Islom huquq sudida har bir sud jarayoni uchun faqat bitta qozi mas'ul bo'ladi. U Qur'on va Sunnatga asoslangan hukmlarni chiqarish vakolatiga ega. Boshqa qozilar esa faqat raislik qiluvchi qozi so'rasa, maslahat berishi yoki yordam berishi mumkin.

In an Islamic law court only one judge is responsible for any trial. He has the authority to pronounce judgements based on the Qur’an and Sunnah. Other judges may only advise or assist, if requested to do so by the presiding judge.

Islomiy jazolar faqat dalil aniq isbotlangan va barcha tegishli shartlar bajarilgan taqdirdagina qo'llanilishi mumkin (masalan, zinoni isbotlash uchun to'rt guvoh). Dalilda har qanday shubha bo'lsa, butun ish rad etiladi.

Islamic punishments can only be administered when the evidence is proven to be definite and all relevant conditions are met (for example four witnesses to prove adultery). If there is any doubt over the evidence the whole case is thrown out.

Islomda qozining uch turi bor:

There are three types of judge in Islam :

Qozi ʿOmm — odamlar orasidagi nizolarni hal qilish uchun mas'ul, masalan, yer, avtomobil halokatlari, baxtsiz hodisalar va boshqa kundalik masalalar bo'yicha.

1) Qadi ‘Aam - responsible for settling disputes among the people, e.g. everyday issues over land, car crashes, accidents etc.

2) Qozi Muhtasib — ummat o‘rtasida yuzaga keladigan nizolarni hal qilish hamda jamiyatga zarar yetkazadigan kishilar, masalan, ko‘chada baqirib-chaqirish, bozorda aldash kabi holatlarni bartaraf etish uchun mas’ul shaxs.

2) Qadi Muhtasib - Responsible for resolving disputes that arise between the Ummah and any people who harm the society at large, e.g. shouting in the streets, cheating in the market etc.

3) Qozi al-Mazolim — davlat amaldorlari bilan xalq o‘rtasidagi nizolarni ko‘radigan shaxs. U istalgan hokimni yoki davlat amaldorini, jumladan xalifani ham lavozimidan chetlatishi mumkin.

3) Qadi Madhaalim - who deals with disputes between the people and the State officials. He can dismiss any ruler or government official, including the Khaleefah.

Ikkinchi xalifa ʼUmar ibn al-Xattob (634–644 yillar oralig‘ida musulmonlarning amiri) Makkada qamoqxonalar va turmalar tashkil qilgan birinchi shaxs bo‘ldi.

The second Khaleefah ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab (Amir of the Muslims between 634-644 CE) was the first to set up jails and prisons in Makkah.

Sud tizimiga ko‘ra, har bir shaxs — musulmon yoki g‘ayrimusulmon, erkak yoki ayol, da’vogar yoki ayblanuvchi — o‘ziga vakil yoki ishonchli shaxs tayinlash huquqiga ega.

Under the Judicial System, every person, Muslim or non-Muslim, male or female, defendant and accused has the right to appoint a representative or proxy.

Bugungi kunda musulmon mamlakatlarida, masalan Pokistonda, ko'rilganidek, fuqarolik va jinoiy sudlar o'rtasida farq yo'q, u yerda Islomning bir qismi ham, kufrning bir qismi ham qo'llaniladi. Islomiy davlat faqat Islom huquqi manbalarini, ya'ni Qur'on va Sunnatni (hamda ulardan kelib chiqadigan narsalarni) o'z asosi sifatida qo'llaydi.

There is no distinction between civil and criminal courts as we see today in Muslim countries, e.g. Pakistan where both parts of Islam and parts of kufr are applied. The Islamic State will only use the sources of Islamic law, i.e. the Qur’an and the Sunnah (and whatever derives from them), as its reference.

Islom jazolari hech qanday kechiktirmasdan va ikkilanmasdan ijro etiladi. Sud hukmidan boshqa holda hech kim jazolanmaydi. Bundan tashqari, har qanday qiynoq vositasi joiz emas.

Islamic punishments will be executed without delay or hesitation. No-one is to be punished except by a rule of court. In addition, any means of torture is not permissible.

Islom tizimida jinoyat natijasida zarar ko'rgan shaxs ayblanuvchini kechirish yoki jinoyat uchun qisos talab qilish huquqiga ega — hudud qonunlari bundan mustasno, chunki ular Alloh (SWT) huquqidir.

