Iqtisodiy xavfsizlikka intilish inson tabiatining asosiy jihatidir. Jamiyatda resurslar va tovarlarning taqsimoti hukmron hokimiyat tomonidan tartibga solinadi, u ishlarni buning uchun hukmdorlar tanlagan muayyan mafkuraga muvofiq boshqaradi - bizning holatimizda, kapitalizmga. Shunga ko'ra, xalq ustidan hukmronlik qilayotgan tizimlar tomonidan cheklanadi va nazorat qilinadi hamda o'z iqtisodiy ehtiyojlarini shu tizimlar doirasida qondirishi kerak.

The desire for economic security is a fundamental aspect of human nature. In society, the distribution of resources and commodities is regulated by the governing authority, which runs affairs according to the particular ideology that the rulers have chosen for the purpose - in our case, Capitalism. Accordingly, the people are restricted and controlled by the systems which prevail over them, and must fulfil their economic needs within the framework of these systems.

Bizning turar-joy masalamiz biz ega bo‘lgan iqtisodiy tizimning muhim jihatidir. Har birimizga yomg‘ir va sovuqdan panohlanish hamda kundalik faoliyatimiz uchun tayanch bo‘ladigan uy kerak. Ammo G‘arbda yashayotgan o‘z holatingizni bir lahzaga o‘ylab ko‘rsangiz, turar-joy ko‘plab muammolarni keltirib chiqarishini ko‘rasiz....

The issue of our housing is an important aspect of the economic system that we are subject to. We all need a house to shelter from the elements, and as a base for our everyday activities. But, if you think for a moment about your own situation living in the West, housing throws up many problems....

Modest accommodation today costs a staggering amount. If you take a house suitable for an average family (like your own), the cost of buying it would range from about £50,000 to £100,000 or more, depending on its location. This figure, of course, goes far beyond the actual cost of the materials and labour required to build it. In fact, it is usually artificially inflated to create a source of business for banks and building societies from people who have to deal with them in order to buy a house.

The price of even modest accommodation is staggering. If you take a house suitable for an average family (like your own), the cost of buying it would range from about £50,000 to £100,000 or more, depending on its location. This figure of course, goes far beyond the actual cost of the materials and labour required to build it. In fact, it is usually artificially inflated to create a source of business for banks and building societies from people who have to deal with them in order to buy a house.

Oʻzingizni koʻz oldingizga keltiring. Oilangizni boqishingiz kerak — oziq-ovqat, kiyim-kechak, kommunal toʻlovlar, taʼlim va boshqalar. Bularning barchasi taʼminlangandan keyin, daromadingiz uy sotib olishga yetadimi? Deyarli albatta yoʻq! Unday boʻlsa, sizning oldingizda qanday imkoniyatlar bor?

Consider yourself. You have to provide for your family - food, clothing, bills, education etc....After all these are taken care of, does your income put you in a position to afford to buy a house? Almost certainly not! So what are the options available to you?

Bu sizga uy-joy beradi, lekin oilangiz bilan ijara uyida yashashdan qanoatlanasizmi? Ko'pchilik qanoatlanmaydi. Axir bu kelajagingiz uchun hech qanday xavfsizlik bermaydi - ijarachi xohishiga ko'ra bir joydan boshqa joyga ko'chishingizga to'g'ri kelishi mumkin. Bu sizning ishingizga, farzandlaringizning ta'limiga va hokazolarga ta'sir qiladi. Ijarachi xohlagancha ijara haqini oshirishi mumkin.

This will give you housing, but would you feel satisfied with living with your family in rented accommodation? Most people would not. After all this gives no security for your future - you may have to move from place to place, depending on the whims of a landlord. This affects your job, your children’s education and so on. The landlord may choose to raise the rent as he pleases.

Shuningdek, daromadingizning katta qismi hech qachon sizga doimiy mulk bo'lmaydigan narsaga sarflanadi. Va siz joyga haqiqatda egalik qilmaganingiz uchun, uni o'zingizga yoqqanicha jihozlash va bezash, uyni uyga aylantirish uchun sarflashga rag'batingiz bo'lmaydi. Umuman olganda, ijara qoniqarsiz - ijaradagi uyni hech qachon haqiqiy o'z uyingiz deb his qila olmaysiz.

As well, a large proportion of your income would go towards something for which you have no permanent possession. And since you do not actually own the place, you will have no incentive to spend on it to furnish and decorate it as you like - to turn the house into a home. In all, renting is unsatisfactory - you can never really see a rented home as your own home.

Bu variant amalda yagona maqbul yechim ko'rinadi. Aslida, sizning ahvolingizdagi ko'pchilik odamlar aynan shu tizimdan foydalanadi. Nazariy jihatdan, siz yashayotgan uyning egasi bo'lasiz va daromadingiz imkon berganicha uning haqini asta-sekin to'laysiz. Bu esa ijaraning ko'plab muammolarini hal qilgandek tuyuladi.

This option seems to be the only feasible alternative. In fact this is the system that most people use in your predicament. In theory, you own the house you live in, paying for it slowly as your income allows, and it appears to solve many of the problems with renting.

