8.3.9 Munosabatlar va nikoh (Nikoh) - Islom tizimiga kirish | Quran Course

8.3.9 Munosabatlar va nikoh (Nikoh) - Islom tizimiga kirish | Quran Course

Islomda nikoh qilish juda tavsiya etiladi, erkak va ayollar qodir bo‘lishlari bilan, ya’ni jismonan voyaga yetgan va xotinni boqishga qodir bo‘lganlarida, nikohga shoshilishga undaladilar. Darhaqiqat, u ibodat sifatida ko‘riladi va er-xotin o‘rtasidagi har bir ehtiyojni qondirish sadaqadir.

Marriage is highly recommended in Islam, with men and women being encouraged to marry as soon as they are able (i.e. physically mature and capable of supporting a wife). It is in fact seen as an act of worship, and every act of fulfilment between husband and wife is a charity.

Anas (ra) rivoyat qilishicha, Payg'ambar ﷺ shunday degan: "Bir kishi uylansa, u dinining yarmini ado etgan bo'ladi. Shunday ekan, qolgan yarmi haqida Allohdan qo'rqsin."

Anas (ra) narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “When a man marries, he has fulfilled half of his deen, so let him fear Allah regarding the remaining half.”.

Nikoh erkak va ayollar o'rtasidagi hamroh bo'lish sifatida qaraladi, sheriklik sifatida emas. Nikohning maqsadlari ikkita:

Marriage is regarded as a companionship between men and women, as opposed to a partnership. The objectives of marriage are two :

Qarama-qarshi jinsdagi kishi bilan birga bo'lishdan zavqlanish.

To enjoy the company of a member of the opposite sex.

Farzandli bo'lish, shu yo'l bilan insoniyat nasli davomiyligini ta'minlash.

To have children thereby guaranteeing the continuity of the human race.

Nikoh shartnomasi nikoh deb ataladi va u erkak bilan ayol o‘rtasidagi shartnoma bo‘lib, to‘g‘ri va haqiqiy bo‘lishi uchun uning barcha shartlari bajarilishi kerak. Bularga quyidagilar kiradi:

The contract of marriage is called nikah, and it is a contract between a man and a woman of which all the conditions must be fulfilled for it to be correct and valid. These include:

Ijob va qabul.

Offer and acceptance.

Majburlash yoki zo'rlash yo'q.

No compulsion or duress.

Ikki guvoh.

Two witnesses.

Valiy amr (kelin-kuyovning vasiy-homiysi).

Waliy amr (guardian of the bride).

Mahr (to'lov, pul yoki boshqa narsa bo'lishi shart emas) erkakdan ayolga to'lanadi.

Payment of mahr (dowry, not necessarily money) from the man to the woman.

Erkak va ayol bir-birlariga mahram emas.

The man and woman are not mahram to each other.

Ayol iddada emas.

The woman is not in her ‘iddah (waiting period).

Erkak va ayol nikoh qilishga haqli (masalan, ayol turmushga chiqmagan).

The man and woman are eligible for marriage (e.g. woman is unmarried).

Musulmon ayol faqat musulmon erkakka turmushga chiqishi kerak, va unga boshqa har qanday e'tiqoddagi erkakka turmushga chiqishi harom. Imon keltirgan ayollarning turmushga chiqishi haqida Alloh (SWT) shunday deydi:

The Muslim woman must only marry a Muslim man, and it is forbidden for her to marry a man of any other belief. Regarding the marriage of believing women, Allah (swt) says,.

"Ular kofirlar uchun halol emas, kofirlar ham ular uchun halol emas" [TMQ 60:10].

“They are not lawful for the disbelievers, nor are the disbelievers lawful for them.” [TMQ 60:10].

Biroq, musulmon erkakka Kitob ahli (yahudiy yoki nasroniy) bo‘lgan nomusli va turmushga chiqmagan nomusli bo‘lgan nomusga uylanishiga ruxsat berilgan. Alloh (SWT) aytadi:

However, it is permitted for the Muslim man to marry a non-Muslim woman from the People of the Book (Jew or Christian), provided that they are chaste and unmarried. Allah (swt) says,.

Sizlar uchun nikohlashish halol qilingan narsalar: faqat iymonli, pok ayollargina emas, balki sizdan oldin kitob berilganlar orasidagi pok ayollar ham bor — agar ularga mahrlarini bersangiz va pokdaman deb iffatlilikni istasangiz, fahsh ishga yoki yashirin oshnalikka berilmasangiz. [TMQ 5:5].