Under the Islamic system a person aggrieved of a crime has the right to forgive the accused or demand compensation (i.e. qisas) for a crime - except for hadud laws, which are the right of Allah (swt).

Islom jazosi bo'lgan qo'l kesish faqat yetti shart bajarilganda qo'llaniladi. Bu shartlar quyidagilar:

The Islamic punishment of hand-cutting only applies if seven conditions are fulfilled. These are :

1) Ikki guvoh (ularning guvohliklarida hech qanday ziddiyat yoki xatolik bo'lmagan holda).

1) Two witnesses (with no contradiction or error in their testimonies).

2) O‘g‘irlangan mol-mulkning qiymati bir dinorning to‘rtdan bir qismidan (4,25 gramm oltin) ortiq bo‘lishi kerak.

2) The value of the stolen goods must exceed 1/4 of a dinar in value (4.25g of gold).

3) Ovqat bo'lishi mumkin emas (agar o'g'ri och bo'lgan bo'lsa).

3) Cannot be food (if the thief was hungry).

4) O‘g‘rining oila a’zolaridan bo‘lishi mumkin emas.

4) Cannot be from the thief’s family.

5) Mollar tabiatan halol bo‘lishi kerak (masalan, spirtli ichimliklar emas).

5) Goods must be halal in nature (e.g. not alcohol).

6) Xavfsiz joydan o‘g‘irlangan bo‘lishi shart.

6) Must be stolen from a secure place.

7) Mollar ustida hech qanday shubha bo'lmasligi kerak (ya'ni o'g'rining unga hech qanday haqqi yo'qligi aniq bo'lishi kerak, masalan, davlat xazinasidagi pul).

7) Must be no doubt on the goods (i.e. the thief definitely has no right over it, e.g. money from the public treasury).

Butun 1300 yillik islomiy hukmronlik davomida qo'l kesilgan o'g'rilar soni atigi 200 atrofida bo'lgan.

Throughout the entire 1300 years of Islamic rule only around 200 people had their hand cut off for theft.

Har bir inson, agar yetakchi unga nisbatan biron-bir zulm qilgan bo'lsa, uni sudga berish, u bilan gaplashish yoki uni tanqid qilish huquqiga ega. Buning dalili sifatida, Umar ibn al-Xattob davrida bir ayol mahr qiymati haqidagi xatosini unga to'g'rilab bergani keltiriladi.

Any person has the right to take the leader to court, speak to him or criticise him if he has done any transgressions towards him or her. This was the case when a woman in the time of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab corrected him over a mistake he made about the value of the dowry.

Fuqaroning sharafi ummat zimmasidagi muqaddas amonatdir. Boshqa bir musulmonni to'g'ri ishlamaganlikda ayblab, bu da'voni isbotlash uchun to'rtta guvoh keltirmagan kishining jazosi sakkiz o'n darra qamchidir.

The honour of a citizen is a sacred trust upon the Ummah. The punishment for accusing another Muslim of being unchaste without producing four witnesses to substantiate the claim is 80 lashes.

Islom sud tizimida jazoning to‘rt toifasi mavjud:

There are four categories of punishment in the Islamic Judicial System:

Hadud — Allohning haqi (SWT), masalan, zino (100 darra), murtadlik (o‘lim).

Hadud - The right of Allah (swt), e.g. fornication (100 lashes), apostasy (death).

Al-Jynayaat — shaxsning huquqi. U jinoyatchini kechirishi mumkin, masalan, qotillik, tana jarohati holatlarida.

Al-Jynayaat - The right of the individual. He/she may forgive the criminal, e.g. murder, bodily harm.

Al-Ta‘zir — jamoaning huquqi — jamiyat a'zolarining kundalik hayotiga ta'sir qiluvchi masalalar, masalan, chiqindi tashlash, bozorda aldash.

Al-Ta‘azir - The right of the community - those issues that affect the every day life of the general public, e.g. littering, cheating in the market.

Al-Mukhalafat — Davlatning huquqi — Davlat ishlarini yuritishga ta’sir qiluvchi masalalar, masalan, tezlik chegarasini buzish.

Al-Mukhalafat - The right of the State - issues affecting the running of the State, e.g. breaking the speed limit.