8.3.2 Ijtimoiy tizimning maqsadlari

8.3.2 Ijtimoiy tizimning maqsadlari - Islom tizimiga kirish | Quran Course

Insonning atrofidagilar bilan munosabatida turli rollarni o'ynashi mumkin. Islom insonning qaysi vazifada harakat qilayotganiga qarab unga turli huquq va majburiyatlarni belgilaydi. U egallashi mumkin bo'lgan ba'zi rollar quyidagilardir:

A man can take different roles with regard to his relationship with those around him. Islam defines different rights and duties for the man depending on which capacity he is acting in. Some of the roles he could have are as :

Bobo.

Grandfather.

Ona tomonidan / Ota tomonidan amakisi.

Maternal/ Paternal Uncle.

Ota.

Father.

Birodar.

Brother.

Son.

Turmush o'rtog'i.

Husband.

Ona tomonidan / Ota tomonidan jiyan

Maternal / Paternal Nephew.

Бегона эркак.

Unrelated man.

Erkakning imkoniyatiga qarab zimmasidagi turli huquq va vazifalarga oid ba'zi misollar:

Some examples of the different rights and duties incumbent upon the man depending on his capacity are :

Ota farzandlariga ularning balog'at yoshiga yetguniga va o'zlarini o'zlari ta'minlay oladigan bo'lguniga qadar ovqat, boshpana va kiyim-kechak bilan ta'minlashi shart. Shundan so'ng uning ularga ko'rsatgan yordami sadaqaga aylanadi.

The father must provide food, shelter and clothing for his children, until such a time that they are mature, and able to support themselves, after which his support becomes a charity.

Oyisha (ra) rivoyat qiladi: Hind bint Utba Allohning Elchisi ﷺ huzurlariga kelib dedi: "Ey Rasululloh, Abu Sufyon xasis odam, men undan olganimdan boshqa hech narsa olmayman." Payg'ambar ﷺ dedilar: "Sen va bolang uchun yetarli bo'lgan miqdorni adolat bilan ol." Kitob al-Umm, Imom Shofi'iy.

‘A’isha (ra) narrated that Hind bint Utbah came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and she said, “Oh Rasul Allah, Abu Sufyan is a miserly man and I have nothing from him except what I take for myself.” The Prophet (saw) said, “Take what is sufficient for you and your child with justice.” Kitab al Umm, Imam Shafi‘i.

O'g'il farzand ota-onasining mubah (ruxsat etilgan) bo'lgan va ota-onaning huquqi hisoblanadigan sohalarda, masalan, ularga xizmat qilish yoki ularga g'amxo'rlik qilishda, ularga itoat qilishi farzdir. Farzandning o'zi tanlaydigan sohalarda, masalan, kimga uylanish, nima kiyish va boshqalarda, ota-onasiga itoat qilishi mustahabdir. Ota-onasi uni Alloh (SWT)ga itoatsizlik qilishga buyursa, unga ularga itoat qilish harom.

The son is obliged (i.e. it is fard) to obey the mother or father in those areas which are mubah (permitted) and are the right of the parent, e.g. to serve them or look after them, and is mandub (recommended) to obey them in areas which are the choice of the son, e.g. who to marry, what to wear etc. It is forbidden for him to obey his parents if they order him to disobey Allah (swt).

"Biz insonga ota-onasiga yaxshilik qilishni buyurdik. Onasi uni zo'rg'a-zo'rg'a, qiyinchilik ustiga qiyinchilik bilan ko'tarib yurdi va uni ikki yilda emizishdan ajratdi: (Buyruqni tinglang) Menga va ota-onangizga shukr qiling: Oxirgi manzil Menga qaytishdir. Agar ular sizni men bilan birga, bilimingiz yo'q narsalarni Menga sherik qilishga majburlasalar, ularga itoat qilmang." [TMQ 31:14-15]

“And we have enjoined upon man to be good to his parents. In travail upon travail did his mother bear him. And in years twain was his weaning : (Hear the command) Show gratitude to Me and your parents : To me is (your final) goal. But if they strive to make you join in worship with me things of that which you have no knowledge, obey them not.” [TMQ 31:14-15].

Begona erkakning begona ayolga shahvoniy niyat bilan qarashi harom.

It is forbidden for an unrelated man to gaze at a woman with lustful intentions.