“Lawful unto you in marriage are not only the chaste women who are believers, but chaste women among the people of the Book revealed before your time, when you give them their due dowers and desire chastity, not lewdness nor secret intrigues.” [TMQ 5:5].

Nikoh doirasida Shariat erkak va ayol zimmasiga turli xil vazifa va majburiyatlarni belgilab qo‘ygan. Ular bir-birini mukammal to‘ldiradi, shu sababli erkak va ayol o‘rtasidagi hayot uyg‘unlik va osoyishtalikka to‘la bo‘ladi.

Within the framework of marriage, the Shari‘ah has defined different roles and duties that men and women have. They complement each other perfectly, such that the life between man and woman is filled with harmony and tranquillity.

Nikohning shartlaridan biri shundaki, nikoh sherigi taqiqlangan toifalardan (mahramlardan) bo'lmasligi kerak.

One of the conditions of marriage is that the partner must not be from the forbidden categories (maharim).

Erkakning mahramlari quyidagilardir: uning onasi, otasining xotinlari, o'g'lining xotinlari, ikki buvisi, qizlari, nevaralari, opa-singillari, otasining va onasining opa-singillari, ularning ham opa-singillari, jiyanlari, xotinining onasi, emizish orqali onalari va ularning onalari hamda qizlari, hamda emizish orqali opa-singillari.

The maharim of the man include : his mother, the wives of his father, his sons wives, the two grandmothers, his daughters, his grand-daughters, his sisters, his paternal and maternal aunts, his great aunts, his nieces, his wife’s mother, his mothers by breast feeding and their mothers and daughters and his sisters by breast feeding.

Ayollarning mahramlari, yuqorida berilgan erkakning mahramlari haqidagi tushunchaga qarama-qarshi tushuncha asosida aniq bo‘ladi.

The maharim of the women become clear given the opposite understanding of the maharim of the man given above.

Barcha bunday hollarda, ular o'rtasida nikoh bo'lishi harom bo'lsa-da, ularning xususiy va umumiy joylarda erkin aralashishlariga ruxsat berilgan. Alloh (SWT) aytadi:

In all these cases, while it is forbidden for marriage to occur between them, it is permitted for them to mix freely in the private and public areas. Allah (swt) says,.

“Sizlarga haram qilindi: onalaringiz, qizlaringiz, opa-singillaringiz, otangizning opa-singillari, onangizning opa-singillari, aka-ukangizning qizlari, opa-singillaringizning qizlari, sizni emizgan onalaringiz, sut opa-singillaringiz, xotinlaringizning onalari, sizning qo‘lingizda tarbiyalanayotgan, xotiningizdan bo‘lgan, siz bilan yaqinlik qilgan xotiningizning qizlari — agar xotiningiz bilan yaqinlik qilmagan bo‘lsangiz, ularga uylanishingizda gunoh yo‘q — va o‘z belingizdan chiqqan o‘g‘illaringizning xotinlari. Va ikki opa-singilni birga nikohingizga olishingiz sizga haram qilindi, avvalroq bo‘lib o‘tgan narsalardan tashqari. Albatta, Alloh Mag‘firat qiluvchi, Rahmli zotdir.” [TMQ 4:23].

“Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father’s sisters, and your mother’s sisters, and your brother’s daughters and your sister’s daughters, and your foster mothers, and your foster sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom you have gone in - but if you have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your own sons who spring from your own loins. And it is forbidden unto you that you should marry two sisters together, except what has already happened of that nature in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” [TMQ 4:23].

Erining singlisi bilan, uning singli turmushda bo'lgan paytda, nikohlanishi mumkin emas. Shunga qaramay, u o'z kelinini boshqa mahramlari bilan bo'lgani kabi erkin muomala qila olmaydi. Xuddi shunday, ayol ham erining akasi yoki ukasi bilan erkin muomala qila olmaydi. ‘Uqba ibn Omir rivoyat qiladi: Payg'ambar ﷺ aytdilar: "Ayollar yolg'iz bo'lganda ularning yoniga bormanglar." Ansordan bir kishi so'radi: "Eriniнг katta va kichik akalari-chi?" Payg'ambar ﷺ javob berdilar: "Ular bilan yaqinlik o'lim kabi qochiladigan narsadir."

The sister in law of a man cannot be married by him while he is still married to her sister. However despite this, he cannot mix freely with his sister in law as he can with the other maharim. Similarly, the woman cannot mix freely with her brother-in-law. ‘Aqabah ibn Amir narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “Do not go near women when they are alone.” A man from the Ansar said, “What about the husband’s elder and younger brothers?” The Prophet (saw) said, “Intimacy with them is to be avoided as death.”.

Alloh (SWT) aytadi:

Allah (swt) says,.

