10.3.6 Qozi lavozimi uchun talab qilinadigan shartlar
10.3.6 The Conditions Required for the Position of Judge
Qozilik lavozimini egallayotgan har bir kishi quyidagilarga ega bo‘lishi kerak:
Anyone taking up the post of judge must be :
Muslim.
1) Muslim.
Bepul.
2) Free.
Balog'at yoshi.
3) Mature.
Sane.
4) Sane.
5) Faqat (‘adl).
5) Just (‘adl).
6) Faqih (bilimli olim), qoidalarni vaziyatlarga tatbiq eta oladigan kishi.
6) Faqih (learned scholar), able to apply the rules to the situations.
7) Ular uchta asosiy sezgi a'zosi — ko'rish, eshitish va nutq qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishlari kerak.
7) They must have the faculty of the three main senses - sight, hearing and speech.
Madolim sudlovini oladigan shaxs uchun, zikr etilgan shartlardan tashqari, u erkak bo'lishi va xuddi bosh qozi (Qozil-quzzot) kabi mujtahid (faqih) bo'lishi ham lozim, chunki uning vazifasi aslida sud va hukmronlik vazifasidir: u hokimni hukm qiladi va uning ustidan Shariat hukmini ijro etadi. Shuning uchun u qozilik vazifasi uchun qo'yilgan boshqa shartlardan tashqari erkak bo'lishi shart.
For the person who takes up the judiciary of madhaalim, in addition to the conditions mentioned, he must also be male and a mujtahid (legist), just like the supreme judge (Qadi al-Qada‘a), for his post is in fact one of judiciary and of ruling, where he judges the ruler and executes the Shari‘ah upon him. Therefore he must be male in addition to the other conditions for the post of judge .
U u faqih bo‘lishi bilan birga mujtahid ham bo‘lishi kerak, chunki madholim ishlarining bir qismi hokimning Alloh nozil qilgan narsa bilan hukm qilmaganligini, ya’ni shar’iy dalilga ega bo‘lmagan qonun bilan hukm qilganligini yoki qo‘llagan dalili voqeaga taalluqli bo‘lmagan holatlarni tekshirishdan iborat bo‘lib, bunday mazolimni faqat mujtahid hal qila oladi. Shuning uchun agar u mujtahid bo‘lmasa, o‘zi kam bilgan yoki umuman bilmagan narsada hukm qilgan bo‘ladi, bu esa harom. Demak, hokim va qozining shartlariga qo‘shimcha ravishda u mujtahid bo‘lishi ham lozim.
As well as being faqih he should also be a mujtahid, for part of the madhaalim that he could be required to look into is whether the ruler has ruled by other than what Allah has revealed, i.e. ruled by a law that has no Shari‘ah evidence to back it, or in case the evidence he used does not relate to the event, and only the mujtahid can deal with such madhlama. Therefore if he were not a mujtahid, he would be judging on something he knows little about or has no knowledge of at all, and that is forbidden. Therefore, in addition to the conditions of the ruler and those of the judge, he also should be a mujtahid.