible.

Bu jazo qo'llanishining asosiy sababi uning qattiqligi to'sqinlik qilish vazifasini bajarishidir. Shubhali yoki vaziyatga bog'liq har qanday dalil jazoning oldini oladi. Darhaqiqat, Muhammad (saw) ning siyratida (hayotida) rivoyat qilinadiki, kishilar o'zlariga jazo qo'llanishini so'raganda, u jazoning oldini olish uchun qattiq harakat qilar edi. Rivoyat qilinadiki, Muhammad ﷺ shunday degan: "Jinoyatchini xato bilan ozod qilish, aybsiz odamni xato bilan jazolashdan yaxshiroqdir." Oisha (ra) rivoyat qildi: "Jazolarni imkon qadar qaytaring. Agar musulmon uchun biror chiqish yo'li topsangiz, uni ozod qiling. Agar imom afv etishda xato qilsa, bu uning jazo berishda xato qilishidan yaxshiroqdir."

This applies because the severity of the punishment serves the primary role of a deterrent. Any shred of evidence that is doubtful or circumstantial will prevent the punishment. Indeed it is narrated in the Seerah (life) of Muhammad (saw) how he would exert himself to avert the punishment when individuals asked for the punishment to be implemented upon them. It is narrated that Muhammad (saw) said, “To free someone criminal mistakenly is better than to punish someone innocent mistakenly.” ‘A’isha (ra) narrated, “Ward off punishments as much as you can. If you find any way out for a Muslim then set him free. If the Imam makes a mistake in granting forgiveness it is better for him than that he should commit a mistake in imposing punishment.”.

Shunday qilib, isbot yukining og'irligini nazarda tutsak, Islom sudyaligida noto'g'ri hukm chiqarish yoki asossiz jazo bo'lmaydi.

In this way, bearing in mind the heavy burden of proof, false conviction or unjustified punishment will be absent in the Islamic judiciary.

3) Islom fuqarolarining barchasi — musulmon bo‘lsinmi yoki bo‘lmasinmi — uchun olti narsani himoya qilish va ta’minlash maqsadida jazolarni belgilaydi: e’tiqod, nomus-shaxsiy qadr-qimmat, aql, mol-mulk, hayot va nasl.

3) Islam sets down punishments to protect and secure six issues for all citizens of the State, whether Muslim or non-Muslim : Belief, Honour, Mind, Property, Life and Offspring.

Aqida: Islom e'tiqodi dinning ustunidir va har qanday qimmatli javohir kabi himoyalanadi. Shuning uchun Islomni qabul qilib, nasihat olgandan keyin undan chiqmoqchi bo'lgan har bir kishi o'lim jazosiga loyiqdir. Xuddi shu jazo Islom e'tiqodini haqorat qilgan har bir kishiga ham tegishlidir.

Belief : The Islamic belief is the pillar of the deen and like any precious jewel, it is protected. Therefore, anyone who wants to leave Islam after accepting it and being advised, is subject to the penalty of death. The same punishment is applicable to anyone that slanders the belief of Islam.

Qur'on oyatining ma'nosi, go'yo, g'ayridinlarga nisbatan:

Concerning the non-Muslims, the meaning of the Qur’anic verse,.

"Dinda majburlash yo'q" [TMQ 2:256].

“There is no compulsion in religion” [TMQ 2:256].

Bu, zimmiylarning musulmon bo‘lishga majbur qilinmasligini va o‘z dinlarini ochiq-oshkora amalga oshirish huquqlarining himoya qilinishini ta’minlaydi.

ensures that non-Muslims cannot be forced to become Muslims, and their right to practice their religion is protected.

Sharaf: Islomda ayollar sharaf-hurmat (‘ird) hisoblanadi va ularni har qanday zarar, tuhmat va xo‘rlovchi harakatlardan himoya qilish shart. Shu sababli Islom ayolning qadr-qimmatini himoya qiladi va hatto uning g‘iybatini qilgan kishilarni jazolaydi. Bundan tashqari, Islom odamlarning sharafini himoya qiladi va ular haqida tuhmat tarqatganlarni jazolaydi. Buni qilganligi tegishli tarzda isbotlangan har bir kishi sakson darra bilan jazolanadi.

Honour : In Islam, women are an honour (‘ird) and must be protected from all harm, slander and degrading actions. Therefore, Islam protects the dignity of women by punishing those who even backbite against her. Moreover, Islam protects the honour of people by punishing those who spread slanders against them. Anyone who is properly convicted of doing so is punished by eighty lashes.

Aql: Islomda spirtli ichimliklar va aqlni xiralashtiradigan boshqa moddalarni iste'mol qilish taqiqlangan. Shunga ko'ra, bunday moddalarning jamiyatga muqarrar ravishda olib keladigan barcha ijtimoiy muammolar bartaraf etiladi. Bunday moddalarni iste'mol qilganlik uchun jazo - delikatsiya qamchi urish.

Mind : The use of alcoholic drinks and any other substances that befog the mind are forbidden in Islam. Accordingly, all the social problems which are inevitable consequences of such substances on the society are removed. The punishment for use of such substances is eighty lashes.

Mulk: Islom o'z fuqarolarining mol-mulkini qo'riydi, o'g'rining qo'lini kesish kabi qattiq jazo belgilash orqali, bunda bu yerda qo'llaniladigan barcha shartlar (masalan, molning qiymati, molning saqlangan joyi va boshqalar) hisobga olinadi.

Property : Islam protects the wealth of all its citizens by securing a harsh punishment, e.g. cutting the hand of the thief, subject to all the conditions which apply here (like the value of the goods, the place of storage of the goods etc.).

Hayot: Muhammad ﷺ shunday degan: "Musulmonning qoni Ka'bадан va uning atrofidagi hamma narsadan qimmatroqdir." Qotillikning jazosi o'limdir, ammo marhumning oilasi kechirish va qon puli olish huquqiga ega.

Life : Muhammad (saw) said that, “The blood of a Muslim is worth more than the Ka‘aba and all its surroundings.” The punishment for murder is death, with the right of the family of the deceased to forgive and receive blood money.

Nasl: Islom insonlarning to‘g‘ri nasabini va ularning farzandlarini tan olinishini kafolatlaydi hamda hech bir farzandning o‘z ota-onasidan boshqa kishiga nohaq ravishda nisbat berilmasligini ta’minlaydi. Buning asosiy yo‘li noqonuniy jinsiy munosabatlarni taqiqlash va ularni jazolashdir.

Offspring : Islam guarantees recognition of the correct lineage of people and their children, and ensures that no child is wrongfully attributed to anyone other than their own parentage. This is primarily achieved by forbidding and punishing illicit sexual relations.

Islom bu barcha kafolatlar bilan insonlar eng qadrli deb biladigan narsalarni himoya qiladi. Ushbu kafolatlardan birortasini suiiste'mol qilishda aybdor bo‘lganlar jazoga tortiladi.

With all these securities, Islam protects the things which human beings hold as most valuable. Those who are guilty of abusing any of these securities are subject to punishment.