"Erkaklar ayollarning himoyachisi va ularni boqib turuvchilaridir, chunki Alloh ularning ba'zilarini boshqalaridan ortiq qilgan va ular o'z mollaridan sarflaydilar. Shunga ko'ra solih ayollar itoatkor bo'ladilar va (erlari yo'qligida) Alloh saqlashni buyurgan narsalarni saqlaydilar" [TMQ 4:34].

“Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more strength than the other and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient and guard (in the husband’s absence) what Allah would have them guard.” [TMQ 4:34].

Ibn ‘Umar rivoyat qildi: Payg‘ambar ﷺ dedilar: “Har biringiz posbon (mas’ul)siz va o‘z qaramog‘idagilar uchun javobgarsiz. Hukmdor xalqi ustidan posbondir va erkak o‘z oilasi a’zolari ustidan posbondir, ayol esa eri uyi va uning farzandlari ustidan posbon va javobgardir. Shunday ekan, har biringiz posbonsiz va o‘z qaramog‘idagilar uchun javobgarsiz.” Imom Bukhoriy va Imom Muslim rivoyat qilganlar.

Ibn ‘Umar narrated, the Prophet (saw) said, “Each of you is a guardian and is responsible for his ward. The ruler is a guardian (over his people) and the man is a guardian of the members of his household, and the woman is guardian and is responsible for her husband’s house and his offspring, and so each of you is a guardian and is responsible for his ward.” Bukhari and Muslim.

‘Oisha (r.a.) rivoyat qildilar: Payg‘ambar ﷺ shunday dedilar: “Agar xotin uy taomidan buzmasdan sarflasa, uning sadaqa qilgan narsasi uchun ajri bor, eriga ham topgan narsasi uchun ajr bor, xazinachiga ham shunga o‘xshash ajr bor. Ulardan hech biri boshqasining ajridan biror narsani kamaytirmaydi.” Buxoriy.

‘A’isha (ra) narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “When a wife spends food of her house without spoiling, there is for her its reward for what she gives away, and there is also reward for her husband for what he earns, and the like (reward) for the storekeeper - none of them diminishing anything from the reward of another.” Bukhari.

Bu dalillar, boshqalari qatori, er-xotinning nikoh hayoti doirasida bir-birlariga nisbatan huquq va majburiyatlarini tushunishning asosini belgilaydi. Ular quyida bayon etilgan.

These evidences, among others, define the basis from which come the understanding of the rights and duties of the husband and wife to each other within the framework of married life. These are outlined below.

Itoat va ruxsat olish: Xotin erining Islom ruxsat bergan barcha sohalarda unga itoat qilishi shart, masalan, unga yordam berish yoki unga tasalli bo'lish. Shuningdek, xotin uyidan chiqmoqchi bo'lganda yoki uyiga odamlarni taklif qilmoqchi bo'lganda eridan ruxsat olishi kerak.

Obedience and taking permission : The wife must obey her husband in all areas which are permitted from Islam, like to assist him or give him comfort. Also, the wife must take permission from her husband when she wants to leave the house, or when she wants to invite people into the house.

Ajrashish: Erkakning xotinidan ajrashish huquqi bor, agar u nikohdan norozi bo‘lsa. Agar er vafot etsa yoki xotinini talоq qilsa, u qayta turmush qurishdan oldin iddat (kutish muddati)ga rioya qilishi shart. Erning vafotida bu to‘rt oy o‘n kun, talоq holatida esa u hayz ko‘rishlari orasidagi uch davr tugagach (agar homilador bo‘lmasa) bo‘ladi.

Divorce : It is the right of the husband to divorce his wife if he is unhappy with the marriage. If the husband dies, or divorces his wife, she must observe the ‘iddah (waiting period) before she can marry again. In the case of his death, this is four months and ten days, and in divorce, it is when three intervals between her menstruations have finished (as long as she is not pregnant).

Pulini va farzandlarni nazorat qilish: Xotin farzandlarning to‘g‘ri parvarish qilinishi va islom bilimlari bilan tarbiyalanishini ta’minlashi, shuningdek erining pulini adolat bilan sarflanishini kuzatishi lozim.

Looking after his money and children : The wife must ensure that the children are properly cared for and educated with knowledge of Islam and that the husband’s money is spent in a just way.

Bolalarni tarbiyalash huquqi: Agar nikoh bekor bo'lsa, erning huquqi shundan iboratki, bolalar yetti yoshga to'lganidan keyin ularni o'z tarbiyasiga oladi.

Custody of the Children : It is the right of the husband that if his marriage ends, he takes custody of the children after they have reached seven years of age.

