Bu ekin-ekilgan mahsulotlarining hosildorligi va xilma-xilligini oshirishga asoslangan bo‘lib, odatda ikki usulga tayanadi: a) yerning unumdorligini oshirish vositalarini topish va b) ekin maydonlarini kengaytirish orqali ekspansiya qilish.
This is based on increasing the yield and variety of farm produce, and usually follows two methods : a) finding means of increasing productivity of the land, and b) increasing the farming lands as a method of expansion.
Bular zamonaviy va murakkab texnika, kimyoviy moddalar va yuqori sifatli urug' yordamida amalga oshiriladi. Davlat o'z mablag'larini ishlab chiqarish vositalarini sotib ololmaydigan dehqonlarga qarz emas, balki grant shaklida berishi kerak, shuningdek, bunga qodir bo'lganlarni bunday materiallarni sotib olishga rag'batlantirishi lozim.
These take place by using modern and sophisticated machinery, chemicals and by providing high quality seed. The State should provide grants (as opposed to loans) to the farmers who are unable to buy what they need in terms of machines, seed and chemicals, and it should also encourage those who are able, to buy such materials.
Kengayish barren yerlarni obod qilish va ularni ekinga yaroqli holatga keltirish orqali amalga oshiriladi. Davlat foydalanilmayotgan yoki noto'g'ri foydalanilayotgan feodal yerlarni, shuningdek o'zi nazoratida bo'lgan yerlarni, ishlashga qodir, ammo yeri yo'q yoki kam yeri bo'lgan dehqonlarga berishi kerak. Uch yil ketma-ket o'z yerini e'tiborsiz qoldirgan har bir kishi uni davlatga topshirishga majbur bo'ladi, davlat esa uni undan foydalanadigan kishilarga beradi.
Imom Abu Yusuf rivoyat qilgan: "Muhammad ibn Ishoq menga rivoyat qildi: Umar ibn al-Xattob minbarda turib xalqqa murojaat qilib dedi: "Kim o'lik yerni olsa, u uning bo'ladi, kim devor qursa, uch yildan keyin unga haqqi yo'q. Chunki odamlar ekmaydigan yerlarini o'rab qo'yardilar"." (Kitob al-Xaroj).
The expansion takes place by encouraging the revival of barren land and cultivating it. The State should grant feudal lands which are improperly used or left unused, to farmers who are able to work but have no land or little land, and from lands that are under its control. Anyone neglecting his land for three consecutive years would be forced to give it up to the State, which would allocate it to people who would make use of it. Imam Abu Yusuf narrated that : “Muhammad ibn Ishaque related to me that ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab said addressing the people on the pulpit : ‘Whoever receives a dead land, (it) would belong to him and whoever constructs a boundary wall, has no right over it after three years. This was because the people used to enclose land which they did not cultivate.’” (Kitab al-Kharaj).
Ushbu ikki usulga amal qilish orqali qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlari hajmining oshishiga erishilar edi va qishloq xo‘jaligi siyosatining maqsadi amalga oshirilgan bo‘lar edi.
By following these two methods, an increase in farm produce would be achieved, and the aim of the agricultural policy would be realised.
Biroq, bunday siyosatni amalga oshirishda e'tibor berilishi kerak bo'lgan masalalar mavjud. Mahsuldorlik ta'minlangandan so'ng, mahsulot sifatini yaxshilash masalasini ham ko'rib chiqish zarur. Mahsuldorlikni oshirish siyosati mashinalarni zamonaviylashtirish orqali amalga oshirilishi kerak; bu esa ulkan qishloq xo'jaligi dasturiga mos keladigan sanoat inqilobini boshlashni talab qiladi, bunda sanoat taraqqiyotning asosiy vositasi bo'lib xizmat qiladi.
There are, however, issues to be considered while implementing such a policy. Once increased productivity is ensured, improving the quality of the produce has also to be considered. The policy of improving productivity has to be achieved by modernising the machinery; this necessitates the launching of an industrial revolution to match the ambitious agricultural programme, with industry providing the main means of progress.
Shunga ko'ra, qishloq xo'jaligi siyosati mahsuldorlikni oshirish yo'lidagi harakatlarida uchta asosiy maqsadga ega bo'lishi kerak:
Therefore, the agricultural policy should have three main aims in its bid to improve productivity:
Oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini yaxshilash, xalqning ehtiyojlarini qondirish va qurg'oqchilik, hosilning nobud bo'lishi yoki iqtisodiy embargo holatida ochlik xavfini bartaraf etish maqsadida sa'y-harakatlar qilinishi lozim. Qishloq xo'jaligi va chorvachilik mahsulotlarining sifatini yaxshilash hamda unumdorligini oshirishga intilish kerak.