Jarir ibn ‘Abdullah rivoyat qiladi: “Men Allohning Elchisidan ﷺ tasodifiy ko‘z tashlash (yuz tomonga, mahram bo‘lmagan kishiga qaratilgan) haqida so‘radim. U menga ko‘zlarimni boshqa tomonga burishni buyurdi.” (Muslim)

Jarir ibn ‘Abdullah reported, “I asked Allah’s Messenger about the sudden glance (that is cast) on the face (of a non-mahram). He commanded me that I should turn away my eyes.” Muslim.

Ayol ham turli rollarda bo‘lishi mumkin. Uning vazifalari qaysi vazifada harakat qilishiga qarab turlicha bo‘ladi.

The woman too can take different roles. Her duties vary depending on which capacity she acts in.

Ayollar egallashi mumkin bo'lgan rollar orasida quyidagilar muhim o'rinda turadi:

Among the roles that a woman can take, these are some of the important ones :

Ona

Mother.

Ona/Amma (ona tomonidan) Amakı/Ammaxon

Maternal/ Paternal Aunt.

Buvi

Grandmother.

Opa.

Sister.

Qiz.

Daughter.

Xotin.

Wife.

Qiz jiyan (ona tomondan) / Qiz jiyan (ota tomondan)

Maternal / Paternal Niece.

Begona ayol.

Unrelated woman.

Emizikli ona (ya'ni emizish orqali ona).

Wet-nurse (i.e. mother by breast-feeding).

Quyida bu rollarning ba'zilari nimalarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkinligiga oid bir nechta misollar:

Here are a few examples of what some of these roles may entail:

Onaning farzandlari tomonidan itoat va hurmatga otadan ko'ra ko'proq haqqi bor.

The mother has more right of obedience and respect from her children than the father.

Abu Hurayra rivoyat qiladi: bir kishi Payg'ambar ﷺ huzurlariga kelib so'radi: "Ey Allohning Rasuli, odamlardan kim mening yaxshi muomalam va chiroyli suhbatimga eng ko'proq haqli?" U zot javob berdilar: "Onang." Kishi so'radi: "Keyin kim?" U zot dedilar: "Onang." "Undan keyin?" U zot javob berdilar: "Onang." "Undan keyin?" U zot javob berdilar: "Otang." Buxoriy va Muslim rivoyat qilgan.

Abu Hurayrah related that a man came to the Prophet (saw) and asked, “O Rasul Allah, which of all the people is best entitled to kind treatment and good companionship from me? He answered, ‘your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then who?’ He said, ‘Your mother.’ ‘And after her?’ He replied, ‘Your mother.’ ‘And after her?’ He replied, ‘Your father.’ .” Bukhari and Muslim.

Qizning uyidan chiqishi uchun vali (homiysi) ruxsatini olishi kerak, bu odatda uning eri yoki otasidir. Bayhaqiy rivoyat qilgan: Payg'ambar ﷺ shunday degan: "Allohga va Oxirat kuniga iymon keltirgan ayolga, eri noroziligi bo'lsa, birovni erining uyiga kiritishi yoki u norozi bo'lsa chiqishi halol emas." Xola esa, ota-onasidan boshqa qarindoshlarning hech biridan ko'ra, yosh jiyani yoki jiyanasini tarbiyalash huquqiga ko'proq ega.

The daughter needs the permission from her waliy (guardian), who is usually her husband or father, to leave the house. Baihaqi narrated that the Prophet (saw) said, “It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to allow someone into her husband’s house if he is opposed, or to go out if he is averse.” The maternal aunt has more right of custody over her young nephew or niece, than any other relation apart from the mother and father.

Muhammad ﷺ dedi: "Xola (ona tomondagi xola) onadan keyin teng huquqqa ega." Bu hadis bola tarbiyasi (hizonat) masalasiga oid edi.

Muhammad (saw) said, “The khala (maternal aunt) has equal rights after the mother.” The hadith was regarding custody of a child.

Har bir erkak yoki ayol bajarishi mumkin bo‘lgan har bir rolning o‘ziga xos tafsilotlari va izohlari bor. Shunga qaramay, erkak va ayol o‘z atrofidagi odamlarga nisbatan ega bo‘lgan rollarni bajarish orqali oila tuzilmasida totuvlik hukm suradi. Oilа ichida yoki butun jamiyatda yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo‘lgan nizolar Shariat tomonidan hal qilinadi.

Each role that the man or woman may fulfil has its own details and explanations. However, by fulfilling the roles that each has with regards to the other people around them, harmony will prevail within the family structure. Disputes which may arise will be solved by the Shari‘ah, whether they are within the family structure, or in the society as a whole.

8.3.2 Ijtimoiy tizimning maqsadlari

Odam

Ayol