Xotinning asosiy majburiyatlari:

The main responsibilities of the wife are :

Erining itaatkorligi va undan ruxsat olish.

Obedience and taking permission of her husband.

Erining boyligini saqlash: Bunga uning puli, mulki va boshqa mol-mulki kiradi.

Looking after her husbands wealth : This includes his money, property etc.

Eriga g'amxo'rlik: U erining ehtiyojlari qondirilishini ta'minlashi kerak.

Welfare of her husband : She must ensure that her husband’s needs are taken care of.

Bolalarga qarash.

Looking after the children.

Erning xotindan asosiy huquqlari:

The main rights of the wife from her husband are :

Hamroqlik: Xotinning huquqlaridan biri shundan iboratki, eri unga hamroqlik qiladi va unga nisbatan mehr-muhabbat hamda shafqatga to‘la muhit yaratib beradi.

Companionship : It is the right of the wife that her husband gives her companionship and maintains an environment of love and affection for her.

Sarf-xarajat va turar joy: Er xotinining moddiy ehtiyojlarini qondirishi, unga turar joy ta'minlashi va xotin sifatidagi vazifasini bajarishi uchun zarur bo'lgan hamma narsani berishi kerak. Bunga o'zini bezash va go'zal ko'rsatish uchun ishlatishi mumkin bo'lgan narsalarni ta'minlash ham kiradi.

Spending and shelter : The husband must look after her material needs, provide shelter for her, and give her anything she needs to fulfil her role as a wife. This includes providing things for her which she can use to adorn herself and make herself beautiful.

Xulʼa (Ajrashish huquqi): Xotin erining nikohdan qoniqmasa, undan ajralishni so‘rashi mumkin. Buning uchta sababi bor: a) Er unga to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri zarar yetkazsa, masalan, uni ursa; b) Er unga bilvosita zarar yetkazsa, masalan, uning yoki bolalarining nafaqasini bermasa; c) Xotin erini yomon ko‘rsa.

Khul‘a (Right of divorce) : The wife can ask for separation from her husband if she is unhappy with the marriage. There are three reasons for which she can do this : a) He harms her directly, e.g. beating her, b) He harms her indirectly, e.g. not providing for her or her children, c) She hates him.

Bolalarni tarbiyalash huquqi: Nikoh bekor bo'lgan taqdirda, bolalar yetti yoshga to'lguncha ularni tarbiyalash — xotinning huquqidir.

Custody of the children : It is the right of the wife if the marriage ends to have custody of the children as long as they are below the age of seven.

Ushbu tavsiflardan ko'rinadiki, erkaklar va ayollarning bu huquq hamda burchlari tafsilotlari bir-birini mukammal to'ldiradi. Islomda huquq uchun kurash yoki har bir kishi bajaradigan vazifalar o'rtasidagi nizo masalasi yo'q. Bularning barchasi Alloh (SWT) tomonidan belgilangan, shu sababli ularga bo'ysunish erkaklar va ayollarni jins vakillari tomonidan zulm va hukmronlikdan xalos etadi.

From these descriptions, it can be seen that the details of these rights and duties for both men and women complement each other perfectly. In Islam, there is no issue of struggle for rights, or disputes between the roles that each fulfils. These are all defined by Allah (swt), so obedience to them means that men and women are freed from oppression and dominance by members of the opposite sex.

Haqiqatan ham, Islom er va xotinning bir-biri bilan go'zal va hamkorlikka asoslangan munosabatlarni saqlash uchun barcha kuch-g'ayratlarini sarflashini talab qiladi.

Indeed, Islam obliges that husband and wife make the utmost efforts to keep a beautiful and co-operative relationship with each other.

Abu Hurayrah (ra) rivoyat qilishicha, Payg'ambar ﷺ shunday degan: “Imon jihatidan mo'minlarning eng kamolga yetganı — ahloqi eng go'zal bo'lganidir va sizlarning eng yaxshilaringiz — xotinlariga eng yaxshi munosabatda bo'lganlaringizdir.” (Termiziy)

Abu Hurayrah (ra) reported that the Prophet (saw) said, “The most perfect of the believers in faith is he who is best of them in conduct, and the best of you are those who are best to their wives.” Tirmidhi.

Abdulloh ibn Amr rivoyat qiladi: Nabiy ﷺ shunday dedilar: "Butun dunyo bu bir matodir va dunyoning eng yaxshi foydali narsasi solih ayoldir." Muslim

‘Abdullah ibn Amr reported that the Prophet (saw) said, “The whole world is a provision, and the best object of benefit of the world is the pious woman.” Muslim