Afsuski, ipotekaning haqiqati uning nazariyasiga mos kelmaydi. U ijaradan ham ko'proq muammolarga to'la.

Unfortunately, the reality of mortgage does not match its theory. It is riddled with even more problems than renting.

1. Ipoteka bilan uyning haqiqiy egasi bo‘lmaysiz. Har oy belgilangan to‘lovlarni o‘z vaqtida to‘lashingiz kerak, va hatto bitta to‘lovni o‘tkazib yuborsangiz ham, uyingiz tortib olinishi mumkin. Bu birinchi to‘lovmi yoki oxirgisimi, farqi yo‘q! 2. To‘lovlaringizning asosiy qismi uyning qiymatiga emas, balki olgan qarzingizning foizlariga ketadi. Aslida, to‘lovlaringizning katta qismini foizlar uchun to‘laysiz.

1. With a mortgage, you don’t really own your house. You have to give the regular monthly payments on time, and if you miss even one, you can be subject to repossession of your home. This is whether it is your initial payment, or your last! 2. Your payments do not mainly contribute to the value of your house. Rather you are paying a large proportion towards the interest on the loan you have taken.

3. To'lovlar ipoteka kompaniyasining xohishiga bog'liq — ular foiz stavkalarini xohlagancha oshirishi yoki kamaytirishi mumkin, sizning bilan hech qanday muhokamasiz.

3. The payments are subject to the whims of the mortgage company - they can increase or decrease the rates of interest at will, without any discussion with you.

4. Ko‘pchilik odamlar uy-joy ipotekasini to‘liq to‘lab tugatishga yashamaydi va shu tufayli uyning haqiqiy egasi bo‘lmaydi. Shu sababli ular farzandlariga meros qilib qoldiradigan hech narsaga ega bo‘lmaydi.

4. Most people never live to actually pay off their mortgage completely and thus really own their house. Thus, they never have anything to pass on to their children.

5. Uy narxlari shunchalik o‘zgaruvchandirki, uyning qiymati bir necha yil ichida sotib olingan narxining yarmigacha, hatto undan ham ko‘proq tushib ketishi mumkin! Shunday ekan, uyingizni sotganingizda ham qaytarib olib bo‘lmaydigan qarzni to‘lab yurgan bo‘lishingiz mumkin! Biroq bularning barchasidan ko‘ra muhimroq sabab – ipoteka haqida Islomning qarashidir:

5. House prices are subject to such fluctuation that the value of the house could drop within a matter of years to even as much as half of the value you bought it for! So you may be paying a debt which you could not recover even if you sold your house! However, more important than any of these reasons, is Islam’s opinion on mortgage:

Ipoteka krediti olish (foizga asoslangan) musulmonlar uchun aniq va shubhasiz haromdir. Asosiy sabablar quyidagilar: 1) Musulmon foiz evaziga qarz olishga majbur bo‘ladi. Alloh (SWT) va Uning Elchisi (ﷺ) pulga foiz olishni ham, berishni ham taqiqlaganlar. Alloh (SWT) Qur’oni Karimda shunday deydi:

Getting a mortgage (based on interest) is definitely and clearly haram (forbidden) to Muslims. The paramount reasons being that, 1) The Muslim has to borrow money on interest. Allah (swt) and His Messenger (saw) have forbidden the taking and giving of interest on money. Allah (swt) says in the Qur’an.

Foiz oluvchilar, shayton tegishi bilan aqldan ozganlar qanday turgan bo'lsa, shunday turadilar. Buning sababi shuki, ular: "Savdo ham xuddi foizga o'xshaydi", deydilar. Holbuki, Alloh savdoni halol qildi va foizni harom qildi. [TMQ 2:275]

“Those who benefit from interest shall be raised like those who have been driven to madness by the touch of the devil; this is because they say: ‘Trade is similar to interest’ while, Allah has permitted trade and forbidden interest.” [TMQ 2:275].

Alloh (SWT) ham shunday degan.

Allah (swt) also said.

"Ey iymon keltirganlar, agar mo'min bo'lsangiz, Allohdan qo'rqing va hali olinmagan foizni tark eting. Agar bunday qilmasangiz, Alloh va Uning Elchisi bilan urushda ekaningizni bilib qo'ying. Ammo tavba qilsangiz, asl mablag'ingiz sizniki bo'ladi. Na siz zulm qilasiz, na sizga zulm qilinadi." [TMQ 2:278-279]

“O believers, fear Allah and give up the interest that remains outstanding if you are believers. If you do not do so, then be sure of being at war with Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you can have your capital. Neither should you commit injustice nor should you be subjected to it.” [TMQ 2:278-279].

Jobir rivoyat qiladi: "Payg'ambar ﷺ foizni oluvchini va to'lovchini, uni yozuvchini va unga guvoh bo'luvchini la'natladilar va: "Ular barchasi bir xildir", dedilar." (Muslim, Termiziy va Ahmad rivoyati). Abu Hurayra rivoyat qiladi, Payg'ambar ﷺ shunday dedilar: "Riboning yetmish bo'lagi bor, eng yengili kishining o'z onasi bilan zino qilishi bilan teng."