Improving food products, with the aim of satisfying the needs of the people, and to remove the spectre of famine in case of drought, failing crops or economic embargo. Efforts should be made to improve and increase productivity of food products in both agricultural and animal produce.
Kiyim-kechak uchun asosiy materiallar, jumladan paxta, jun va ipak ishlab chiqarishni oshirish zarur, chunki bular hayotiy zaruriyat bo'lib, ularni import qilishga muhtoj bo'lmasdan, iqtisodiy embargo yuzaga kelganda ham tanqislik paydo qilmasdan ta'minlanishi kerak.
Increasing productivity in clothing materials such as cotton, wool and silk, for these are basic necessities that should be made available without having to resort to imports and without creating a shortage in case of economic embargo.
Xorijda bozori bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan mahsulotlar ishlab chiqarishni takomillashtirish, ular to'qimachilik mahsulotlari bo'ladimi yoki sitrus mevalari, xurmo va boshqa oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari bo'ladimi.
Improving the production of goods which would have a market abroad, whether they were textiles or food products, like citrus fruits, dates etc.
Suv omborlari, kanallar, quduqlar va boshqa shunga o'xshash rivojlanish loyihalari, agar ular zarur bo'lsa, ustuvor berilishi kerak, chunki maqsad nafaqat qishloq xo'jaligi inqilobini boshlash, balki sanoat inqilobini ham amalga oshirish, qishloq xo'jaligini e'tibordan chetda qoldirmasdan, lekin doimo ishlab chiqarishni oshirishga intilishdir. Maqsad yana moddiy taraqqiyotga erishishdir, bu esa sanoat inqilobisiz amalga oshirilmaydi.
Development projects like the building of dams, canals, wells and others are to be given priority if they were indispensable, for the aim is not only to launch an agricultural revolution, but an industrial one, without neglecting the agricultural but always working towards increasing production; the aim also is to achieve material progress, and this cannot be realised without an industrial revolution.
Musulmon dunyosi rivojlanmagan bo'lib, iqtisodiyoti faqat qishloq xo'jaligi va boshqa tabiiy boyliklarga asoslangan, sanoat deyarli yo'q. Shuning uchun sanoat inqilobini harakatga keltirish uchun katta kuch-g'ayrat talab etiladi. Mustamlakachi davlatlarning rejalaridan voz kechish kerak, chunki ular Islom dunyosini faqat qishloq xo'jaligiga tayangan holda saqlashni, bunday siyosatni rag'batlantirish va uning sanoat taraqqiyotiga to'siq qo'yishni maqsad qilgan, shunda u G'arbga qaram bo'lib qoladi, chunki asosiy mashinalarni G'arb yetkazib beradi va ularga xizmat ko'rsatish manbai ham faqat o'shadir.
The Muslim world is underdeveloped with an economy based solely upon agriculture and other natural resources, and there are scarcely any industries. Therefore, an immense effort is needed to put the industrial revolution into motion. The schemes of the colonial powers should be abandoned, for they aim at keeping the Islamic world relying solely on agriculture by encouraging such a policy and impeding its industrial progress to keep it dependent on the West, who provide most of the machinery and are the only source of maintenance.
Shuni aytib o'tish joizki, Islomdagi asosiy iqtisodiy tamoyil shundan iboratki: «Ummatga foyda keltiradigan har qanday narsa, agar mablag' mavjud bo'lsa, ta'minlanishi kerak, ammo u zaruriy bo'lmasa». Bu degani, agar davlatda mablag' mavjud bo'lsa, loyiha moliyalashtirilishi kerak; ammo agar davlatda mablag' bo'lmasa, loyihani moliyalashtirish uchun xalqqa soliq solmasligi kerak va hatto o'z fuqarolaridan bo'lsa ham, unga pul qarz olmasligi kerak.
It is worth mentioning here a basic economic principle in Islam that says, “Anything that reaps benefit to the Ummah should be provided for if funds were available, provided that it is not indispensable.” This means that if the State had funds available, then the project should be funded, but if the State did not have funds, it should not impose taxes upon the people in order to finance the project, nor borrow money for it, even from its own citizens.