Jabir narrated, “The Prophet (saw) cursed the receiver and the payer of interest, the one who records it and the one who witnesses it and he said, ‘They are all alike’ .” (from Muslim, Tirmidhi and Ahmad). Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “Riba has seventy segments, the least serious being equivalent to a man committing adultery with his own mother.”

2) Sotib olish shartnomasi Islomdagi asosiy shartlardan birini qondirmaydi. Islomda uy sotib olsangiz, uy sizniki bo‘ladi. Ipoteka shartnomasida esa, ipoteka to‘liq to‘lanmaguncha, uy aslida sizniki bo‘lmaydi, balki moliya muassasasi unga egalik qiladi. Ipoteka to‘lovlarini o‘z vaqtida to‘lay olmasangiz, sizni uydan chiqarib yuborishlari mumkin va hammasi yo‘qoladi! So‘nggi bir necha yil ichida bu tarzda minglab odamlar uylaridan ajralib qoldi, va shubhasiz yana minglablar ularning yo‘lini takrorlaydi.

2) The contract of purchase does not satisfy a fundamental condition in Islam. In Islam, if you buy a house, you own the house. In the mortgage agreement, you do not actually own the house but the financial institution owns it until you pay all of your mortgage. You can be kicked out if you fail to keep up with your mortgage payments and all is lost! Thousands of people lost their homes in this way over the past few years, and thousands more will no doubt follow.

Demak, uy-joy masalasi bizga ko‘plab ikkilanishlarga sabab bo‘lishini ko‘rishimiz mumkin. Biroq Islom davlatining iqtisodiy tizimi bu muammolarga yechimlarga ega.

We can see therefore, that this simple issue of housing causes us many dilemmas. However, the Economic System of the Islamic State has solutions to these problems.

Xilofatda har bir shaxsning boshpanaga ega bo‘lish huquqi bor. Payg‘ambar (saw) shunday degan: "Odam o‘g‘lining yashaydigan uyi, avrasini yopadigan bir parcha matosi, bir burda noni va suvi bo‘lishidan boshqa haqqi yo‘q." Shu sababli har bir kishining yashash uchun joyga ega bo‘lishini ta’minlash Davlatning mas’uliyatidir.

In the Khilafah, it is the right of every individual to have shelter. The Prophet (saw) said: “The son of Adam has no better right than that he would have a house wherein he may live and a piece of cloth whereby he may cover his nakedness and a piece of bread and some water.” It is therefore the responsibility of the State to ensure that everybody has accommodation to live in.

Shunday qilib, agar siz o'zingiz yoki oilangiz uchun turar joy yoki rizq-ro'zg'or ta'minlay olmasangiz, Islomiy Davlat sizga shu holatda qolguningizcha buni bepul ta'minlab beradi.

So, if you are unable to provide accommodation or sustenance for yourself or your family, the Islamic State will provide these for you free of charge, for as long as you remain in that position.

Shu sababli, Davlat arzon turar joy mavjud bo‘lishini ta’minlovchi qat’iy siyosat ishlab chiqadi, bunga Davlat tomonidan ham, foyda olish niyatida qurilish qilmoqchi bo‘lgan xususiy shaxslar tomonidan ham keng ko‘lamda uy-joy qurilishi orqali erishiladi. Davlat bu mas’uliyatni fuqarolarga qanday yordam berish kerakligini belgilashda har bir shaxsning alohida ahvoli, ehtiyojlari va imkoniyatlarini to‘liq hisobga oladigan dasturlarni amalga oshirish orqali bajaradi. Shunday qilib, agar siz uy sotib olmoqchi bo‘lsangiz, Islomiy iqtisodiy tizim buning uchun sizga turli mexanizmlarni taqdim etadi. Ular quyidagilardan iborat:

Because of this, the State would devise a deliberate policy to ensure that affordable accommodation is available through extensive home building both by the State and by private individuals who may want to build for profit. The State achieves this responsibility by the implementation of schemes that take full account of individual circumstances, needs and ability when deciding the type of help to give citizens. Thus, if you want to buy a house, the Islamic Economic System provides you with various mechanisms of helping you to do this. These include:

Davlatdan sovg‘a: Xalifa sizga shaxsiy foydalanish uchun yer berishi mumkin, bunga uy qurish ham kiradi. Bunday in’omlar orqali siz o‘zingiz va oilangiz uchun boshpana ta’minlashingiz osonlashadi. Shunday in’om Bilol (roziyallohu anhu)ga Islom davlatining hokimi sifatida Payg‘ambar ﷺ tomonidan berilgan. Payg‘ambar ﷺdan keyin kelgan xalifalar ham shunday in’omlarni davom ettirdilar. Davlat, shuningdek, kambag‘al va muhtojlarga uy-joy ehtiyojlari uchun to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri moliyaviy yordam berishi mumkin, va aslida davlat uchun bularni ta’minlash farzdir.